Abstract: Objective To analyze the characteristics and changes of emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children in Shanghai during the home isolation of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic, so as to provide basis for psychological education and psychological and behavioral interventions for preschool children. Method From April 24th to 28th, 2022, a total of 2 124 children aged 3 to 6 years were selected from 17 kindergartens in Jing'an and Yangpu districts of Shanghai. The parents of children completed the Chinese version of the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results The detection rates of emotional and behavioral problems in children aged 3 to 6 years in Shanghai ranged from 3.34% to 24.81%, and the detection rate of conduct problem(12.81%) and peer problem(24.81%) increased obviously. The detection rate of peer problems and prosocial behavior of boys were higher than girls (χ²=12.577, 9.793, P<0.01). The detection rate of prosocial behavior in 3-year-old children group was higher than other age groups (χ²=11.473, P<0.05). Compared with the Shanghai norm, boys aged 4 years and girls aged 4 to 6 years had lower emotional symptoms score; boys aged 5 to 6 years and girls aged 4 to 6 years had higher conduct problems score; children aged 6 years had lower hyperactivity score; boys aged 4 to 5 years had higher peer problems score; girls aged 4 years had higher total difficulties score, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). Compared with SH2019, boys aged 4 to 5 years and girls aged 4 to 6 years had lower emotional symptoms score; children aged 4 and 6 years had higher conduct problems score; girls aged 4 years had higher hyperactivity score and children aged 5 years had lower score; children aged 4 to 6 years had higher peer problems score; children aged 5 years had higher prosocial behavior score; children aged 4 years had higher total difficulties score, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusions During the home isolation in the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022, the detection rates of emotional and behavioral problems are increasing for preschool children in Shanghai, especially for conduct problems and peer problems. Boys and younger children have higher detection rates of emotional and behavioral problems, who should be differentiated and focused when providing relevant psycho-health education and implementing psycho-behavioral interventions in the future.

Key words: prevention and control of COVID-19, home isolation, preschool children, emotional and behavioral problems

摘要： 目的 分析上海市2022年新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情居家隔离期间学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题的特点及变化,为今后开展疫情期间学龄前儿童健康心理教育及实施心理行为干预提供依据。方法 2022年4月24—28日采用整群随机抽样方法抽取上海市静安区和杨浦区17家幼儿园共2 124名学龄前儿童进行调查。采用长处与困难问卷-父母版(SDQ)收集相关信息。结果 上海市COVID-19疫情居家隔离期间3~6岁学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题检出率为3.34%~24.81%,其中品行问题和同伴交往异常率明显上升(12.81%, 24.81%)。男童同伴交往和亲社会行为异常率高于女童(χ²=12.577、9.793, P<0.01)。3岁组亲社会行为异常率高于其余组(χ²=11.473, P<0.05)。与上海常模相比,4岁男童和4~6岁女童情绪症状得分低;5~6岁男童和4~6岁女童品行问题得分高;6岁儿童多动得分低;4~5岁男童同伴交往得分高;4岁女童困难总分高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与SH2019相比,4~5岁男童和4~6岁女童情绪症状得分低;4岁和6岁儿童品行问题得分高;4岁女童多动得分高,5岁儿童多动得分低;4~6岁儿童同伴交往得分高;5岁儿童亲社会行为得分高;4岁儿童困难总分高(P<0.05)。结论 2022年上海市COVID-19疫情居家隔离期间学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题异常率较前上升,尤其是品行问题和同伴交往,其中男童和低年龄儿童的异常率更高,在今后开展相关健康心理教育及实施心理行为干预时应当加以区别和侧重。

关键词: 疫情防控, 居家隔离, 学龄前儿童, 情绪和行为问题