Abstract: Objective To identify the dynamic changes in nutritional status of infants and young children's in poor rural areas of Anhui Province, and to provide data support for Children's Nutrition Improvement Program. Methods From 2015 to 2020, infants and young children aged 6 - 23 months and their caregivers were selected from counties with Children's Nutrition Improvement Program in poor areas of Anhui Province, using the combination of PPS sampling and random equidistant sampling. Body length and body weight measurement and hemoglobin test were conducted for all children, and their caregivers were surveyed by questionnaires. Results A total of 12 418 infants aged 6 to 23 months and their caregivers were included between 2015 and 2020. There were significant differences in body length, body weight and hemoglobin values between different years (P<0.05), which increased from 77.83 cm, 10.17 kg and 115.23 g/ L in 2015 to 78.24 cm, 10.26 kg and 118.47 g/L in 2020, with an increase of 0.41 cm, 0.09 kg and 3.24 g/L respectively. The growth of body length and hemoglobin value was statistically significant (P<0.05). From 2015 to 2020, the rates of protein-energy malnutrition, overweight obesity and anemia among infants showed a downward trend (P_trend< 0.05). Down from 4.36%, 23.53% and 29.81% in 2015 to 3.01%, 21.05% and 17.21% in 2020, with a decrease of 30.96%, 10.54% and 42.27% respectively. The decrease of above nutritional diseases showed significant differences in gender and age. Conclusions The nutritional status of infants and young children in poor areas of Anhui Province has been significantly improved after the implementation of the Children's Nutrition Improvement Program. However, the problem of overweight and obesity should be paid attention to.

Key words: malnutrition, overweight and obesity, anemia

摘要： 目的 了解安徽省贫困地区婴幼儿营养状况的动态变化,为进一步开展儿童营养改善工作提供数据支持。方法 2015—2020年在安徽省贫困地区儿童营养改善项目县,采用入样概率与活产数成比例的PPS抽样和随机等距抽样相结合的方法,对抽取的6～23月龄婴幼儿进行身长、体重测量和血红蛋白实验室检测,对其看护人进行问卷调查。结果 2015—2020年共调查12 418名6~23月龄婴幼儿及其看护人。不同年份间,婴幼儿身长、体重和血红蛋白值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),分别由2015年的77.83 cm、10.17 kg、115.23 g/L上升至2020年的78.24 cm、10.26 kg、118.47 g/L,分别增长了0.41 cm、0.09 kg、3.24 g/L,身长、血红蛋白值增长差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。2015—2020年婴幼儿蛋白质-能量营养不良率、超重肥胖率、贫血率呈下降趋势(P_趋势＜0.05),分别从2015年的4.36%、23.53%、29.81%降至2020年的3.01%、21.05%、17.21%,降幅分别为30.96%、10.54%、42.27%。各类营养性疾病下降幅度均呈现性别和年龄差异。结论 通过实施贫困地区儿童营养改善项目,安徽省贫困地区婴幼儿营养状况显著改善,但超重肥胖问题仍应引起关注。

关键词: 营养不良, 超重肥胖, 贫血