Abstract: Objective To identify major factors of underweight in preschool children aged 5~6,and to provide target strategies for intervention. Methods A total of 328 preschool children aged 5~6 from ten kindergartens in Shanghai were enrolled by cluster sampling.Physical examination were performed and questionnaires were written by parents.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of physical fitness. Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that risk factors included unaccompanied breakfast behavior (OR=2.543,95%CI:1.251~5.169),fastidious about food behavior (OR=1.096,95%CI:1.096~2.800)and playing while eating (OR=1.257,95%CI:1.257~3.199); While the protective factors included chewing food well (OR=0.183,95%CI:0.049~0.680) and static activities combined with dynamic one (OR=0.800,95%CI:0.649~0.986). Conclusions Underweight in preschool children aged 5~6 Results from the combination of various factors.Bad eating behaviors play a predominant role in children's underweight.Therefore,developing health eating habits will promote physical health,reduce underweight and malnutrition in preschool children.

Key words: preschool children, underweight, influencing factors

摘要： 目的 分析5~6岁学龄前儿童低体重的影响因素,为儿童低体重的预防和干预提供科学理论基础与依据。方法 采用整群抽样对照研究的方法,对上海市10所幼儿园低体重儿童进行体格测量和家长自填式问卷调查,使用多因素Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 学龄前儿童低体重的发生主要与家庭行为、儿童饮食行为习惯有关。其中无人陪同吃早饭(OR=2.543,95%CI:1.251~5.169)、爱挑食(OR=1.096,95%CI:1.096~2.800)、边吃边玩(OR=1.257,95%CI:1.257~3.199)为学龄前儿童低体重的独立危险因素;吃饭咀嚼充分(OR=0.183,95%CI:0.049~0.680)、园外活动类型动静结合(OR=0.800,95%CI:0.649~0.986)为低体重的保护性因素。结论 5~6岁儿童低体重的发生是多种因素综合作用的结果,其中儿童不良进食行为占主要因素,培养儿童良好的用餐行为有助于改善学龄前儿童低体重,改善体质,减少营养不良情况的发生。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 低体重, 影响因素