Abstract: Physical health of Chinese children is not optimistic. Specifically, physical fitness of children and adolescents has been declining for decades, overweight and obesity are rapidly increasing and at a younger age. The rate of myopia among students in elementary school, middle school and high school remains high. And the poor social adaptability has become increasingly prominent. The government attaches great importance to children and adolescents' physical health and has launched a series of policy guidance documents. Promoting the physical activity and physical fitness in early childhood is an essential basis for establishing a healthy lifestyle throughout the entire life, urgently requiring us to pay attention to and attach importance to professional guidance. Based on recent years' new progress in related fields, this paper introduces the connotation and elements of early childhood physical activity and physical fitness, as well as its comprehensive impact on child development, the existing guidelines for physical activity and its monitoring progress. Besides, this paper proposes the implementation and strategy recommendations for government, medical institutes, childcare facilities and families, with a view to raising the awareness of primary child health care professionals on children's physical activity promotion and fitness health in early childhood, as well as strengthening guidance on it.

Key words: early childhood development, physical activity, physical fitness

摘要： 我国儿童体质健康不容乐观,儿童青少年体能连续多年下降,儿童超重肥胖呈快速上升且低龄化、学生近视率高居不降,社会适应能力差等健康问题也日益凸显。国家高度重视儿童青少年体质健康问题,推出一系列政策举措。其中的儿童早期运动促进与体质健康,作为建立一生健康的生活方式的重要基础,亟待人们在儿童早期发展工作中,关注并重视儿童早期运动与体质健康指导。本文结合近年来相关领域新进展,介绍儿童早期运动与体质健康相关概念内涵、对儿童发展的整体影响及相关指南与监测情况,并从政府、医疗机构、托幼机构、家庭等层面提出实施与策略建议,以期提高基层儿童保健专业人员对儿童早期运动与体质健康的认识,关注并加强对儿童早期运动促进与体质健康的指导。

关键词: 儿童早期发展, 运动(身体活动), 体质健康