Abstract: Objective To explore lifestyle patterns among Chinese preschool school children by latent class analysis, and to analyze its associations with behavior problems from person-centered perspective,in order to provide theoretical reference for improving children's mental health. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of children aged 3 - 6 years old in five kindergartens in Xuzhou city by cluster sampling from April to May 2021.The survey content included the demographic characteristics, rearing environment, life behaviors and behavior problems, which was measured by Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ). Latent class analysis was used to explore latent lifestyle patterns.Unadjusted and adjusted Logistic regression analysis was used to test the associations between latent lifestyle patterns and behavior problems. Results The sample size was 1 190, including 618 (51.9%) boys.Latent class analysis for 7 life behaviors showed that three latent class model was the best one: low-risk group (206, 17.3%), medium-risk group (721, 60.6%) and high-risk group (263, 22.1%).After controlling demographic factors, adjusted Logistic regression model showed that compared to low-risk group, children in high-risk group had more risks of developing hyperactivity (OR=2.129, 95%CI: 1.230 - 3.685), peer problems (OR=2.051, 95%CI: 1.316 - 3.197), and total difficulties (OR=2.081, 95%CI: 1.290 - 3.356). Conclusions Improper dietary balance and irrational structure of daily activities substantially escalate the risk of emotional and behavioral issues in preschool-age children.Helping preschool children form a healthy lifestyle pattern is conducive to preventing behavioral problems.

Key words: preschool children, lifestyle, behavior problems, latent class analysis

摘要： 目的 用人群指向视角,通过潜在类别分析探索学龄前儿童生活方式的潜在类别,分析生活方式的潜在类别与情绪行为问题的相关性,为改善儿童心理健康状况提供理论依据。方法 2021年4-5月对徐州市5所幼儿园的3~6岁全部在园儿童及家长进行问卷调查。调查内容包含人口学特征、学龄前儿童生活方式以及情绪行为问题筛查。建立潜在类别分析模型探索生活方式的潜在类别,建立单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型,分析学龄前儿童生活方式的潜在类别对情绪行为问题检出率的影响。结果 研究样本为1 190名3~6岁学龄前儿童(其中男童618人,占51.9%)。通过对该样本人群的7项生活行为信息进行潜在类别分析得到三类生活方式模型:低风险组(206人,17.3%),中风险组(721人,60.6%),高风险组(263人,22.1%)。控制了人口学变量后,多因素逻辑回归模型结果证明生活方式高风险组的学龄前儿童多动风险(OR=2.129, 95%CI:1.230~3.685)、同伴交往问题风险(OR=2.051, 95%CI:1.316~3.197)、和困难总分风险(OR=2.081, 95%CI: 1.290~3.356)显著高于生活方式低风险组学龄前儿童。结论 不均衡的膳食与不合理的日常活动结构显著增加学前儿童情绪行为问题的风险,帮助学前儿童形成健康的生活方式有利于预防情绪行为问题的发生。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 生活方式, 情绪行为问题, 潜在类别分析