Table of Content

06 April 2011, Volume 19 Issue 4

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Determation of NTproCNP of the mark of bone growth in idiopathic central precocious puberty

YAN Xue, ZHANG Ya-nan, PI Ya-lei, ZHANG Hui-feng

2011, 19(4):  303-305. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (474KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To explore the features of plasma NTproCNP and the relationship during NTproCNP, IGF-I and estrogen in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty. 【Methods】 A total of 16 cases of girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP) were set as ICPP group, while the control group involved 16 healthy girls with age matched. Physical detection indices such as height, body weight and bone age were determined. The bone age was measured with TW2 method, through evaluating the ossification center of the left hand and wrist. Plasma NTproCNP and IGF-I were measured by ELISA, while estrogen(E2) was determined by chemoluminescence assay. 【Results】 In both the control group and ICPP group, plasma NTproCNP levels were(18.92±8.62) pmol/mL and 21.74(13.12)pmol/mL, respectively(Z=2.34,P<0.05). The serum IGF-I levels were(522.41±228.33) ng/mL and(867.50±318.15) ng/mL, respectively(t=3.59,P<0.05). The serum estrogen levels were 19.00(4.5) pg/mL and(37.19± 16.08) pg/mL, respectively(Z=2.58,P<0.05). In both ICPP group and control group, plasma NTproCNP level had no correlation with neither age nor bone age; moreover, plasma NTproCNP had no correlation with IGF-I; no correlation was found between NTproCNP, IGF-I and estrogen. 【Conclusion】 The plasma NTproCNP level is significant rising in the girls of ICPP.

Introduction of time to start adding complementary food among community children aged 0~3 years

YANG Hui-min, XIAO Feng, LI Rui-li, ZHENG Xiao-guo, CUI Ming-ming, YIN Tao, CHEN Bo-wen

2011, 19(4):  306-308. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (440KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To describe time to start adding complementary food among community children aged 0~3 years and its influencing factors. 【Methods】 Family as the basic unit of investigation, multi-stage sampling was taken; 618 families with children aged 0~3 years were interviewed with self-designed questionnaire in seven pilot units. And then χ² test and Logistic regression were employed to analysis the influencing factors of time to start adding complementary food. 【Results】 In the total 618 parents, the number of parents whose response was "6 months" or "4~6 months" were 135(21.84%) and 407(65.86%) respectively; Major risks of start adding complementary at 4~6 months were low income, low education level and not participated in child health care system. 【Conclusions】 Appropriate technology advocated starting complementary feeding after 6-month-age, however most community children started complementary feeding at 4~6 months. So, education of starting complementary feeding after 6-month-age needed to be strengthened.

Epidemiologic survey of obesity in 1 320 children of Shanghai

ZHU Mei-hong, HUA Jing, GUO Yun-qin, ZHANG Xian, ZHANG Bin, WU Mei-qin, ZHANG Xiao-yan, SHI Wei, WU Zhuo-chun

2011, 19(4):  309-312. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (560KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To examine the epidemic of children's obesity in some areas of Shanghai and the relationship between demographic characteristics and children's obesity so as to provide the clues for preventing the obesity. 【Methods】 1 350 children from ten kindergartens were selected randomly from Hongkou district, Putuo and Pudong in Shanghai. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the children's weight, height, and parenting characteristics, and so on. Children's height and weight came from the data of physical check in June, 2009. The relationships between demographic characteristics and children's obesity were analyzed with χ² test and multivariable logistic regression. 【Results】 The data showed that the rates of obesity and over-weight were 10.5% and 14.0% respectively. The place of registered residence, father's BMI, mother's BMI, children from only child family, and family structure were associated with obesity when other variables were not controlled. The father's BMI, mother's BMI, and family structure were associated with obesity when other variables were considered. 【Conclusions】 The rate of obesity and overweight in Shanghai is similar to that in developed countries. The main influence factor of child obesity in Shanghai is highly parents' BMI and nuclear family.

Survey on the ultrasonic bone mineral density of children under 15 years in the eight cities of China, 2008

GU Gui-xiong, CHEN Yan, HUA Jing, DAI Yao-hua

2011, 19(4):  313-317. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (750KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To examine the status and the growth pattern of the ultrasonic bone mineral density and to set up normal database of the children under 15 years in China for child health care, pediatrics clinical and scientific research. 【Methods】 With the cluster sampling in Zhuhai, Kunming, Chenzhou, Suzhou, Anqing, Yangzhou, Chengdu and Shenyang city, 29 276 healthy children, among them 15 411 boys and 13 865 girls, aged from 1 month to 15 years old, divided into 12 age groups, were investigated, filled in the questionnaire, measured the weight and height conventional, assayed the bone mineral density at the middle tibia ahead side in the left curs with the ultrasonic bone analyzer of "Hongyang 1000-C model" made in China. 【Results】 The data indicated that 1)the Ultrasonic BMD value was the lowest in the groups from 1 month to just 6 months, then gradually increased with the age increase, and reached the maximum from 12 to 15 years; 2)the bone mineral density was not significant difference between boys and girls(t=0.824,P>0.05); 3)the BMD value was increased gradually with weight increase and gained quickly when weight in the 16 kg, then gained slowly when weight out the 16 kg; 4)the BMD value was increased gradually with height increase and gained slowly when height in the 75 cm, but the increase quickly when the height from 75 cm to 120 cm, then the increase slightly slower; 5)the predictor formula of the BMD chief component in the every aged groups were as follow, 1)the BMD value=2 954.69×(months-4.91)×(weight+1.52)×height for infant age; 2)the BMD value=2 901.90×(age-20.86)×(weight+5.41)×height for toddle's age; 3)3 136.91×(age-21)×(weight+4.39)×height for preschool age; 4)3 480.06×(age-1.05)×(weight+0.61)×height for school age and adolescence. 【Conclusions】 The ultrasonic BMD value and the correlation coefficient with the age, weight and height of normal children under 15 years in different age groups in the data can be referenced clinically.

Survey on growth and anemia of students in primary school for children of migrant workers in Minhang district, Shanghai

WANG Zheng-yuan, ZHANG Xin-yi, SUN Jian-qin, CHEN Yan-qiu, ZONG Min, CHEN Yu-hua, PIAO Jian-hua, HUANG Zhen-wu

2011, 19(4):  318-320. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (463KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To evaluate the growth situation and the prevalence of anemia of students in primary school for children of migrant workers in Minhang district, Shanghai and the dietary nutrients status of anemic students, to provide evidence for anemia prevention and intervention among migrant workers' children. 【Methods】 By random sampling, two primary schools for children of migrant workers including 2 513 students aged 6 to 13 were selected from Shanghai. Their height and weight were measured. 60% of students diagnosed with anemia were investigated on 24-hour dietary survey of three consecutive days. 【Results】 Girls were at higher risk for underweight(OR=1.49) and boys were at higher risk for overweight(OR=5.53). The prevalence of anemia was 10.3%. Height, BMI and age showed positive correlation with the value of Hb(r=0.204、0.346、0.440,P<0.05). The anemic children were at higher risk for stunting(OR=1.76) and underweight(OR=1.78). The proportion of the ratio of calcium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C intakes under the 60％AI or RNI for subjects were 72.1%, 48.3%, 45.6%and 32.7% respectively. 【Conclusions】 The anemia of migrant workers' children is a high prevalence, anemia can affect growth and development. For the anemic students, intakes of energy and nutrients are not enough and the dietary pattern is unreasonable.Improving nutritional status is the key to prevent anemia and promote growth.

Feasibility study of neonatal mortality auditing in health facilities

HAO Bo, ZHAO Geng-li, FENG Qi, ZHANG Xiao-wei, CAO Bin

2011, 19(4):  321-323. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (434KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To explore the feasibility of Regulation of Neonatal Mortality Auditing(RNMA)for reducing neonatal mortality rate. 【Method】 5 provinces, 5 prefectures and 12 counties were selected to implement a pilot test to implement RNMA from May to December in 2008. 【Results】 Most areas were able to complete auditing, and the process was found to identify professional and management problems during the treatment process and correct erroneous judgments about the cause of neonatal deaths. Through auditing, skills of professional staff were improved, and management staff could identify some of the issues related management of neonatal treatment. 【Conclusion】 All participants thought Neonatal Mortality Auditing in health facilities was easy to operate and implement, and would be feasible in different development areas.

Analysis of amino acids in the serum of children troubled with simple obesity

SONG Wen-qi, LI Shi-lian, ZHANG Mei-he, ZHOU Min, XU Xi-wei, LI Qi-liang

2011, 19(4):  324-327. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (604KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To provide scientific evidence for clinic to treating the children with simple obesity by studying the distributions of 17 amino acids in the serum and researching the relation between the levels of amino acids and simple obesity. 【Methods】 The levels of 17 amino acids of 78 patients and 40 healthy children were detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). 17 amino acids included Thr, Val, Ile, Leu, Phe, Lys, His, Arg, Asp, Glu, Ala, Pro, Ser, Tyr, Met, Cys, Gly. Fasting plasma glucoses(FPG) and Fasting insulins(FINS) were detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay. HOMA-IR were calculated. The relations between 17 amino acids and FINS, FPG, HOMA-I were analyzed. 【Results】 There were serious unbalance of the distributions of 17 amino acids in the serum of patients. The levels of Met, Cys, Gly were obviously lower than those of control group(P<0.05). The levels of 14 amino acids(Thr, Val, Ile, Leu, Phe, Lys, His, Arg, Asp, Glu, Ala, Pro, Ser, Tyr) were obviously higher than those of control group(P<0.05). The distributions of Thr, His, Arg, Gly, Ala were seriously unbalanced. Although the levels of FPG of patients were normal, there were insulin resistance among the children troubled with simple obesity. There were positive correlations between FINS, HOMA-IR and Lys, Ile, Leu, Val. 【Conclusion】 In the treatment of children with simple obesity, the dynamic monitoring of serum amino acid level can help clinicians to understand the situation of imbalance in the amino acid level of the patients and to make a individual and integrative treatment plan for patients.

Survey of asthma related knowledge and analysis the effect of behavioral intervention with parents of 118 asthma children in Xi'an

HOU Wei, LIU Hai-yan, ZHOU Jian-ping, LI Jing, GE Li-ji, YE Gao-bo, ZHAO Juan

2011, 19(4):  328-330. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (511KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To investigate awareness of parents about the symptoms, healthcare uses and management of asthma in children in Xi'an. To explore the effect of appropriate behavioral interventions. 【Methods】 Questionnaires investigation was performed from the outdoor asthmatic children and their parents of Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Asthma was diagnosed in the children and observed asthmatic children more than six months. 【Results】 1) It was investigated that asthma diagnoses in children after(2.3 ± 1.6) years of the first wheeze that might be happened at the age of(5.1±3.7) years. Allergic rhinitis, eczema and inheritance asthma were shown by 50.8%, 50.6% and 25.5% of the patients respectively. 2)Current use of inhaled corticosteroid combined with β2 agonists for acute asthma was reported by 51.7% of parents, 39.6% liked just corticosteroid, 20.6% preferred oral leukotriene and 13.7% utilized allergic drugs. The reasons of parents did not select long-term control of asthma drugs: 60.3% were worried about impact on growth, 22.4% were worried about dependence on drugs. 3)After behavioral interventions, the scores of asthma related knowledge, attitude and behavior of parents with asthma children were significantly improved(P>0.01). 【Conclusions】 After long term education and management, parents of children with asthma understand the inflammatory nature of asthma, symptoms of asthma attack, induced factors and self-treatment of asthma very well. But many parents of asthmatic children have error knowledge in diagnosis and treatment of asthma. Behavior intervention can improve parental asthma related knowledge, attitudes and behavior level.

Influence of iron deficiency anemia on infant's mental development

PENG Rong-chun, JING Jin, LIAO Jun-juan

2011, 19(4):  331-333. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (455KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To explore the effects of iron deficiency anemia(IDA) on mental devenlopment of infants. 【Methods】 42 infants coincided with IDA diagnosis were selected as test group, and normal 42 infants with equal background were selected as control group. The Gesell Development Diagosis Schedule was used to evaluate children's mental development. 【Results】 Both adaptive behavior and fine motor DQ were lower in test group than in control group, the difference was significant(P<0.05). There were positively correlations between the hemoglobin level and adaptive behavior or fine motor, the correlation coefficients were respectively as 0.56 and 0.38(P<0.05). Hemoglobin level was the independent risk factor, which could affect chidren's adaptive behavior and fine motor development,the partial regression coefficient were 0.385 and 0.261(P<0.05)respectively. 【Conclusion】 IDA can affect adaptive behavior and fine motor development of infants.

Variation of expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein at hippocampal dentate gyrus and cortex in hypoxic ischemic brain damaged newborn rats

LIU Man-ling, LI Zhan-kui

2011, 19(4):  334-337. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (663KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To probe the expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG protein) at hippocampus dentate gyrus and cortex in hypoxic ischemic brain damaged (HIBD) newborn rats. 【Methods】 64 healthy 7 days old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into tow groups, the sham-operation and the HIBD mode group. The changes in expression strength of MAG protein at hippocampus dentate gyrus and cortex were observed by immunohistochemical method after hypoxic ischemia, HI 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days. 【Results】 MAG protein was expressed both in hippocampus dentate gyrus and cortex. The mean optical density of MAG were different significantly between two groups at HI 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7days, P＜0.05, including P_24h< 0.01 in hippocampal dentate gyrus and P_24h< 0.001 in cortex. Either in the sham-operation or the HIBD mode group, the expression strength of MAG protein was varied in deferent pattern in hippocampus dentate gyrus and cortex 【Conclusions】 The expression strength of MAG protein is varied in different cerebral area. With aging, the expression strength of MAG protein is changed in unlike pattern. Therefore, in newborn rats which were injured with HI, the expression strength of MAG protein and the pattern are changed. It means that in certain time range,the changes in the expression of MAG protein reflects the neurons in some area are damaged by HI. Further more it could be concluded that the changes of MAG protein may play a role in early diagnosis of HIE in newborns.

Significance of bone age inspection in children with hypothyroidism

YAN Xiao-li, WANG Zhi-hua, LI Xiao-qing, PAN Qiu-hong

2011, 19(4):  346-347. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To observe the bone age development in children with hypothyroidism and explore the potential applications in diagnosis and therapy of hypothyroidism. 【Method】 It was observed that 37 children's X-ray films of left hands and wrists and applied method for assessing bone age of Chinese children to score their bone age. 【Result】 The bone age of children with hypothyroidism were younger than their chronological age and the bone age caughted up the chronological age after treatment in the followed 2~3 years. 【Conclusion】 Bone age inspection has important instructional significance in diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism in children.

Relationship between breast development age of idiopathic central precocious puberty girl and maternal age at menarche and maternal height

FENG Bing, LI Gui-mei, QU Jing-shi, MA Li-xia

2011, 19(4):  348-350. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To study the association between breast development age of idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP) girl and maternal age at menarche and maternal Height. 【Methods】 1) ICPP group included 43 cases and SPT group included 41 cases and 30 cases as control group. 2)Compared the maternal age at menarche and height among ICPP,SPT and control groups. 3)Linear correlation analysis was made between the age of breast development and maternal age at menarche and height in ICPP girls. 【Results】 1)Maternal age at menarche in ICPP group were significantly lower than SPT group[(11.66±1.35)ears vs (12.93±1.66)ears, P<0.01] and than control group[( 11.66±1.35)ears vs (14.03±0.58)ears,P<0.01).There was no significantly difference of them between SPT and control group(P>0.05). 2)The maternal height in ICPP group was significantly lower than both SPT and control group[(154.13±3.61)cm vs (159.80±4.71)cm, (154.13±3.61)cm vs (159.5±2.33)cm P<0.01 respectively]. 3)There were significanly linear correlation between the age at breast development and maternal age at menarche and height in ICPP(P<0.01, respectively). 【Conclusions】 1)Breast development age of idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP) girl has a large correlation with maternal age at menarche and maternal height. 2)Short stature of ICCP girl and mother may have correlation with their early puberty or ICPP.

Origin of the extra 21^st chromosome in 297 cases of Down's syndrome and the correlation between the environmental factors and Down's syndrome

WANG Hong, JIN Yu-wei, QU Yu-jin, SONG Fang

2011, 19(4):  350-353. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To analyze the parental origin of the extra 21^st chromosome of patients with Down's syndrome (DS) and the correlation between the partial environmental factors and DS. 【Methods】 1)The chromosomal karyotypes of patients and their parents were determined by karyotype analysis technique. 2)The parental origin of extra 21^st Chromosome in DS patients were confirmed by short tandem repeat polymerase chain reaction(STR-PCR). 3)The environment factors in parents were surveyed through the retrospective questionnaire. 【Results】 1)Among 297 DS patients, the karyotypes of trisomy, translocation and mosaic accounted for 90.2%, 5.4% and 4.4%, respectively. 2)Clinical analysis: Among 297 DS patients, there were 191 males (64.3%, 191/297) and 106 females (35.7%, 106/297), with a sex ratio of 1.8∶1 (191∶106). The patients whose age at diagnosis were within one month, within one year and within six years accounted for 23%, 63% and 92%, respectively. 3)The 21^st extra chromosome origin analysis: The genealogy of genetic information by STR linkage analysis in 22 cases displayed that the 21^st extra chromosomes of 21 cases were originated from mothers, amounting for 95% (21/22). Among them, 14 cases were caused by the first division nondisjunction of ovum in patients'mothers. Only one case was originated from the father, accounting for 5% (1/22). 4)Environmental factors investigation in parents: the age of 71 mothers who gave birth were below 35 years old, accounting for 88.8% (71/80). And only 9 mothers were equal to or over 35 years old, accounting for 11.2% (9/80) (P＞0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in smoking and drinking between the father group of DS patients and control group. However, statistical significance could be observed between the two groups in exposure to chemical materials of the parents (P＜0.05). 【Conclusions】 1)The majority of extra 21^st Chromosome of DS patients are originated from their mothers. 2)At present, age of a mother giving birth is not main factor for Down's syndrome. 3)Smoking and drinking of father, exposure to chemical materials of parents seem not to be directly related to the Down's syndrome.

Analysis of the relationship of insulin-like growth factor-1 with the growth velocity and feeding of healthy infants

WANG Xin-li, KANG Xin, GUAN Yu-hong, QI Jing, WANG Zhao-hong, ZHANG Shu-li

2011, 19(4):  354-357. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To analyze the variation trends of serum IGF-1 levels in healthy infants and the relationship of IGF-1 with the growth velocity and feeding pattern of infants. 【Methods】 IGF-I concentrations were measured in 544 healthy infants. They were all full term and appropriate for gestational age infants, and were born between 2006 and 2008 in the Third Hospital of Peking University, with their height and weight measured and their feeding patterns recorded every 1 to 2 months in this hospital. At the time of analyzing the relationship of IGF-1 levels with the growth velocity and feeding, gender and number of months after birth were adjusted. 【Results】 Serum IGF-1 level witnessed a small peak in 2-3 months after birth, dropped rapidly thereafter, reached the lowest point in 7~8 months after birth, and slowly increased in the following months. Serum IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in females [112.65 ng/mL, 95%CI:91.82~133.89] than in males [74.38 ng/mL,95%CI:53.14~95.61,P＜0.05] during early infancy. Infants receiving breast milk had lower serum IGF-I levels[(66.94±45.85) ng/mL] than infants receiving formula [(72.56±36.55)ng/mL] or both [(79.89±51.79)ng/mL;P=0.019]. IGF-1 levels were positively associated with growth velocity(P<0.01). 【Conclusions】 This study provided the variation trend for IGF-1 levels during infancy. IGF-1 may play a key role in regulation of infant statural growth and was influenced by the feeding pattern.

Anemia investigation of migrant children under 5 in Chaoyang district

BA Lei

2011, 19(4):  357-359. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To investigate the anemia status and other impact factors of migrant children under 5. 【Methods】 The content of haemoglobin was measured by cyanmethemoglobin, the diagnostic criterion was 110 g/L. The relationship were analysed between anemia and other factors with questionnaires for 490 migrant children under 5 cluster sampled from Chaoyang district. 【Results】 The prevalence of anemia for migrant children under 5 was 5.71％, and the prevalence under 1 was 14.77%. With univariate analyses, smaller age, low birth weight, non-complementary food feeding and non EBF under 6 months were increase the risk of anemia. While, low birth weight, non-complementary food feeding, diarrhea and pulmonary disorder during the last two weeks and EBF were the impact factors for children anemia with multivariate analyses. 【Conclusion】 The necessary actions should be taken for migrant children to improve their nutrition and health status.

Clinical significance of serum tumor necrosis factor and it's soluble receptor 1 and 2 in patients with bronchial asthma

TONG Xia-sheng, LI Chen-hong, FANG Li, WANG En-zhi, YE Hui

2011, 19(4):  360-363. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To investigate the potential roles of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and it's solube receptors(sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2) in the pathogenesis of asthmatic inflammation, the concentrations of TNF-α, sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 proteins were determined. 【Methods】 All the patients were obtained including 46 cases of patients with bronchial asthma exacerbation, 31 cases of patients with bronchial asthma paracmasia, and were compared to 22 cases of individuals. Concentrations of TNF-α proteins was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods(ELISA). And the concentrations of sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 proteins were also determined by ELISA. 【Results】 The concentrations of TNF-α, sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 proteins were significantly higher in asthma exacerbation group[(3.19±1.68),(4.69±2.30),(14.32±6.19) ng/mL respectively] than those in control group [(1.96±0.86)、(2.07±0.86)、(4.75±1.68) ng/mL respectively](all P<0.01). Data also showed that the concentrations of sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 proteins were markedly lower in bronchial asthma paracmasia group [(2.59±1.21)、(11.57±4.78) ng/mL respectively] than those in asthma exacerbation group(P＜0.01 or ＜0.05, respectively). While no significance were observed of TNF-αexpressions between the patients with asthma paracmasia group(2.75±1.31) ng/mL and in acute phase(P>0.05). When compared to control group, the concentrations of TNF-α and sTNF-R2 proteins in asthma paracmasia group were significantly higher, but there were no significance of sTNF-R1 proteins between them. Furthermore, levels of sTNF-R1 was highly correlated to sTNF-R2(n=99,r=0.239,P＜0.05), but there were no strong association neither between levels of sTNF-R1 and TNF-α, nor between levels of sTNF-R2 and TNF-α(all P>0.05). 【Conclusions】 Levels of TNF-α, sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 are elevated in bronchial asthma which could be applied as an effective targets of patient's condition judgment. Our study indicated TNF-α, sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 expressions may involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma inflammation.

Clinical observation of premature thelarche in 162 infants and young children

ZOU Yi, FANG Qian, CHENG Ying, SHENG Xiao-mei, HUANG An-yuan, LIU Ya, QIAN Yong

2011, 19(4):  363-365. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To explore characteristic of premature thelarche and rate of central precocious puberty in these children. 【Methods】 162 infants and young children(1 month~3.4 years old) were given regular physical examination and follow-up from July of 2007 to August of 2010. Children who were with breast nodus disappear and reproductive, more than 2 years old and 2.5 cm of breast size were received examinations of abdomen and breast ultrasonography, sex hormone and bone age, some of them were taken into GnRH provocation test. 【Results】 Rate of breast nodus disappearance before 2.5 years old was 91.98%, majority of breast nodus was appear before 2 years old and frequently seen in 5 to 8 months infants. The most feeding pattern was breast feeding and breast-cow's milk mixed feeding was more than cow's milk feeding in premature thelarche infants and young children. Breast size, number of breast nodus reproductive and bilateral breast nodus appeared were no significant difference in different feeding ways. Results of ultrasonography were mammillary nucleus developed, uterus undeveloped and normal adrenal gland. All children were not accelerated linear growth and occur other sexual characteristics in follow-up period. Rate of abnormal in ovary, sex hormone and bone age was 2.47%, these abnormal children were negative in GnRH provocation test, they could not diagnose central precocious puberty. 【Conclusion】 Premature thelarche in infants and young children is generally benign conditions, but they should be followed-up for finding out CPP in time.

Growth and development status of preschool children from three kindergartens in Taiyuan

YUAN Chen-shan

2011, 19(4):  368-370. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To investigate the physical development of children who were in three kindergartens from Taiyuan and evaluate the growth status and nutritional status of them, raise some better opinion. 【Methods】 The body weight and height of 772 preschool children(boys 383, grils 389)aged 3 to 6 years old in the 3 kindergartens of Taiyuan city were measured by the unitive measurements. The WHO Child Growth Standards and China Child Growth Standards were used to compute the Z-scores by SPSS16.0, and were compared with 2002 National nutrition survey. 【Result】 The rates of malnutrition, stunting, underweight and overweight which accounted by two standards were lower than average level of whole country, rates of obesity was equal to whole country. 【Conclusions】 The growth and development of the children are better than WHO standards and 2009 national growth standards. The growth development status of these children are fine. The results given by two standards are similar.

Approach to indicators of avoidable cause of death among infants in Sichuan province

JIANG Ying-jia, WU Fang-yin, CAO Jing, ZHAO Zi-ling, XIONG Qing

2011, 19(4):  370-372. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To determine avoidable death indication among infants in Sichuan province and reduce mortality of infants. 【Method】 Relative risk(RR) of mortality in infants between USA and Sichuan, rural and urban areas of Sichuan were measured to determine avoidable death indicators among Sichuan province. 【Results】 Septicemia, pneumonia, diarrhea, tetanus, neonatal scleredema, intracerebral hemorrhage, Down's syndrome, birth asphyxia, accident suffocation, drowning, accident falling were considered as avoidable death causes of Sichuan province. 【Conclusion】 Avoidable causes of death mortality among infants in Sichuan should be controlled by medical intervention.

Reevaluate of vitamin D intoxication diagnosis of reported cases in recent years in China and the criteria diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D intoxication

HU Yan-qi, SHENG Xiao-yang

2011, 19(4):  373-376. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objectives】 To reevaluate the diagnosis of vitamin D overdose and intoxication in reported cases in China, to improve the awareness of pediatricians on vitamin D overdose and intoxication, and to properly administrate vitamin D supplements. 【Methods】 All the cases of vitamin D overdose and intoxication reported from January 2004 till May 2010 in major domestic database had been searched by keywords "vitamin D", "overdose", "intoxication". The clinical manifestation, laboratory finding, treatment and prognosis of these cases had been reviewed. 【Results】 A total of 11 references had been searched. There were 475 cases of vitamin D overdose and intoxication had been reported in these references. Among them, 23 cases (4.8%) meet vitamin D intoxication diagnosis criteria; 17 cases (3.6%) were overdose of vitamin D; 234 cases (49.3%) could not be confirmed because incomplete information; 201 cases (42.3%) were misdiagnosis. 【Conclusions】 Almost half of cases are misdiagnosed vitamin D overdose and intoxication. Long-term prophylactic supplement vitamin D is very important to prevent and reduce vitamin D deficiency in children. However, precaution vitamin D abuse or misuse also should be emphasized.

Changes of blood trace elements and serum BALP in children with idiopathic short stature

ZHANG Jian, LI Jun-xin, ZHANG Lu

2011, 19(4):  376-378. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To measure the levels of blood trace elements and serum bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP) in children with idiopathic short stature and investigate their influences on the children's height. 【Method】 The levels of Blood Ca, Zn, Fe Cu, Mg, Pb and serum BALP were measured and analyzed in both idiopathic short stature group and control group. 【Result】 Both blood Ca, Zn levels were significantly lower than those of control group, but blood Pb and serum BALP levels were apparently higher than those of control group. 【Conclusions】 Pb exposure can influence children's height and that may be one factor of ISS as well as the short of blood Ca and Zn. In addition, the level of serum BALP in children with idiopathic short stature can be used as a curative effect symbol.

Relationship between the blood routine index changes and coronary injury in kawasaki patients

ZHANG Hong-yan,YU Xiao-hua

2011, 19(4):  378-380. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To analyse the relationship between the kawasaki disease (KD) children's hematology parameters at different times and the coronary artery disease by comparing KD group with control group, so that provide clinical prognosis objective basis. 【Method】 Compared the white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb) , platelet (PLT), haematocrit (HCT), C-reactive protein (CRP ) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of clinical definite 48 KD children, which were separated into 2 groups: 18 coronary artery injury and 30 contol on the day or the next, 1 week and two weeks after Admission. 【Results】 Compared the WBC & PTL of oronary artery injury group and control group on the admission day or the next, the difference was significant (P<0.05), but no difference was found between 1 week and 2 weeks after admission (P>0.05). There was no difference between two groups' Hb on the day or the next, 1 week and two weeks after Admission (P>0.05). No difference was found between two groups' HCT on the admission day or the next (P>0.05), however HCT had significant difference between two groups in 1 week and 2 weeks after admission (P<0.001 or 0.05). 【Conclusion】 WBC & PLT can be used as prediction index of KD in children, and the changes of HCT is an import ant index in assessing the risk level of KD children.

Clostridium butyricum powder with antibacterial for preventing diarrhea for children with pneumonia

XUE Xiu-li

2011, 19(4):  380-382. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To observe and evaluate the efficacy of clostridium butyricum with antibacterial for preventing diarrhea for children with pneumonia. 【Methods】 The children with pneumonia were randomly divided into three groups. The subjects from control group (n=100) were routinely treated with antibacterial. For those who suffered from diarrhea in the control group, clostridium butyricum was administered at doses of 0.5 g tid. In addition to antibacterial therapy, the subjects from observation groupⅠ(n=104) and the observation groupⅡ(n=101) administered clostridium butyricum at doses of 0.5 g, tid. After ending the antibacterial therapy, the children from observation groupⅠadministered the probiotics for more 7days at the same dose. The beneficial effects were observed. 【Results】 The incidences of diarrhea were reduced in the observation groupⅠand Ⅱ comparing to the control group (4.8% or 10.9%vs 32.0%; P<0.05). Both the duration of diarrhea and the period of treatment in the observation groupⅠand Ⅱ were statistically shorter (P<0.01) than those of the control group. Adverse reaction was not found. 【Conclusions】 Administration of clostridium butyricum powder may have some positive effects on children with pneumonia, who are treating with antibacterial for preventing diarrhea. It may be a better way to administer the probiotics for more 7 days after ending antibacterial therapy.

Clinical analysis on 23 cases of cow's milks allergy in infants

WANG Wen-jian, ZHENG Yue-jie, LUO Hong-ying

2011, 19(4):  383-384. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To observe the clinical characters and treatments of cow's milk protein allergy(CMPA)infants. 【Method】 23 cases were diagnosed as cow's milk protein allergy by CMP elimination in 2009, the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. 【Results】 The patients consisted of 14 males and 9 females,whose course of disease ranged from 2 weeks to 3 months. The main clinical manifestation were chronic diarrhoea, bloody stool, vomiting or gastroesophageal reflux disease, constipation, food refusal and atopic eczema; Extensively hydrolyzed formula and probiotics improved the symptoms in all 23 cases. 【Conclusions】 The gastrointestinal symptoms caused by cow's milk protein allergy is nonspecific and diagnosis is difficult. Extensively hydrolyzed formula and probiotics can be used to confirm the diagnosis and improve the prognosis.

Effect of reservation to see a doctor in follow-up center for high risk neonates

LI Yan-na, HE Shu-hua, GAO Jian-hui

2011, 19(4):  387-388. 

Asbtract ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To observe the effect to improve the follow-up rate and effect by regulatory reservation to see a doctor in follow-up center for high risk neonates, offer evidence in order to generalize the system.【Objects】 According to voluntary principle, 2 929 high-risk neonates who took part in reservation to see a doctor voluntarily and established files from division of neonatology from May 2009 to April 2010 were chosen as reservation group, and who established files from division of neonatology at the same term and see a doctor without reservation as usual were chosen as control group. 【Methods】 High-risk neonates of reservation group were planned to make an appointment of follow-up time by many way such as education when discharge from hospital, telephone booking and spot booking by specialist nurse, hospital booking form network platform. High-risk neonates of control group were to see a doctor conventionally without reservation. 【Results】 After 1 year follow-up management, the follow-up rate of the first time of reservation group was significantly increased 26.99％ than that of control group(P<0.001), reached to 82.72%. The follow-up rate of one-year of reservation group was significantly increased 30.82％ than that of control group(P<0.001), reached to 63.4％. The time patients waiting for the medical treatment was significantly shortened from(18.965±20.048) minutes to(6.125±8.048) minutes after reservation. 【Conclusions】 Planning to make an appointment of follow-up time can greatly improve the follow-up rate and effect of high risk neonates and shorten the waiting time in follow-up center.