Abstract: Objective To investigate the correlation of spontaneous brain activity and continuous operation task (CPT) performance with regional homogeneity (ReHo) of the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and to explore the neural basis of children′s attention function. Methods From May 2018 to October 2019, 33 children were recruited from the physical examination department of Henan Children′s Hospital, whose blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal and task behavioral performance(reaction time, RT) were acquired.ReHo is calculated by BOLD signal, which reflects the synchronization of neuron activation in brain regions.Pearson correlation analysis between the ReHo values and the RT was performed in a voxel-wise manner to get the significant ReHo-RT correlation map. Results Significant negative ReHo-RT correlations were observed in right middle temporal gyrus (BA20, r=-0.84), right medial prefrontal lobe (BA32, r=-0.83), right inferior parietal lobule (BA19, r=-0.78), left precuneus (BA7, r=-0.84) and right lingual gyrus (BA17, r=-0.82).Significant positive ReHo-RT correlations were observed in bilateral middle frontal gyrus (BA11, r=0.87), left precentral gyrus (BA6, r=0.84), left thalamus (r=0.72), left posterior cerebellar lobe (r=0.72). Conclusions There is a significant correlation between the spontaneous activity of bilateral middle frontal gyrus and default network, left anterior central gyrus, left posterior cerebellar lobe, left thalamus and right lingual gyrus and the reaction time of children′s performance in CPT task, suggesting that the middle frontal gyrus plays an important role in the maintenance of attention function, and the appropriate activity level of default network is more conducive to the completion of executive function.The cortical-cerebellar-thalamus-cortical circuit may be the underlying neural basis for school-age children′s attention and executive function.

Key words: resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, regional homogeneity, continuous operation task, reaction time

摘要： 目的 运用静息功能磁共振(resting-state fMRI)局部一致性(ReHo)方法探讨大脑自发活动强度与持续操作任务反应时间是否存在相关性,探索学龄期儿童注意功能的神经机制。方法 2018年5月-2019年10月招募郑州儿童医院体检儿童33名,采集其静息功能磁共振血氧水平依赖(BOLD)信号及持续操作任务行为表现(反应时间),局部一致性(ReHo)通过BOLD信号计算得出,反应大脑局部神经元激活的同步性,与反应时间进行Pearson相关分析获取显著性相关脑区图。结果 ReHo与反应时间显著负相关脑区:右侧颞中回(BA20,r=-0.84)、右侧内侧前额叶(BA32,r=-0.83)、右侧顶下小叶(BA19,r=-0.78)、左侧楔前叶(BA7,r=-0.84)、右侧舌回(BA17,r=-0.82)。ReHo与反应时间显著正相关脑区:双侧额中回(BA11,r=0.87)、左侧中央前回(BA6,r=0.84)、左侧丘脑(r=0.72)、左侧小脑后叶(r=0.72)。结论 双侧额中回和默认网络、左中央前回、左侧小脑后叶、左侧丘脑及右侧舌回大脑自发活动与儿童注意任务反应时间有显著相关关系,提示额中回在注意功能维持中起到重要作用,默认网络的适度活动水平更有利于执行功能的完成,皮质-小脑-丘脑-皮质环路可能是学龄期儿童注意执行功能潜在的神经基础。

关键词: 静息功能磁共振, 局部一致性, 持续注意任务, 反应时间