Table of Content

06 September 2013, Volume 21 Issue 9

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CCMD-3 and DSM-IV:a comparison of diagnostic criteria of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

LI Xue-rong,KANG Chuan-yuan,LIU Rui-xiang,DING Kai-Jing,WAN Shuai

2013, 21(9):  902-904. 

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Objective To examine the differences on diagnosing attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) between Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-IV) and Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders,Third Edition (CCMD-3). Methods 172 highly suspected ADHD patients diagnosed by senior psychiatrists and referred to psychiatric clinic were enrolled in the study,and their parents were requested to fill in two scales based on DSM-IV and CCMD-3 criteria.All these children were divided into three subtypes according to the diagnostic criteria,including Predominantly Inattentive Type(PI),Hyperactive/Impulsive Type(HI),and Combined Type(CT).Results 162 patients were conformed by the DSM-IV standard (PI=53,HI=6,CT =103),while all the patients met the CCMD-3 standard (PI=39,CT=133).The rate of CT subtype based on CCMD-3 was higher than that of DSM-IV criterion(77.3% vs 66%,P=0.023).The test based on 156 cases which both matched DSM-IV and CCMD-3 CT or PI subtypes standards showed that two scales had moderate goodness of fit on recognizing subtypes of ADHD(Kappa=0.587).Furthermore,McNemar Test also proved that the rates of subtypes of ADHD in DSM-IV were different from those of CCMD-3(P=0.00).The positive rates of items in CCMD-3 standards were higher than those of DSM-IV,and items related to learning problems had higher positive detection rates in both standards. 【Conclusions】 DSM-IV is more rigorous than CCMD-3 on diagnosing ADHD,and higher percentage of patients is clustered as CT type in CCMD-3 criterion.Attention deficit symptoms are more common than hyperactivity and impulsive symptoms in ADHD children.

The intellectual characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

CEN Chao-qun,DENG Hong-zhu,CHEN Kai-yun,LIANG Ya-yong,ZOU Xiao-bing

2013, 21(9):  905-908. 

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Objective To explore the intellectual profiles of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Chinese Edition(C-WISC) was used to examined the intelligence of 154 6~14-year-old children with ADHD diagnosed according to DSM-Ⅳ and 102 6~14-year-old typically developing children.Results The FIQ of children with ADHD was raged from 70~129,with none(0.0%)in very superior range,6(3.90%)in superior range,112(72.73%) in average range and 36(23.37%) in borderline range;The VIQ,PIQ and FIQ and scales on three Kaufman factors of children with ADHD were lower than those of typically developing children(P＜0.01);Children with ADHD had lower scales than those of typically developing children on 10 subtests out of all 11 subtests(P＜0.01);There was no statistically difference between VIQ and PIQ in both ADHD and typically developing children(P＞0.01);The proportion of VIQ-PIQ discrepancy >15 in ADHD children was not statistically different from that in typically developing children(P＞0.01);There were no statistically differences between scores on three Kaufman factors in both ADHD and typically developing children(P＞0.01). Conclusion Children with ADHD generally have lower IQ than chose of typically developing children,but they show no differences in the structure of intelligence.

Comparison of the cognitive functions of patients with two subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

WAN Shuai,KANG Chuan-yuan,LIU Rui-xiang,DING Kai-jing,LI Xue-rong,WANG Yan-jiao

2013, 21(9):  909-912. 

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Objective To investigate the cognitive function differences of predominantly inattentive subtype (PI) and combined subtype (CT) of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) patients,and provide references for clinical intervention for ADHD. Methods 171 children with ADHD were diagnosed and classified into three subtypes:PI,HI and CT according to DSM-IV criteria for ADHD.The Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC)、Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST),Continue Performance Test (CPT) and Number Cancellation Test (NCT) for Children were conducted to assess children's cognitive function.Results Compared to Patients with PI subtype,patients with CT subtype had higher scores both in arithmetic and full intelligence quotient subscales of the Chinese wechsler intelligence scale for children and in click number,error number and T score of error number of the continuous performance test(P all＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in WCST and NCT between CT and PI subtype. Conclusion Patients with CT subtype has higher general intelligence level and more impairment in response inhibition than those with PI subtype.

Study on the correlation between psychological health and marital quality of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children's parents

XUE Zhang,LIN Min

2013, 21(9):  913-915. 

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Objective To discusses the relations between the psychological health and marital quality status of the parents whose children suffer from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 【Method】 The evaluation was based on SCL-90 as well as the questionnaire of Chinese marital quality which includes 50 cases of parents whose children suffer from ADHD and 50 cases of parents whose children were normal.Results Scores of SCL-90 in parents whose children suffer from ADHD were noticeably higher than those parents with normal children.Whereas in terms of questionnaire of the Chinese marital quality,scores of the former were remarkably lower than the latter.A negative correlation was existed between the total scores and part dimension of psychological health and marital quality status of the parents whose children suffer from ADHD. Conclusion The total scores of psychological health and marital quality status of parents whose children suffer from ADHD is remarkably lower than the normal parents.

Application of the Chinese version of Parent Behavior Inventory

JIA Shou-mei,WANG Ling,TAN Hui,WANG Xiao,SHI Ying-juan,LI Ping

2013, 21(9):  916-919. 

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Objective To evaluate the validity and reliability of Chinese version of Parent Behavior Inventory (PBI) among parents of preschool children. Methods PBI was translated and administered with Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) in the investigation of parents of 148 preschool children in Shanghai.Validities and reliabilities of PBI were evaluated using standard psychometric analyses.Results Each item of Chinese version of PBI was significantly correlated with the subscale it belongs to (P<0.01).The supportive/engaged subscale of PBI was correlated with the cohesion,expressiveness,intellectual-cultural orientation,active-recreational orientation,organization,and control dimensions of FES-CV,while the hostile/coercive subscale of PBI was correlated with the conflict dimension of FES-CV.The construct validity was also confirmed by factor analysis with 55.698% variance explained by two factors.Cronbach's alpha coefficients of PBI and its subscales of supportive/engaged and hostile/coercive were 0.672,0.807 and 0.652 respectively.The test-retest reliability coefficients of supportive/engaged subscale and hostile/coercive subscale were 0.964 (P<0.01) and 0.986 (P<0.01). 【Conclusions】 Chinese version of PBI has acceptable validities and reliabilities in the parents of preschool children in Shanghai,and some items may need to be revised according to the Chinese culture so as to be applied in further related studies.

Study on the resilience of the left-behind children in minority nationality regions in Yunnan province

DONG Ze-song,ZHANG Da-jun

2013, 21(9):  920-922. 

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Objective To research the resilience of left-behind children in minority nationality regions in Yunnan Province and to discuss the related influence factors. 【Method】 The Resilience Scale and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ,Children's Version) were used on 713 left-behind children.Results The scores of the left-behind children in positive thinking,family support and total scores of resilience were less than the non left-behind children(P<0.05).And through multiple regression analysis,there were 4 factors correlated with the resilience of the left-behind children including mother education level,egression of parents,the time about egression of parents,neuroticism. Conclusion These factors including mother education,egression of parents,the time about egression of parents and neuroticism make a difference to the resilience of left-behind children,and we should pay attention to these factors in advancing the resilience of left-behind children in minority nationality regions.

Status and relationship investigation of resilience and sense of security with left-home-kids

XU Li-ping,TIAN Zong-yuan,KUANG Hong-da

2013, 21(9):  923-925. 

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Objective To investigate the status and relationship of resilience and sense of security in left-behind students. 【Method】 A total of 267 left-home-kids and 644 non-left-home-kids was investigated with resilience scale and sense of security scale.Results There existed significant differences between left-home-kids and non-left-home-kids in every elements of sense of security and target concentration,emotional control,positive cognitive and personal assistance of resilience(P<0.05);There also existed significant differences in gender of left-home-kids in target concentration and positive cognitive(P<0.05);Sense of security and every part of them in left-home-kids had positive correlations with their resilience (r=0.123~0.397,all P<0.05).Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the ego and support power in the resilience of left-home-kids had remarkable regression effects in terms of the sense of security (the numerical of Beta were between 0.121 and 0.440). 【conclusions】 The condition of the left-home-kids in resilience and sense of security are not optimistic in the area of Zunyi.Besides,increasing the resilience of left-home-kids is helpful to improve their status quo of sense of security.

Study on visual cognitive characteristics in children with learning disability

ZHANG Kai-feng,XU Xiu,LIU Jing,YAN Dong-yong

2013, 21(9):  926-928. 

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Objective To explore the visual cognitive characteristics in children with learning disability(LD). Methods Participants included 42 children with LD and 37 control cases.All children had accepted WISC-R,the ability of visual distinguish,visual-motor integration test and were tested by PRVEP at five levels of spatial frequency.Results The mean scores of VIQ,PIQ and FIQ of children with LD were poorer than those of controls(P<0.01).Moreover,the poor ability of coding in children with LD had significantly 37% difference with the control.The mean scores of VMI in LD group and controls were 93±16,115±16,respectively.The visual distinguish error rate of LD group was greater than that of controls(P<0.001).The latencies of P100 at all five spatial frequencies were significantly prolonged in the LD group than in the normal children. Conclusion LD children with average cognition capability still have poorer visual perception compared with the normal children.Detection specific visual perceptual in many aspects in children with LD could provide specific rehabilitative strategies.

Comparative study of speech respiratory functions and diadochokinetic rate between children with functional articulation disorder and normal children

LIU Wen-long,JIANG Rui-fen,LIU Xue-fang

2013, 21(9):  929-930. 

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Objective To explore the difference of speech respiratory functions and diadochokinetic rate between children with functional articulation disorder (FAD) and normal children and provide treatment evidence for the speech therapy. Methods 30 children with FAD were chosen as object of study and were assessed by Chinese Articulation Abilities Test.Their speech respiratory functions and diadochokinetic rates were assessed at the same time.30 normal children were chosen as control group based on sex and age. 【Result】 The abnormal rates of speech respiratory functions and diadochokinetic rate of children with FAD were higher than that of normal children and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 Speech respiratory functions and diadochokinetic rate of children with FAD are abnormal and need to be strengthened during the speech therapy.

Family environment of children with hyperphenylalanenimia and the psychological condition of their mothers

DU Wei,KUANG Gui-fang,SUN Cai-xia,ZHANG Li-qin,ZHAO Cai-hong

2013, 21(9):  931-934. 

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Objective To analysis the family environment of children with hyperphenylalanenimia (HPA) and the psychological condition of their mothers,and seek better treatment options. Methods 39 children with hyperphenylalanenimia detected by neonatal screening in Qingdao were compared to 57 matched children.Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version(FES-CV) and Symptom Check List-90(SCL-90) were used to investigate the related factors of the two groups.Results 1)The conflict scores of FES-CV in HPA children were higher than those in controls while the scores of ethical-religion were lower than those in controls (P<0.05).The children with HPA was significantly higher than the control group in the organization scores (P<0.01).2)In the comparison of SCL-90 of the mothers,the scores of total score,total average marks,positive symptom item number,somatization,interpersonal relationships,depression and psychiatric factor in HPA children were higher than the controls,while the scores of negative symptom item number were lower than the controls (P<0.05).The children with HPA was significantly higher than the control group in compulsive symptoms(P<0.01).3)There was no significant differences in FES-CV and SCL-90 between HPA children with different compliance (P>0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of HPA children,psychological intervention to HPA children and their mothers could help to improve the therapeutic effect of the HPA children.

Underlying factors and behavioral implications of childhood masturbation

KONG Han-jun,CHU Bing-gen,MENG Xiang-guang

2013, 21(9):  935-937. 

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Objective To investigate underlying factors,exacerbating factors,clinical manifestations,and videotaping feasibility in Chinese childhood masturbation (CM) children and study behavioral implications of CM in children over 6 years of age. Methods 89 CM cases were collected by phone calls and a specially designed form for parents;Achenhach Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)was used to assess behavioral implications of CM in 21 female cases over 6 years of age.SPSS 17.0 software was applied to analyze the results.Results 1)70.79% of CM were seen in children lying on the bed before falling asleep,and there were varying degrees similar to adult orgasm,67.21% of children over 3 years of age described the experience as being pleasant.2)The underlying factors/ exacerbating factors of CM were various,65.71% was lack of affective care from parents,such as less parents' time with child,lack of body touch/warmly affective contact from parents.46.07% of CM were induced by perineal irritation.3) 73.03% of parents did not agree with videotaping CM events of their children.4)the behavioral problems disclosed by CBCL in CM female cases over 6 years of age (24.38±14.32) were not significant different from control (20.76±15.3). Conclusion CM is similar to adult masturbation,and to some degree with adult orgasm.Lack of affective care from parents was probably the most outstanding among the underlying factors/exacerbating factors of CM.The implication of videotape for the diagnosis of CM is limited in China,as majority of parents do not accept.Behavioral problems in CM female children over 6 years of age are not prominent.

Study on the situation of internet use and internet addiction disorder among middle school students in Shanghai

ZHU Qian-qian,LIAN Qi-guo,ZUO Xia-yun,YU Chun-yan,WANG Zi-liang,LOU Chao-hua

2013, 21(9):  938-941. 

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Objective To investigate the situation of internet use and internet addiction disorder among middle school students in Shanghai. Methods 264 middle school students were selected randomly and anonymous electronic questionnaire survey was conducted.Results The prevalence of net surfing in middle school students was 92.0%,88.2% of students from junior middle school and 96.0% of students from high school were internet users.The prevalence of internet users were 92.8%(female) and 91.0%(male) by gender.10.4% of the internet users met the criteria of internet addiction disorder.Compared with 7.5% of students from junior middle school,13.3% of students from high school was adolescents with internet addiction disorder.By gender,13.5% of male students and 7.8% of female students were internet addiction disorder;the differences were not significant statistically (P>0.05).The percentage of junior school students who started to surf the internet in primary school was higher than senior school students.The top three intentions of net surfing of middle school students were browsing the web/forum/video,chatting,surfing the social networking sites/micro blogs.More than half of the respondents thought internet surfing had no influence on the life.Internet addiction disorder was associated with the frequency and sites of surfing the internet,the accumulated time that surfing the internet weekly. Conclusion The prevalence of internet is high among middle school students,the situation of internet addiction disorder should be concerned and preventive measures should be taken to help students use internet reasonably.

Effects of sodium valproate on Homer1a and mGluR5 expression in hippocampal tissue of epileptic rats

SUN Yun-xiao,RAN Huan-ying,JIA Xiu-hong,WANG Jian-ming,LI You-jie

2013, 21(9):  942-944. 

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Objective To study the effects of sodium valproate(VPA )on homer1a and mGluR5 expression in Hippocampal tissue of epileptic rats. Methods SD rats were divided into normal control(NC) group,pentetrazole (PTZ) group and VPA group.PTZ was intraperitoneally injected once every 48 h.Fully kindled rats of VPA group were injected with VPA[15mg/(kg·d)],while the rats of PTZ group were injected with normal saline.After 30 minutes,seizures were induced with the same dose of PTZ.Realtime-PCR was performed to examine the mRNA expression of Homer1a and mGluR5,Western-blot was used to detect the protein expression of them.Results 1)The rats of NC group had no seizure activity;those of VPA group showed slighter seizure activity than PTZ group.2)The expression level of Homer1a increased from 8 h after the last seizure,and decreased to the normal level 24 h later;the level of both them in VPA group increased in 8 h and 24 h after the last seizure.3)The level of mGluR5 in 8 h after the last seizure had no signifitant difference compared to NC group.mGluR5 expression was upregulated in 24 h after seizure and was downregulated in VPA group. 【Conclution】 1)VPA can alleviate the degree of seizure.2)Homer1a can increase transiently in early phase of epileptogenesis,mGluR5 can be upregulated in recovery phase.3)VPA may affect the expression of mGluR5 by regulating Homer1a for anti-epileptogenesis.

Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in hyperoxic lung injury of neonatal rats

LI Yin-fang,ZHANG-Li

2013, 21(9):  945-949. 

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Objective To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in hyperoxia induced lung injury in newborn rats and to observe the interfering effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on it. Methods A total of 96 clean Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats which were less than 12 hours old were enroled in this study.The neonatal rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:Ⅰ:air-exposedcontrol group;Ⅱ:air-exposed+TMP-treated group;Ⅲ:hyperoxia-exposed control group;Ⅳ:hyperoxia-exposed+TMP-treated group.The rats were sacrificed at postnatal days 3,7,14 ( 8 rats each time point) and their lungs were collected.the lung histophatholoical changes were observed by HE staining;The protein expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were performed by immunostaining.Capillary density was quantified by measuring the area of PECAM-1 immunostaining in proportion to the total area of parenchymal cells.Results At 3 d,7 d,14 d of the exposure,group Ⅲ(treatment of hyperoxia-exposed rats) resulted in a significant decrease in RAC and Capillary density.The expressions of VEGF and CD-31 protein after 3,7,14 days of hyperoxia exposure decreased significantly in the group Ⅲ compared with group Ⅰ、Ⅱand Ⅳ(P<0.05).Lung pathologic changes (RAC and Capillary density )and the expression of VEGF and CD-31in group Ⅳwere similar to those in group ⅠandⅡ (P>0.05). Conclusion Hyperoxia exposure inhibited the expression of lung VEGF in neonatal rats.Treatment with TMP during hyperoxia exposure is associated with improved alveolar structure.the potential mechanism might be that TMP can up regulates the expressions of VEGF in lung tissue.

Control study on methylphenidate treatment in epilepsy comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

LIU Ling,CHEN Yan-Hui,LIN Gui-xiu

2013, 21(9):  966-968. 

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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of methylphenidate treatment in epilepsy comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children in the disorder in children medication. Methods From our hospital specialist outpatients pediatric neurologist,58 cases of children epilepsy comorbid ADHD were collected and divided groups according to the type of epilepsy and whether taking methylphenidate .After 3 months of treatment .Electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormality rate change value,changes in seizure frequency and improvement of ADHD symptoms among the groups.Results After three months' treatment,between the groups of the same type of seizures were compared,EEG abnormality rate and the reduced value of seizure frequency were no statistical differences(P>0.05).Comparison of SNAP-IV scale scores in not taking methylphenidate groups before and after treatment was no statistical difference (P>0.05),while taking methylphenidate groups' SNAP-IV score was significantly decreased after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion The study do not find the phenomenon that methylphenidate could aggravate epilepsy condition.Giving methylphenidate to epilepsy comorbid ADHD children is effective to improve the symptoms of hyperactivity impulsivity.

Research on perspective adaptation and resilience of the left-behind students in Jilin province

JIN Ying-hua,LIU Zhong-xue,JIN Gui-hua,GU-Yan,CUI Wen-xiang

2013, 21(9):  969-971. 

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Objectives To compare the perspective adaptation and resilience of the left-behind students and non left-behind students.Analyze the influencing the factors and investigate the relationship between perspective adaptation and resilience about the left-behind students,in order to provide some effective references in promoting the physical and mental health of left-behind students. 【Method】 1 483 students who were in junior high schools in four cities of Jilin province were investigated by using the Adolescents Prospective Adaptation and Resilience questionnaires.Results Left-behind students accounted for 55.6% of the survey;Left-behind students prospective adaptation score was 58.80±6.51;and the psychological resilience was 99.59±17.65;the perspective adaptation and resilience of the left-behind students was in the above medium level;there was no signification in the perspective adaptation and resilience between the left-behind students and non left-behind students;the factors which influence the perspective adaptation of the left-behind students were residence,the educational background of parents,the type of parents' being out,the frequency contacted between parents and children,guardians' type,educational background of guardians,parent-child relationships,teacher-student relationships,fellowship,learning achievement; the total scores between the perspective adaptation of the left-behind students and its psychological resilience were positively correlated with resilience(r=0.506,P＜0.01).the study prospective and psychological resilience of the left-behind students (r=0.494) was the same as development perspective and psychological resilience of the left-behind students(r=0.432),they all almost had significant positive correlations(P all<0.01). Conclusion We should start from the perspective in positive psychology and focus on training their residence to improve their ability to cope with all kinds of life pressure,and to promote the physical and mental health of the left-behind students for better adaptation and development.

Experimental study on psychological intervention of mental health among prisoners' minor children

GUO Xin,YANG Mei-rongLU Yue-ying,GENG Tong-yao,ZHANG Xiao-na

2013, 21(9):  972-973. 

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Objective To explore the effect of psychological intervention on improving the mental health level of the prisoners' minor children,and provide a theoretical basis for the school mental health education. Methods The 31 prisoners' minor children were asked to fill out a questionnaire survey by Mental Health Test(MHT).The research objects were divided into experiment group and reference group,and the experimental group was given an eight-week psychological interventions.Results 1)Among the prisoners' minor children,the detection rate of psychological problem was 38.7%,the sequence of the detection rate was learning anxiety(67.7%),physical symptoms(45.2%),self-accusation tendency(41.9%),allergic tendency(22.6%),terror tendency (16.1%),the anxiety on human(6.5%),impulsive tendency(6.5%).2)There was significant difference between the experimental group and the reference group before and after intervention(t=6.727,P<0.001). 【Conclusions】 The level of mental health of the prisoners' minor children is poor,and the outstanding problems are learning anxiety,physical symptoms and self-accusation tendency.The psychological intervention can significantly improve the mental health level of the prisoners' minor children.

Related factors and the current situation of mental health among high school seniors in Henan province

ZHANG Huan

2013, 21(9):  974-976. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of mental health of high school seniors and the relationships between mental health and parenting style,peer relationship,teacher-child relations. Methods A total of 600 high school seniors in He'nan was surveyed by symptom cleck list-90(SCL-90),Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran(EMBU),the Scales of teacher-child relationship satisfaction and peer relationship satisfaction.Results 1)The detection rate of mental health problems of students senior 3 was serious(X≥3).2)There were negative correlations between positive parenting style,teachers' expectation,support,care,encouragement,satisfaction of peer relationship and each factor of SCL 90(P all＜0.05).3)Satisfaction of peer relationship had the most influence on high school seniors' mental health(6.5%),then was the satisfaction of teacher-child relationship(3.5%) and the mothering pattern(2.1%); at the same time the satisfaction of teacher-child relationship affected mental health through satisfaction of peer relationship. 【Conclusions】 The mental health level of high school seniors is low.The satisfaction of peer relationship,the satisfaction of teacher-child relationship and the mothering pattern predict mental health significantly(10.9%).

Study on applied temperament difficulty index screen behavior problem in preschool children

ZHANG Yong-ming,GUAN Hong-yan

2013, 21(9):  977-979. 

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Objective To investigate the behavior problem in preschool children using applied temperament difficulty index and provide a appropriate tools for the development of prevention and intervention measures. 【Method】 600 preschool children were surveyed using Carey Preschool Temperament Questionnaire and Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist for Parents,in Xicheng district of Beijing.Results The prevalence of preschool children with behavior problems was 37.4%,with 40.5% in boys and 33.1% in girls.There were significant gender differences in behavior subscale,the boys showed higher anxiety/depression,withdrawal,inattention,social problems,aggressive behavior(all P＜0.05).The temperament difficulty index had significantly positive correlation with child behavior problems scores(P≤0.001).Temperament difficulty index could be one of screening methods for childhood behavior problems,with the specificity of 97.2%. 【Conclusions】 The prevalence of behavior problems in preschool children is quite high.The negative temperament traits is significantly correlated with child behavior problems.Temperament difficulty index might be a good and suitable screening method for childhood behavior problems.

Intelligence level and structure in children with febrile seizures

SHI Bing-xin,ZHAO Ya-ru,TAN Ying-hua,JIANG Shu-ping

2013, 21(9):  980-982. 

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Objective To explore the characteristics of the intelligence level and structure in school-aged children with a history of febrile seizures (FS). Methods Thirty children with a history of simple febrile seizures (SFS),30 children with a history of complex febrile seizures (CFS) and 34 children without a history of FS were assessed using China Wechsler Intelligence Scale of Children(C-WISC).The scores among groups were compared.Results The full intelligence quotient (FIQ),verbal IQ (VIQ) and performance IQ (PIQ) in the SFS and CFS group were in normal ranges and did not different from the normal group.There were significant differences in the scores for coding,similarities and M /C factor between the CFS group and normal group (F=3.169,2.967,3.082,P<0.05).There was significantly different in balancing tests of three groups (χ²=4.099,6.461,P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 It is normal in the total intelligence level of FS children,but there are imbalances in the intelligence structure.The M /C factor of CFS children have some defects and CFS children might be brain dysfunction associated with memory and attention.

Analysis of migrant children's family environment character

MU Jun,BAI Chun-yu,ZHANG Di

2013, 21(9):  983-984. 

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Objective To study migrant children's family environment character,in order to provide scientific basis for migrant children's mental intervene. 【Method】 By using cluster sampling method,1 881 children from 4 migrant children's schools and 2 council schools in Shenyang were surveyed with Family Environment Scale-CV (FES-CV) questionnaires.Results There were differences between the family environment of migrant children and resident children.The cohesion and intellectual-cultural orientation factor scores in migrant children were significantly lower than those in resident children(P<0.01).The conflict factor score in migrant children was significantly higher than that in resident children(P<0.01).The infant family environments in migrant children were higher than that in resident children (P<0.01). Conclusion The family environment of migrant children is worse and in need of improvement.

Investigation and analysis of depression status of pupils in Zhenjiang city

CHANG Xian-lu,WANG Hua-yun,ZHANG Yan

2013, 21(9):  985-986. 

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Objective To explore epidemiologic features and related factors of depression among pupils in Zhenjiang. Methods 749 urban and rural primary school students selected with stratified cluster sampling method were investigated with the self-made measurement and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC).Results The total detected rate of depression was 4.41%,the detected rate of boys was 2.14% and 2.27% in girls respectively.The difference of detected rates between boys and girls was not significant (P>0.05),and there was no gender difference in urban and rural area (P>0.05).Single factor analysis displayed that mother's culture,mother's occupation,child's caregiver,maltreatment and sleep quality were related to pupils depression,and multiple stepwise regression analysis found that mother's culture,child maltreatment and children sleep quality were significantly related to depression. Conclusion Pupils depression is a common kind of mood disorders,low education of mother,maltreatment and lack of sleep are risk factors of depression in pupils.

Correlation between psychosomatic symptoms in asthmatic children's mothers and parental rearing patterns

WANG Li-hua,GUO Qing-hui,LI Zhao-xia,MA Yu,WANG Yu-long

2013, 21(9):  987-989. 

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Objective To explore the correlation between psychosomatic symptoms in asthmatic children' s mothers and parental rearing patterns. Methods Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran(EMBU) was applied to 50 asthmatic children and 31 healthy children.State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI-form Y),Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were applied to their mothers.Results The scores of state anxiety,trait anxiety,depression in asthmatic children's mothers were significantly higher than in healthy children's mothers (P all<0.01).The parental rearing patterns between asthmatic children and healthy children were almost the same.The asthmatic children's mothers with lower educational degree had stronger tendency of punishment and sternness.The asthmatic children's fathers with higher educational degree had stronger tendency of excessive interference.The state anxiety and trait anxiety in asthmatic children's mothers were negatively related to emotional warmth and understanding (mother and father).Depression in asthmatic children's mothers was negatively related to emotional warmth and understanding (father). Conclusion Pediatricians should pay attention to psychological help and support of asthmatic children's mothers,improving parental rearing patterns and the life's quality of children and their mothers.

Survey and analysis on preschool children's dietary behavior habit and nutritional intake in Lixia district

HU Qiong-wei,XU Ling-zhong,YU Hong-xia,ZHANG Dan,TANG Hao,GAO Ting-ting

2013, 21(9):  992-995. 

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Objective To know preschool children's dietary habits and dietary behaviors and provide scientific evidence for the early intervention. 【Method】 The investigation was based on a sample of 600 preschool children from 4 kindergartens in Lixia district by using the random cluster sampling method and self designed questionnaire.Results The checking rate of children who had dietary habit or dietary behavior problems was 98.8%.Fast food (66.0%),watching TV when having meals (57.1%),picking food (56.4%) and eating too much (32.1%) were four main bad eating behaviors. Conclusion Close attention should be paied to preschool children's health and help them form the right dietary habits.Behavioral intervention should be adopted based on different features of preschool children.

Investigation on the family environment influence factors about the eating behavior problems of children aged 1 to 5 years old in Shenyang city

LI Jing,HUANG Yan-hong,DONG Ying,CAO Chun-lan,LI Li-li,ZHANG Xue-jiao,DONG Shuang,NI Jia,MA Hui,JIN Xing-ming

2013, 21(9):  995-997. 

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Object To investigate the family environment influence factors about the eating behavior problems of children aged 1 to 5 years old in Shenyang,and provide the scientific evidence for drawing up effectually intervening measure. 【Method】 1 594 healthy children in eight communities and four kindergartens were randomly selected with the method of multiple stage,and analyzed by single factor and multifactor analytical method.Results Logistic regression model analysis showed that language encourages and fixed dining table and using bib were these protective factors for the eating behavior problems of children,and the father's low qualifications was the risk factor. Conclusion The health education of parents should be enhanced about family environment influencing factors for children's eating behavior problems,especially the father,science philosophy of parents should improve and explore effective interventions.

Analysis of neuropsychological development on the overweight and obesity in 12 months old infants

XIONG Shu-ying,HUANG Xu-li,ZHONG Sai-ru

2013, 21(9):  998-1000. 

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Objective To explore the effect of overweight and obesity in 12 months old infants on the development of neuropsychology,and provide theory basis for precaution and intervention. Methods Neuropsychological development of 88 overweight and obese infants aged 12 months and 88 normal weight infants were assessed with Developmental Screening Test for children under six (DST),an intellectual developmental screening test developed by Pediatric Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai,and the differences of developmental quotient(DQ),exercise capacity,social adaptation,intelligence were compared between two groups.Results 1)The proportion of suspicious and abnormal values of DQ in the overweight and obese infants were higher than those of normal weight,and more than 100 was lower than those of normal weight(P<0.05).2)The values of the exercise capacity,social adaptation and DQ in the overweight and obese infants were lower than those of normal weight(P<0.05). Conclusion There are shortcomings in neuropsychological development on the overweight and obesity in infants aged 12 months old.

Intervention study of group psychological counseling on mental health of left-behind children

LIU Xia,ZHANG Yue-bing,SONG Ai-qin,LIANG Ya-jun,ZHAI Jing-hua,LI Yin-long

2013, 21(9):  1001-1003. 

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Objective To implement an intervention on the psychological health of junior middle school students left-behind,to evaluate the effects of intervention,and finally explore the appropriate intervention to improve their psychological health. Methods 1 705 middle school students were selected as the participants through a multi-level sampling method.Mental Health Test (MHT) was used to investigate the psychological health of the participants.group psychological counseling was conducted as an intervention of psychological health for the students.Results 1)There were 546 left-behind students (32.0%) among 1 705 junior middle school students.2)Compared to those not left-behind,the left-behind students had higher score of six simple factors (including learning anxiety,anxiety,loneliness tendencies,physical symptoms,terrorist tendencies and self-blame orientation) and total anxiety tend (P<0.001 to 0.034).3)Results from the repeated measurement data analysis showed that there were interactions between time and treatment factors,eg.,learning anxiety,anxiety,lonely tendency,allergic tendencies and the terrorist tendencies.There were significant differences between two groups on all factors except for physical symptoms. Conclusion Compared to their counterparts,left-behind students had worse psychological health,which can be improved by group counseling.

Analysis on psychological development result of children by applying M-CHAT provision

YAO Yi,LI Yun,ZHANG Ying,ZHANG Yue

2013, 21(9):  1004-1006. 

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Objective To analyze necessity of applying for Modified checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) provision during the primary health care for children,so as to figure out the children with psychology problem at the very early age. Methods As to quantitative research,a total of 84 screen-positive children parents were surveyed relied on the questionnaire,moreover the results of the diagnosis relating to children psychology problems were obtained;Meanwhile,a total of 84 screen-negative children were paired,and their parents were invited to participate simultaneously the relationship,exploried between the effectiveness of M-CHAT during the primary child health care services. 【Result】 There was significant difference of the prevalence rate of autism between the screen-positive and screen-nogitive groups (P<0.05). Conclusion M-CHAT has certainly dinical meaning for community children healthcare.