Abstract: Objective To analyze the sensory integration characteristics of 4- to 5-year-old preschool children while maintaining static balance, in order to provide reference for promoting the development of motor development. Methods A total of 128 preschool children were randomly selected in this study from a public kindergarten in Suzhou. Wearable sensor were worn at the center of mass(COM) position for four tests: T1 standing with eyes open, T2 standing with eyes closed, T3 standing with eyes open on a sponge pad, and T4 standing with eyes closed on a sponge pad. The angular velocity modulus(ω) of COM shaking was extracted, the Romberg quotient(RQ), vestibular Romberg quotient(VRQ), and the rate of increase in body stability when integrating different sensations were calculated. The contribution weights and sensory integration characteristics of visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular sensations to static balance were analyzed. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the differences between different gender and age groups. Results The RQ was 1.20, and the VRQ was 1.58. The contribution rates of visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular senses to body balance were approximately 9.28%, 28.19% and 62.53%, respectively. The difference in the rate of increase in body stability between integrated vision and integrated proprioception with normal vestibular perception was statistically significant(P<0.001, Cohen's d＝-1.14),while the difference in the rate of increase in body stability between integrated proprioception and vestibular perception with normal vestibular perception and integrated vision with normal proprioception was statistically significant(P<0.001, Cohen's d=2.30). The difference in the rate of increased body stability between the sum of vestibular and proprioceptive integration and the simultaneous integration of visual and proprioceptive integration was statistically significant(P<0.001, Cohen's d＝-0.86). The gender differences in RQ, VRQ, and the rate of increased body stability when integrating different sensations(P>0.05) and the difference in half year old age was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusions When preschool children aged 4 - 5 maintain static balance, the contribution of vestibular integration proprioception to body stability is greater than that of vestibular integrate vision. The contribution of vestibular and visual integrate proprioception to body stability is greater than that of vestibular and proprioception integrate vision. The sensory integration characteristics between boys and girls, as well as half year old children, are basically the same.

Key words: preschool children, static balance, sensory weight, sensory integration

摘要： 目的 分析4~5岁学龄前儿童维持静态平衡时的感觉融合特征,为促进儿童的动作发展提供依据。方法 2021年3月22—31日采用随机数字法在苏州市某公办幼儿园抽取128名学龄前儿童,将可穿戴传感器佩戴在质心(COM)位置进行4项测试:T1睁眼双脚站立、T2闭眼双脚站立、T3海绵垫上睁眼站立、T4海绵垫上闭眼站立。提取COM晃动的角速度模值(ω)计算Romberg商(RQ)、前庭Romberg商(VRQ),以及融合不同感觉时身体稳定性增加比率,分析视觉、本体觉与前庭觉对静态平衡的贡献权重、感觉融合特征,通过独立样本t检验展现性别差异、半岁龄差异。结果 RQ为1.20、VRQ为1.58,视觉、本体觉、前庭觉对身体平衡贡献比例约为9.28%、28.19%、62.53%。前庭觉正常,融合视觉与融合本体觉时身体稳定性增加比率的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001,Cohen's d＝-1.14);前庭觉、视觉正常时融合本体觉与前庭觉、本体觉正常时融合视觉身体稳定性增加比率的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001,Cohen's d=2.30);前庭觉融合视觉、前庭觉融合本体觉之和,与前庭觉同时融合视觉与本体觉身体稳定性增加比率的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001,Cohen's d＝-0.86)。不同性别与年龄组间RQ、VRQ、融合不同感觉时身体稳定性增加比率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 4~5岁学龄前儿童维持静态平衡时,前庭觉融合本体觉对身体稳定性的贡献大于前庭觉融合视觉,前庭觉与视觉融合本体觉对身体稳定性的贡献大于前庭觉与本体觉融合视觉;男女童、半岁龄儿童之间感觉融合特征基本相同。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 静态平衡, 感觉权重, 感觉融合