Table of Content

06 November 2011, Volume 19 Issue 11

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Nutritional state analysis of micronutrient,amino acids and carnitine in children with phenylketonuria treated with dietotherapy

ZHANG Li-qin, SU Nai-lun, ZHAO Cai-hong, FU Ping

2011, 19(11):  971-972. 

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【Objective】 To analysis nutritional problem in children with phenylketonuria treated with dietotherapy,so as to provide a basis for intervention. 【Methods】 46 children with phenylketonuria detected by neonatal screening in Qingdao were studied and compared to 61 matched normal children born at the same time. Nutritional state of the children was evaluated on the blood biochemical parameters,analysis of amino acids in serum respectively. 【Results】 1)The blood Zn,Cu in children with phenylketonuria were lower than those of the normal controls(P<0.05). Zinc deficiency in children with phenylketonuria was significantly higher than the normal controls(χ²=7.017,P=0.008).2)There were significant differences in blood aspartic acid, methionine, phenylalanine, argine, citrulline, glycine, ornithine between children with phenylketonuria and the controls(P<0.01).3)The free carntine,acetylcarnitine,propionylcarnitine and butylcarnitine were no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05). 【Conclusions】 The present findings strongly suggest that there were nutrient deficiencies in children with phenylketonuria, though having been early-diagnosed and early-treated. Timely identification and correction of the nutrient deficiencies in children with phenylketonuria are important. To seek the best treatment program is the direction of our efforts.

Method for assessment of skeletal maturity in the children less than 5 years of age: developmental index method for hand and wrist

ZHANG Shao-yan, ZHANG Ji-ye, LIU Li-juan, HAN Yi-san, MA Zhen-guo, SHEN Xun-zhang, XU Rui-long

2011, 19(11):  973-976. 

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【Objective】 The methods for assessment of skeletal maturity in the children less than 5 years of age were provided. 【Methods】 The sample was 2 468(1 245 boys,1 223 girls)normal Han children aged 0~5 years from the study of "The Standards of Skeletal Maturity of Hand and Wrist for ChineseChina 05". The developmental index (DI) of bones in hand and wrist were estimated by the ages of attainment for TW3 skeletal development stages, which were calculated by probability unit. The LMS method was used to fit centile curves of DI for all bones of hand and wrist (R+C) and the Carpal bones (CARP). 【Results】 The smoothed 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 97th centile curves were charted respectively for R+C and CARP, and the differences between percents of cases below the fitted centile curves and expected values were 0.1%~2.3%. There were notable sexual discrepancy in rate of skeletal development for hand and wrist. The DI of R+C were rapidly increased after 0.5 year in girls and 1 year in boys, and the DI of CARP after 1 year in girls and 1.5 years in boys, respectively. The increase of velocity for DI in girls was more rapid than in boys. 【Conclusions】 The ossification centre of boys and girls are appeared in succession after 0.5 year of age. The centile curves of DI for R+C and CARP should be used for skeletal maturity assessment in children less than 5 years of age.

Epidemiological study on infant sleep status in Shenzhen

XIE Yi,SUN Xiao-mian,ZHENG Xue-mei

2011, 19(11):  977-979. 

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【Objective】 To understand infant sleep problems through the study of infant sleep status in Shenzhen, and analyse the risk factors. To provide a scientific basis to solve infant sleep problems for pediatricians and children health care workers. 【Methods】 The survey and temperament tests were taken among 904 parents in five community service centers,at random. 【Results】 1) Prevalence of sleep problems among infants was 43.0% in Shenzhen. 2) The main infant sleep position before 6-month-old was supination. Lateral position and unfixed position gradually increased along with the growth after 6-month-old. Infants sleep on their own or need help to fall asleep had nothing to do with age. 3) Main risk factors were the parents lack of knowledge of sleep, infants with disharmonious temperament, infants sleeping at night with lights and so on. 【Conclusions 】 Infant sleep problems have attracted wide attention from their parents. The parents lack of knowledge of sleep and paying too much attention to infant sleep, is the main risk factor to prevent infants from establishing normal sleep patterns.

Iodine nutritional status and its influencing factors among infants in some regions of Jiangsu province

QIN Zhen-ying,QIN Rui,HU You-fang,LIU Xi-rong,DING Xiao-li,XU Hui,WANG Hua,ZHU Xian-bin

2011, 19(11):  980-982. 

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【Objective】 To evaluate the iodine nutritional status and its influencing factors among infants in some regions of Jiangsu province, aims to make recommendation for suitable iodine intake during this locality. 【Methods】 Utilizing a stratified random sampling design, a total of 2 329 healthy infants were recruited from five surveillance areas(Nanjing、Nantong,Changzhou and two major outskirt rural regions). For every participant 5 mL spot urine sample was collected to assay iodine concentration. A dietary questionnaire was completed and anthropometric parameters(height, weight) were measured ,then the correlations between urinary iodine levels and its influencing factors were analyzed. 【Results】 1)The median urine iodine concentration of the infants was 200 μg/L, and the distribution of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) range from 25% to 75% was 100~250 μg/L.1.3% of which was lower than 50 μg/L and 5.2% was higher than 300 μg/L.The rate of UIC of 50~99 μg/L,100~300 μg/L was 10.9%,82.7%,respectively.2)Urinary iodine concentration's constituent ratio were differ significantly both in different months(χ²=19.870,P<0.05) and different regions(χ²=60.355,P<0.001).The rate of UIC more than 300 μg/L and less than 100 μg/L in urban were higher than rural(χ²=33.208,P<0.001).3)The multiple conditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between urinary iodine and general conditions' of infant (age,regions and intake of salt sodium,et al),and it was found that urinary iodine was related to age、residential area and intake of salt sodium. 【Conclusions】 The average iodine nutritional status of infants are at the appropriate level in Jiangsu province,however,there are also iodine deficiency and excess in some places of Jiangsu province; The distribution of urinary iodine is differ in different regions, and a higher proportion of iodine deficiency and excess in urban especially in Nanjing city.

Survey on nutrition and health status in infants under 36 months in Zhen'an, Shaanxi

MENG Li-ping, FU Ping,ZHANG Jian, CHANG Feng ,WANG Lin-jiang,ZHANG Fa-sheng,MAN Qing-qing,SONG Peng-kun,LI Li-xiang

2011, 19(11):  983-985. 

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【Objective】 To analyse the nutrition and health status of infants under 36 months in Zhen'an county, Shaanxi province. 【Method】 By PPS sampling method, total 422 infants under 36 months in Zhen'an were chosen randomly and investigated using the questionnaire, anthropometrics. Children aged 6~35 months were taken blood samples to measure hemoglobin and serum 25-(OH)D₃ concentration. 【Results】 The prevalence of stunting, low weight and wasting were 8.5%, 3.6% and 3.1%, respectively. The prevalence of diarrhea and the respiratory tract disease for the last two weeks were 22.2% and 14.5%, respectively. The prevalence of anemia, vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D borderline deficiency in 6~35 months children were 25.1%, 15.2% and 34.8%. 【Conclusions】 The growth level of the infants in Zhen'an county is well, but the prevalence of anemia and vitamin D deficiency are high. It is necessary to take a nutrients supplement rich in iron and vitamin D to remedy the problem of anemia and vitamin D deficiency for infants aged 6~35 months.

Association between complementary feeding and anemia of infants and young children

YANG Zhen-yu,LAI Jian-qiang,WANG Zhi-xu,ZHAO Xian-feng,YIN Shi-an

2011, 19(11):  986-988. 

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【Objectives】 To investigate the association between complementary feeding and anemia of infants and young children. 【Methods】 By cluster sampling, 143 dyads of mothers and their infants aged 3-18 months were selected in Shunyi district, Beijing. Complementary feeding data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric indicators (body length, weight) and hemoglobin concentration of these infants were measured. 【Results】 The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher for infants younger than 12 months than for those children older than 12 months (P< 0.01). Regardless of age and gender, the prevalence of anemia was significantly higher for those children to whom complementary foods were introduced prior to 4 months of age than between 4~6 months of age (P< 0.05). Children to whom fortified foods (eg formula) or nutrient supplements were introduced had significantly lower prevalence of anemia than those to whom fortified food were not introduced (P< 0.05). When various anemia diagnosis standards (97、105、110 g/L) were used, those differences were still significant (P< 0.01). 【Conclusions】 The prevalence of anemia is significantly higher for children younger than 12 months of age than those older than 12 months of age. Introducing iron fortified foods prior to 4 months of age might improve infants' iron status. However, the optimal timing of introducing complementary foods needs further investigation.

Relationship between birth weight and overweight or obesity in childhood

RONG Fen, WU Jun-qing, LI Yu-yan, LI Chun-ying, HUA Qin, LU Fei-jie, GAO Er-sheng

2011, 19(11):  989-991. 

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【Objective】 To provide scientific reference for children obesity prevention and control, the relationship between birth weight and overweight or obesity in childhood was explored. 【Methods】 A historical cohort study was carried out by using questionnaire and physical examination. Subjects were randomly selected from a birth cohort including 1435 couples of high and normal birth weight babies in Wuxi. The relationship between birth weight and overweight or obesity in childhood was analyzed by collecting the information associated with obesity. 【Results】 The incidences of overweight and obesity were 13.10% and 2.86% in high birth weight babies and those in normal birth weight babies were 9.69% and 1.61%. The incidence of overweight and obesity of high birth weight babies was much higher than that of normal birth weight babies(P <0.01). Compared with normal birth weight babies, the relative risks of overweight and obesity among high birth weight babies were 1.35 and 1.78 respectively. The attributable risks of those were 3.41% and 1.26% respectively. The trend χ² test indicated the incidences of overweight and obesity increased with increasing birth weight (P<0.01), the RR and AR of overweight and obesity also increased. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated birth weight, gender, BMI of father and mother, preference for eat fried foods might be risk factors of BMI in childhood. 【Conclusion】 Children obesity could be affected by high birth weight and the obesity prevention should begin from prenatal period.

Study on the influence factors of behavior problems of preschoolers

HE Shou-sen, GUAN Chun-rong, WU Mao-ping, WANG Xi-lu, AN Xiang-mei, ZHOU Ya-ping, NI Chen-xi, LI Yan, LI Qing-xia

2011, 19(11):  992-995. 

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【Objective】 To probe into the preschoolers behavior problems influence factors in order to provide a basis for promoting children's behavior development. 【Methods】 464 preschoolers were investigated with self-designed family demographic information questionnaire, preschool temperament scale, 3~6 years old children family nurture environment scale, the teacher's questionnaire on children's self-confidence and children's behavior checklist. 【Results】 The boys had higher score than the girl about thinking problem and disciplinary problems. Children's retreat, aggression and external problem decreased with age. Children whose parent's occupation were executive staff had lower behavior score than others. Easy type of temperament children had lower behavior score than those difficulty type and slow-to-warm-up type. The family social adaptive, diverse activities and atmosphere factors were obviously correlated with the children's retreat, social, attention and aggression problems. The family ignorance/interference factor was correlated with anxiety depression, social, attention, aggression problems. Children's self-efficacy, self-expression scores had weak correlations with children's retreat behavior problems. 【Conclusion】 Children's behavior problems are influenced by individual internal biological factors such as gender, age, and psychological factor such as temperament, and external home nurture environment factors.

Regulated by budesonide on expressions of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 and pathology modification in rat asthmatic lung tissue

FAN Guang-min, TONG Xia-sheng, KANG Xiao-dong, YE Bin, YE Hui, RUAN Zheng-ying

2011, 19(11):  996-998. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the potential roles of budesonide in asthma treatment, the pathological changes of asthmatic lung tissue and expressions of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2(TRAF2) were performed in rat asthma model. 【Methods】 The rats of asthma model were randomly divided into three groups on average, including asthma group, control group and budesonide treated group. The changes of lung inflammation were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining.The expressions of TRAF2 proteins were detected by immunohistochemical method either. 【Results】 There were significant differences between in asthma group and in control group about changes of lung inflammation and generral conditions of hairs, weight, activity, and so on . while they were significantly decreased by budesonide.Moreover, the expressions of TRAF2 proteins in asthma group (0.317±0.041 optical density)at bronchial wall were significantly higher than those in control group(0.220±0.057 optical density)(P＜0.01), and the expressions were dramaticly decreased in budesonide treated group(0.236±0.033 optical density) when compared to asthma group(P＜0.01). But there was no significant difference of TRAF2 protein expressions between in budesonide treated group and control group( P>0.05). 【Conclusions】 Levels of TRAF2 are increased in asthmatic rat, it may be as a potential role in pathogenesis of asthma inflammation. The function of budesonide on regulating TRAF2 levels may be partly through TRAF2 signal transduction pathway.

Relationship between children's obesity and mothers'weight gain during pregnancy, infants's feeding mode

ZHANG Xian, ZHU Mei-hong, HUA Jing, ZHANG Qiao-mei, PAN Jian-ying, WU Zhuo-chun

2011, 19(11):  1011-1013. 

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【Objective】 To study the association of mothers' weight gain during pregnancy and infants' early feeding mode on children' obesity so as to provide the clues for preventing the children's obesity. 【Methods】 A total of 949 children from four second-level kindergartens were selected randomly from two communities in Hongkou district in Shanghai. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the children's weight, height, family conditions, the mothers'weight gain during pregnancy and infants' feeding mode,and so on. The relationship between the mothers' weihgt during the pregnancy, infants's feeding mode and children's obesity were analyzed with χ² test and binary logistic regression. 【Results】 Resulst of the study showed that the rates of obesity and over-weight was 10.1% and 13.2% respectively. Pregnancy weight gain ≥ 15 kg, children exclusively breastfed within 6 months were associated with obesity when age, gender, the characteristic of registered residence,family structure and family income were considered. 【Conclusions】 Mother's weight gain more than 15 kg during pregnancy may be a risk factor for childhood obesity; And exclusive breastfeeding within 6 months may be a protective factor on children's obesity which may reduce the incidence of obesity in children.

Epidemiologic status and influencing factors of obesity in children and adolescents

TANG Qing,CHEN Shao-ke,LUO Jing-si,FAN Xin,FENG Ying

2011, 19(11):  1014-1017. 

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【Objective】 To study the epidemiologic prevalence status and influencing factors of overweight and obesity children and adolescents aged 7~18 years in Nanning, aimed at providing a scientific basis for further study of the pathogenesis of obesity and the development of effective control measures. 【Methods】 A stratified random sampling method was used for collecting 5 658 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 in Nanning. The sample data of height and weight were measured and collected. The sample was screened based on the diagnostic criteria of "Body mass index reference norm for screening overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents". The overweight and obesity children and adolescents were diagnosed and inspected the influencing factors using multiple stepwise regression analysis. 【Results】 The detection rate of overweight children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 was 10.12%. Obesity rate was 8.48% in Nanning . The overweight and obesity prevalence in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (P <0.01); the rates of each age group of overweight and obesity were significantly different (P <0.05). The data from the standard regression coefficient showed the most influential variable to the least influential variable on overweight and obesity: the history of obese parents, watching television (video games) time, outdoor exercise time, eating greasy food and sweets, speed of eating,birth weight, and infant 4 months feeding. 【Conclusion】 The incidence levels of overweight and obesity children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 in Nanning area are close to the national average. The major influencing factors on obesity children and adolescents include heredity, dietary custom and exercise.

Epidemiological survey of simple obesity and hypertension with primary and middle school students in Huai'an City

NI Huai-liang,DAI Wei-jing,LIN Xiao-fei

2011, 19(11):  1017-1019. 

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【Objective】 To get the epidemiological message of simple obesity and hypertension with primary and middle school students in Huai'an city. 【Methods】 The epidemiological survey of 22 307 primary and middle school students aged 6~17 were carriedout in the city proper of Huai'an.Body height,body weight,systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) were measured and body mass index(BMI) was calculated eventually. 【Results】 The detection rate of overweight and obesity with primary and middle school students aged 6~17 in the city proper of Huai'an were 14.31％ and 10.16％,among the total the rate of school boy were 16.69％ and 13.07％ compare to girl student with the rate of 11.56％ and 6.80％ which indicated the detection rate of overweight and obesity with school boy was obviously higher than that of girl student(P<0.01), SBP and DBP with school boy and girl student in obesity group and overweight group which was higher than 90 and 95 percentile rank were more than that of normal weight group(P<0.005). 【Conclusion】 It is serious of epidemiological of tendency simple obesity and hypertension with 6~17 primary and middle school students in Huai'an,and we should pay much attention to them.

Effects of feeding in different ways on preterm infants

YANG Chun-hui,LIAO Yan,WANG Wei-qiong,HUANG Yun-li,SHI Yu-qi

2011, 19(11):  1020-1021. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the effects of feeding in different ways on physical development and serum index of preterm infants. 【Methods】 91 preterm infants whose birth weights were all above 1 500 g. Infants were divided into 5 groups by following feeding ways: preterm-infant formula; term-infant formula; preterm-infant formula and breast milk; breast milk; term-infant formula and breast milk. Weights, lengths were measured at 4~6 months adjusted by gestational age.Z-score of weights and lengths were calculated. Serum total protein, albumin, and micronutrients etc were detected. 【Results】 The Z-score of weights and lengths in Group 4 were blow zero, and lower than other groups. But the differences were not significant (P>0.05). The serum levels of BUN in Group 4 was significant lower than other groups (P<0.05) and was significant higher in Group 2 than Group 3, Group 4, Group 5 (P<0.05). The serum levels of albumin in Group 1 and Group 5 were significant higher than other groups (P<0.05), but were similar between the two group (P=0.947). There were no significant differences in other serum index levels among the groups (P>0.05). The levels of serum BUN were correlated with the Z-score of length (r=0.228, P=0.04). 【Conclusion】 1) Exclusive breast feeding can not provide enough nutrients for matching the early growth and development of preterm infants; 2) Further study will be needed to investigate the mechanisms and long effects of high serum BUN levels in preterm infants feeding with term-infant formula.

Applied principal component analysis in physical quality assessment of preschool children in Beijing

LI Yi-chen,MENG Jie,HE Hui,PAN Ying

2011, 19(11):  1022-1024. 

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【Objective】 Applied principal component analysis in assessing preschool children physical quality in different areas of Beijing. 【Methods】 Excellent rate of physical quality indicators were studied which including: shuttle run, standing long jump, throw for distance, eet consecutive jump, seat proneness and walk balance beam by the principal component analysis of preschool children in different areas of Beijing from annual report. 【Results】 6 eigenvectors were4.860,0.691,0.221,0.142,0.058 and 0.028 with their contribution of 81.01%,11.51%,3.69%,2.37%,0.96%and0.47%.The first principal component (Z₁) reflected the overall physical quality level of preschool children, such as speed, sensibility, explosive force, throwing power, springing ability, balance ability and so on were better than the others. A sorting order of the principle component scores showed that the preschool children who living in remote counties had better physical quality than whose living in urban areas in Beijing. 【Conclusion】 Principal component analysis can generalize and reflect the overall level of preschool children physical quality.

Effects of metformin therapy on obese children in their different glucose metabolism status

LIU Xiu-qin,GONG Chun-xiu,CAO Bing-yan,HUANG Hui,DONG Qian,XIE Ruo-xiang

2011, 19(11):  1024-1027. 

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【Objective】 To compare the 12 months effect of metformin treatment on obese children. 【Methods】 101 obese children were grouped base on OGTT, Group 1 were 50 with hyperinsulinemia cases, among of them, 20 cases(Group 1A) managed by lifestyle interferering and other 30 cases (Group 1B) treated with metformin. Group 2 were 51 IGR/T2DM cases treated with metformin and lifestyle interfering. 【Results】 Group 1A before and after treatment of the body mass index, index of glucose metabolism, blood lipids,had no significant improvement(P> 0.05). Group 1B and group 2 before and after treatment of the body mass index, index of glucose metabolism, blood lipids,were improved significantly,(P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Metformin combined with life-style is better than lifestyle alone.

Survey on the feeding behavior of infants under 36 months in Zhen'an, Shaanxi

MAN Qing-qing, FU Ping,ZHANG Jian, CHANG Feng,WANG Lin-jiang, MENG Li-ping,SONG Peng-kun ,LI Li-xiang

2011, 19(11):  1027-1030. 

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【Objective】 To analysis the birth information and feeding behaviors of infants under 36 months in Zhen'an county, Shaanxi province. 【Methods】 By PPS sampling method, total 432 infants under 36 months in Zhen'an were chosen and investigated using questionnaires. 【Results】 The average weight of newborn infants reached 3 270 g and the length was 50.3 cm with no significant difference between genders. The proportion of low birth weight and macrosomia was 5.1% and 5.6%, respectively. The proportion of breast-feeding with 4 months was 52.3%. The proportion of weaning in infants aged 4~5 m, 6~11 m and 12~17 m was 4.2%, 26.3% and 73%, respectively. In the infants with complementary foods added, the median of the first time soft grain adding was the 6th month. About half infants started their complementary eggs and meats during their 7th or 8th months. Half of the 18~35m children started eating fish in their 12 months. There were 88.4% and 56.5% of the infants aged 12~17 month have been fed meats and fish, respectively. 【Conclusions】 There is a pretty low proportion of breast feeding and a early weaning in infants under 36 months in Zhen'an, Shaanxi province. Complementary food is not in rich variety and the time adding foods with rich high-quality protein is late. It is necessary to make more efforts to improve breast-feeding and suitable complementary food in underprivileged rural areas including Zhenan county.

Prevalence and influencing factors of simple obesity among of preschool children from 2006 to 2010 in Shajing street,Baoan district,Shenzhen

ZHAO Guang-ying,WEI Huang-zhong

2011, 19(11):  1030-1032. 

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【Objective】 To study the prevalence and influencing factors of simple obesity among preschool children in Shajing street,Baoan district,Shenzhen . 【Method】 Cluster sampling method was used to analyze the physical examination data of Shajing street form 2006 to 2010, further investigation of the parents of obese children to filter the factors of childhood obesity. 【Results】 Obesity in preschool children from 2006 to 2010 were 6.29%,6.42%,7.00%,7.26%,7.58%, respectively,and showed an increasing trend (P= 0.001);The prevalence of obesity showed an increasing trend in pre-school boys, girls, 5 to 6 years of age group. (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that heavier birth weight, love to eat sweets, regular intake of high fat and calorie foods, outdoor exercise less, the more the lack of nutritional knowledge of parents of children with simple obesity rate. 【Conclusion】 There has a rapid rise in the prevalence of obesity pre-school children in Baoan district, and need for timely control.

Analysis of therapeutic effect of salmeterol/fluticasone on moderate and severe children asthma treated by inhalation

MA Cai-ling,DUAN Bo,TIAN Yu-zhen

2011, 19(11):  1033-1035. 

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【Objective】 To observe the efficacy of salmeterol/fluticasone(commodity name:Seretide) in the treatment of children with moderate and severe asthma. 【Method】 Evaluate the efficacy by lung ventilation function and clinical asthma control of the 46 moderate and severe asthmatic cases from our outpatient department and the hospital during January 2009 and March 2010 treated by Seretide. 【Results】 1)Significant improvement on the lung ventilation function was founded after 3 months treatment by Seretide. Before the treatment:FEV₁、PEF,FEF₂₅ ,FEF₅₀,FEF₇₅,MMEF_75/25were (1.31±0.59),(3.05±1.33),(2.39±1.17),(1.30±0.69),(0.52±0.28),(1.08±0.60) L/S;after 3 months treatment, FEV₁,PEF,FEF₂₅,FEF₅₀,FEF₇₅,MMEF_75/25 were (1.90±0.59),(4.45±1.35),(3.80±1.17),(2.34±0.80),(0.98±0.39),(2.10±0.82) L/S(t=4.80,5.02,5.78,6.67,6.57,6.80;all P<0.001);of which 28 patients (60.9%) lung ventilation function returns to normal, a abnormal 7 cases (15.2%), two anomalies in 4 (8.7%) ,3 of abnormal in 5 patients (10.9%), four and five abnormal each 1 cases (2.2%), and six indexes abnormal 0); 2)87%(40 cases )of children were clinical controlled , 8.7% (4 cases)of children were partially controlled, 4.3% (2 cases)were not controlled. 【Conclusions】 Seretide can significantly improve moderate and severe children asthma clinical symptoms, lung ventilation function. So, it is an ideal treatment of the older children, moderate and severe asthma, to be worth of clinical application.

Analysis of intelligence level and intelligence structure in children with asthma

LIU Fang,MA Hong-wei,SHANG Yun-xiao,TIAN Xiao-bo,WANG Li-bo

2011, 19(11):  1038-1040. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the characteristics of intelligence level and intelligence structure in children with asthma,and to provide evidence for early-interventions. 【Methods】 By a 1∶1 matched case -control study ,105 children with asthma were compared with 105 normal children in the study. All participants were assessed with the Wechsler Children Scales of Intelligence(C-WISC). 【Rusult】 The full intelligence quotient,verbal intelligence quotient,classification,insight,psicture array,coding,speech understanding factorr had statistical significant(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The present study suggests that intellectual and structure is impaired in children with asthma.

Epidemiological investigation of early childhood caries and the correlative factors, analysis for 3 years old children in the Haidian district in Beijing

MIAO Jiang-xia ,LI Wen-jun,ZHANG Yan-ling,ZHANG Ping,SUN Meng

2011, 19(11):  1040-1042. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the status of early childhood caries and caries-related factors for 3 years old children in the Haidian District of Beijing. 【Methods】 The investigation was involved in 588 children of 3 years old form 12 preschool in the Haidian District in Beijing. Their caries were examined and questionaire was provided by their parents. 【Results】 The prevalence of early childhood caries was 47.6%.The mean dft score was 2.20. The children with dft value greater than 3 occupy 26% of the entire examples whereas the number of their dft was 76% of the total caries. Logistic regression analysis showed that the feeding habits, the level of saliva mutans streptococci and the duration of feeding were significant. 【Conclusions】 3 years old children who have just entered kindergarten have a high rate of early childhood caries and low rate of treatment. A few children have a higher risk of early childhood caries and more attention should be need to them, check for them as soon as possible, meanwhile do a better job in prevention.

Analysis of the sterilizing situation among pre-school class related to migrant workers' children in Minhang district of Shanghai

XU Ai-ying

2011, 19(11):  1043-1045. 

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【Objective】 To understand the quality of sterilizing and hygiene among pre-schools of migrant workers' children in Minhang district in order to provide scientific evidences for preventing infectious diseases among those children. 【Methods】 Using field investigation method quality of hygiene investigated among pre-schools of migrant workers' children in Minhang District. Using sampling method the atmosphere, hands of staff, surface of facilities and dishware related to those pre-schools of migrant workers' children monitored . 【Results】 19 pre-schools of migrant workers' children were not legally approved by government. The total number of children exceeded 150 within those 10 pre-schools of migrant workers' children. The average numbers of children were over 40 of each class among 16 pre-schools of migrant workers' children. The ratio between staff and children was 35 to 1. There were no records of sterilizing about relevant staff among half schools sampled. The towels and dishware were misused in some schools. The qualified rate of sterilizing was 75.22%, the atmosphere was 52.63%, the hands of staff was 59.26%, the dishware was 80.00%, the surface of facilities was 91.49%. 【Conclusions】 There are weaknesses with the layout facilities, staff resources, managing systems of health. The quality of sterilizing is not good enough. It is necessary to implement prevention strategy in order to thoroughly solve those problems existed in pre-schools of migrant workers' children in Minhang District.

Analysis of health examination of the kindergarten children in urban Bao'an District Shenzhen city from 2005-2010

HUANG Mei,CHEN Wen-cai,LIN Zhi-min,ZHANG Xiao-zhen,HE Zhe,QIU Xi-qin

2011, 19(11):  1045-1048. 

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【Objects】 To master the health statutes and take the measures to improve the health level of kindergarten children in urban Bao'an district Shenzhen city. 【Method】 The 60 817 kindergarten children's health examination records from 2005-2011 were summarized. 【Results】 The male/female ratio went up then down, the qualified growing of height and weight, the qualified height and weight,vision abnormality,mental and behavior problem showed an increasing tendency (P<0.05). The rate of anemia, malnutrition, dental caries showed a decreasing tendency (P<0.05). The rate of obesity showed an increasing tendency firstly then decreasing tendency (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The physical development of the kindergarten children in urban Bao'an district is well, reducing the rates of obesity, vision abnormality and mental and behavior problem are the emphasis works in the future.

Clinical application of skin prick tests of food allergens in infants with eczema

SHAN Yan-chun, HU Qing-dong, ZHANG Cai-hong, MA Guang-yan, SONG Ji-ying

2011, 19(11):  1048-1050. 

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【Objective】 To assess the clinical application of skin prick tests of food allergens in infants with eczema. 【Methods】 170 infants aged 4~12 months suffered from eczema were involved in this study. Skin prick tests of six food allergens were analyzed. Dietary prevention were applied in infants with positive results for 8 weeks, and compared the skin symptoms. 【Results】 The overall positive rate was 69.71%. The positive rate from high to low were egg white(42.35%), egg yolk (36.47%), cow milk(27.06%), ribbon fish(18.82%),prawn(17.65%),soybean(9.41%). After 8 weeks of dietary prevention, obvious remission of the skin symptoms were found in 90.68% infants. 【Conclusions】 Most infants with eczema have food allergy. The avoidance of offending food is a effective treatment. SPT is important to diagnosis and treatment of food allergy in infants with eczema.

Assessment on the effect of the intervention on the overweight and obesity of 0~3 years old children in the community

ZHANG Qi,JIN Jian

2011, 19(11):  1050-1052. 

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【Objective】 To study the effectiveness and feasibility of the overweight and obesity interventions on 0~3 years children in the community. 【Methods】 The progress and outcome of the overweight and obesity happened on the 3 months old infant was monitored during January to December of 2007 by method of the preventative interventions conducted in the healthcare clinics of hospital system and the family behavior therapy, till they got old to 3. 【Results】 By the intervention measures, the incidence of infant overweight fell to 16.53% from 21.59% , and the incidence of obesity fell to 4.18% from 6.53%. After interventions, there was very significant difference in the incidence of children obesity compared with those before intervention (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 In a routine healthcare basis for children, the preventive intervention and family behavioral therapy can effectively prevent the incidence and progress of early childhood obesity, and also can play a guiding role of a healthy lifestyle.

Effectiveness evaluation for pre-school children with health education to reduce unintentional injuries

LI Ling, WANG Guang-yu,ZHAO Dong-mei, QU Jing-shi

2011, 19(11):  1056-1058. 

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【Objective】 In order to reduce injury, health education about preventing injury-related behaviors were carried out in preschool children, parents and teachers. 【Methods】 Own control methods were used to compare the unintentional injury rate before and after intervention. In pre-school children, 873 children were intervened. Interventional methods included designing safety courses for teachers and health education for children and parents. 【Results】 Unintentional injury rate reduced after intervention. Parents not only increased awareness of risk factors after health education, but although changed risk factors in family. The unintentional injury rate after intervention was lower than that of before. 【Conclusion】Health education are useful for reducing unintentional injuries among pre-school children.

Survey on knowledge of maternal and child health in Chaoyang district,Beijing

ZHANG Rui, CHEN Yan-yan, LUO Xiao-hang

2011, 19(11):  1058-1061. 

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【Objective】 Explore the knowledge of maternal and child health of pregnant, so as to provide evidence for improving content and form of health education and promotion. 【Method】 Making use of a questionnaire survey method,pregnant women collected as the research object who did pregnancy test and delivery in Women and Children Hospital, Chaoyang district from February to March, 2011. 【Results】 The survey pass rate was 31.0%, the pass rate of pregnant and maternal health knowledge was 57.7%, and the pass rate of newborn health knowledge was 16.6%. The pass rate of maternal was previously higher than the women's in early pregnancy. The correct rate of some health problems such as maternal specific physiological indicators of different age or infant specific knowledge of physical phenomena was lower. 【Conclusion】 According to the needs of different stages of pregnancy, through the appropriate channels and tools, we should carry out health knowledge promotion timely and effectively, so as to improve maternal and child health knowledge level of pregnant women and maternal.