Abstract: 【Objectives】 To investigate the association between complementary feeding and anemia of infants and young children. 【Methods】 By cluster sampling, 143 dyads of mothers and their infants aged 3-18 months were selected in Shunyi district, Beijing. Complementary feeding data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric indicators (body length, weight) and hemoglobin concentration of these infants were measured. 【Results】 The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher for infants younger than 12 months than for those children older than 12 months (P< 0.01). Regardless of age and gender, the prevalence of anemia was significantly higher for those children to whom complementary foods were introduced prior to 4 months of age than between 4~6 months of age (P< 0.05). Children to whom fortified foods (eg formula) or nutrient supplements were introduced had significantly lower prevalence of anemia than those to whom fortified food were not introduced (P< 0.05). When various anemia diagnosis standards (97、105、110 g/L) were used, those differences were still significant (P< 0.01). 【Conclusions】 The prevalence of anemia is significantly higher for children younger than 12 months of age than those older than 12 months of age. Introducing iron fortified foods prior to 4 months of age might improve infants' iron status. However, the optimal timing of introducing complementary foods needs further investigation.

Key words: complementary feeding, infant and young children, anemia

摘要： 【目的】 本研究以健康婴幼儿为研究对象,研究不同时间添加辅食、添加不同种类辅食对婴幼儿贫血发生的影响。 【方法】 采用整群抽样的方法,选择北京顺义区3~18月龄婴幼儿143名,向其母亲询问婴儿基本状况、添加辅食时间和辅食种类等;采用氰化高铁血红蛋白方法测量其血红蛋白浓度。 【结果】 本研究发现该组儿童贫血发生率12个月前为30%左右,明显高于12个月后的10%左右 (P< 0.01)。不论男童还是女童, 6个月龄前或6个月龄后儿童,4个月前添加辅食均可以使贫血发生率下降(P< 0.05)。添加铁强化食物(如配方奶和营养素补充剂)可以使血红蛋白浓度升高(P< 0.05)。采用不同贫血诊断标准(97、105、110 g/L),贫血发生率差异仍存在统计学意义 (P< 0.01)。 【结论】 12个月龄前儿童贫血发生率明显高于12个月龄后儿童。虽然4个月前添加铁强化辅食使得铁营养状况得到改善,但适宜的辅食添加时间有待进一步研究。

关键词: 辅食添加, 婴幼儿, 贫血