Abstract: 【Objective】 To investigate the rate of adversity and cumulative adversity on adolescents in the countryside and discuss the importance of paying attention to the adolescents' adversity. 【Methods】 Using the method of convenient sampling to questionnaire surveyed 1 200 adolescents living in the eastern, central and western of Shandong province; the questionnaires were consist of the demography, the adversity checklist which contains family adversity, community adversity, school adversity and personal adversity. 【Results】 The top five adolescents' adversity were the test anxiety and tension(51.7%), parents' substance abuse(37.8%), witnessed the accident(33.5%), own serious illness or injury(31.6%), and the teacher's words hurt(29.8%). The incidence of rural adolescents' cumulative adversity was 79.6% and it was significantly different by sex(χ²=4.1,P＜0.05). Only 6.6% adolescents never suffered adversity. The study also found that the adversity rate of problems with sibling, the test anxiety and tension, sexual abuse, witnessed of fire and traffic accidents were different according to sex(P＜0.05 or ＜0.01). 【Conclusions】 The adversity is common in the rural, especially the cumulative adversity. The rural adolescents' healthy living environment should be paid attention to, and measures are taken to prevent and reduce the influence of adversity on adolescents' physical and mental health development.

Key words: adolescents, specific adversity, cumulative adversity

摘要： 【目的】 调查山东省农村青少年逆境及累积逆境的现状。 【方法】 采用方便抽样的方法,对山东省东、中、西部六个地区的1 200名农村青少年进行问卷调查,问卷主要包括一般资料问卷和青少年逆境调查问卷(包括家庭逆境、社区逆境、学校逆境和个体逆境四个方面)。 【结果】 考试紧张焦虑(51.7%)、父母物质滥用(34.8%)、目击交通事故(33.5%)、自己曾患病(31.6%)以及老师的言语伤害(29.8%)位居青少年逆境前五位,且家庭逆境平均发生次数要高于社区、学校和个体逆境的平均发生次数(P＜0.01)。农村青少年累积逆境的发生率为79.6%,且男女发生率差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.10,P＜0.05),仅有6.6%的青少年未曾遭遇逆境。不同性别间在兄弟姐妹不和睦、考试紧张焦虑、性虐待、目击火灾及交通事故上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或＜0.01)。 【结论】 农村青少年普遍存在逆境,且累积逆境较常见。应该重视农村青少年健康成长的不同环境,采取积极措施避免和减少影响青少年身心健康发展的逆境。

关键词: 青少年, 逆境, 累积逆境