Abstract: Objective To understand the status and effecting factors of preschool children among several cities in China,and to provide basis for obesity preventing. Methods Cluster sampling method was used and preschool children of 56 kindergartens in 9 project areas were selected,the information of children's birth date,birth weight,parents' education level,and effecting factors were collected,the children's height and weight were also obtained by measuring.χ² test and Logistic regression analysis were used in this study. Results A total of 11 960 cases were analyzed in this study,12.22% and 10.38% of the children were overweight and obesity,the prevalence of overweight was 12.67% in boys and 11.72% in girls,and the prevalence of obesity was 13.61% in boys and 6.82% in girls,the difference was statistically significant(χ²=157.52,P<0.001).Along with the age increased,the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys increased,the difference was statistically significant(χ²=16.10,P=0.041).Preschool children in South of the Yangtze River region had higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than those in Yangtze River basin region and North of the Yangtze River region,and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=145.24,P<0.001).Boys,children birth with overweight and cesarean delivery were the risk factors for preschool children's overweight and obesity,and the risk odds ratios were 1.53(1.40,1.68),1.92(1.62,2.29) and 1.21 (1.10,1.34) respectively. Conclusions Preschool children have high prevalence of overweight and obesity in survey areas; boys,children birth with overweight and cesarean delivery are the risk factors.Obesity preventing should be start from pregnancy.

Key words: preschool children, overweight, obesity, prevalence, effecting factor

摘要： 目的 了解学龄前儿童超重肥胖发生现状及其影响因素,为儿童肥胖干预提供数据支持。方法 采取整群抽样的方法,在9个项目地区抽取56家幼儿园,调查小班和中班学龄前儿童的出生日期、出生体重、父母文化程度、相关因素等内容,测量儿童的身高和体重。采用χ²检验和Logistic回归方法进行统计学分析。结果 11 960名学龄前儿童超重、肥胖的检出率分别为12.22%和10.38%,男童分别为12.67%和13.61%,女童分别为11.72%和6.82%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=157.52,P<0.001);随着年龄的增长,男童超重、肥胖的检出率均呈现增长趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ²=16.10,P=0.041);长江以南地区学龄前儿童超重、肥胖的检出率高于长江流域地区以及长江以北地区,地区间差异有统计学意义(χ²=145.24,P<0.001)。男童、巨大儿和剖宫产出生是儿童发生超重/肥胖的危险因素,危险度分别为1.53(1.40,1.68)、1.92(1.62,2.29)和1.21(1.10,1.34)。结论 调查地区学龄前儿童超重肥胖检出率较高,男童、巨大儿和剖宫产出生的儿童易发生超重/肥胖,预防儿童肥胖需要从孕期开始。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 超重, 肥胖, 检出率, 影响因素