天然产物治疗孤独症谱系障碍的研究进展

doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2026.05.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

孤独症谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorder，ASD）是一种神经发育障碍疾病，其核心症状包括社交沟通缺陷、刻板重复行为和兴趣狭隘，患者可能伴有其他精神疾病如注意力缺陷多动障碍、焦虑、易怒、睡眠障碍、抑郁等。目前临床上的ASD治疗药物主要是针对ASD的共患精神疾病，但同时会伴随大量的药物不良反应，如肥胖、血脂异常、糖尿病等，因此急需一种新的治疗方法。近些年来，使用天然产物的替代治疗方法正在进行持续的临床试验。研究结果显示，一些天然产物在改善ASD症状方面具有良好的效果，天然产物作为安全有效的ASD治疗策略前景广阔。本文综述了目前具有治疗ASD潜力的天然产物，旨在为孤独症谱系障碍的治疗提供新的思路。

关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 天然产物, 治疗, 神经炎症, 氧化应激

Abstract:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, and its core symptoms include deficits in social communication, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors, and narrow interests. Patients with ASD may have other psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbances, and depression. At present, the clinical treatment drugs are mainly aimed at the comorbid psychiatric diseases of ASD, and the treatment needs to be vigilant against adverse reactions of ASD medicines, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus, so a new treatment method is needed. In recent years, there have been ongoing clinical trials of alternative treatments using natural products. The results of the study have shown that some natural products have good effects in improving ASD symptoms, and natural products have broad prospects as a safe and effective ASD treatment strategy. This article reviews the natural products that have the potential to treat ASD, aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, natural products, treatment, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress

中图分类号:

R749.94

丁乾坤, 曾德洁, 孙夏青, 赵继利, 孙琪, 诸宏伟. 天然产物治疗孤独症谱系障碍的研究进展[J]. 中国临床药理学与治疗学, 2026, 31(5): 700-708.

Qiankun DING, Dejie ZENG, Xiaqing SUN, Jili ZHAO, Qi SUN, Hongwei ZHU. Research progress on natural products in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2026, 31(5): 700-708.

图/表 2

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天然产物	主要作用机制	实验对象	结论	发表日期
木犀草素	抗炎抗氧化抗凋亡	Cdkl5 KO 小鼠	行为改善，促进脑皮质神经元成熟和海马神经元可塑性。	2022^[30]
		ASD小鼠	行为改善，炎症水平下降，抑制细胞凋亡和增加神经元细胞可塑性。	2017^[31]
		ASD儿童	问卷评分降低，行为改善。	2017^[31]
		ASD儿童	行为改善。	2012^[32]
		ASD儿童	行为改善，炎症水平下降。	2015^[33]
绿茶提取物	抗氧化抗凋亡	ASD小鼠	行为改善，脂质过氧化水平降低，保护浦肯野细胞。	2011^[35]
绿茶提取物	抗氧化抗凋亡	ASD大鼠	行为改善。	2017^[36]
胡椒碱	抗氧化抗凋亡	ASD小鼠	行为改善，氧化应激水平下降，保护浦肯野细胞。	2014^[40]
姜黄素	抗炎抗氧化抗凋亡	ASD大鼠	行为改善，氧化应激水平下降。	2015^[42]
		ASD大鼠	氧化应激水平下降。	2017^[44]
		BTBRT小鼠	行为改善，促进神经干细胞增殖。	2020^[46]
		BTBRT小鼠	行为改善，氧化应激水平下降。	2021^[47]
大麻素	抗氧化调节神经递质	ASD大鼠	行为改善，氧化应激水平下降。	2021^[50]
大麻素	抗氧化调节神经递质	ASD儿童	破环行为改善。	2021^[50]
银杏提取物	抗炎抗氧化	ASD儿童	部分行为改善。	2009^[58]
银杏提取物	抗炎抗氧化	ASD儿童	联合利培酮治疗较利培酮单独治疗无明显改善。	2012^[59]
假马齿苋	抗炎抗氧化抗凋亡	ASD大鼠	行为改善，炎症水平和氧化应激水平下降。	2022^[62]
		成人	缓解焦虑、改善认知。	2013^[65]
		成人	增强认知功能。	2016^[66]
骆驼奶	抗炎抗氧化	ASD大鼠	炎症水平下降，抗氧化酶活性增加。	2018^[69]
		ASD儿童	问卷评分降低，血清活化调节趋化因子水平降低。	2013^[68]
		ASD儿童	问卷评分降低，抗氧化水平增加。	2014^[70]
白藜芦醇	抗炎抗氧化	ASD大鼠	行为改善。	2023^[73]
		ASD儿童	问卷评分降低，易激惹症状改善。	2022^[76]
		ASD儿童	多动和依从性改善	2020^[77]
生物多糖	调节代谢调节肠道菌群	ASD大鼠	大鼠行为改善，肠道菌群改变。	2022^[80]
		ASD儿童	行为改善，肠道菌群重建。	2023^[81]
		ASD儿童	行为改善，多巴胺能水平升高，肠道菌群重建。	2020^[83]

天然产物	主要作用机制	实验对象	结论	发表日期
木犀草素	抗炎抗氧化抗凋亡	Cdkl5 KO 小鼠	行为改善，促进脑皮质神经元成熟和海马神经元可塑性。	2022^[30]
		ASD小鼠	行为改善，炎症水平下降，抑制细胞凋亡和增加神经元细胞可塑性。	2017^[31]
		ASD儿童	问卷评分降低，行为改善。	2017^[31]
		ASD儿童	行为改善。	2012^[32]
		ASD儿童	行为改善，炎症水平下降。	2015^[33]
绿茶提取物	抗氧化抗凋亡	ASD小鼠	行为改善，脂质过氧化水平降低，保护浦肯野细胞。	2011^[35]
绿茶提取物	抗氧化抗凋亡	ASD大鼠	行为改善。	2017^[36]
胡椒碱	抗氧化抗凋亡	ASD小鼠	行为改善，氧化应激水平下降，保护浦肯野细胞。	2014^[40]
姜黄素	抗炎抗氧化抗凋亡	ASD大鼠	行为改善，氧化应激水平下降。	2015^[42]
		ASD大鼠	氧化应激水平下降。	2017^[44]
		BTBRT小鼠	行为改善，促进神经干细胞增殖。	2020^[46]
		BTBRT小鼠	行为改善，氧化应激水平下降。	2021^[47]
大麻素	抗氧化调节神经递质	ASD大鼠	行为改善，氧化应激水平下降。	2021^[50]
大麻素	抗氧化调节神经递质	ASD儿童	破环行为改善。	2021^[50]
银杏提取物	抗炎抗氧化	ASD儿童	部分行为改善。	2009^[58]
银杏提取物	抗炎抗氧化	ASD儿童	联合利培酮治疗较利培酮单独治疗无明显改善。	2012^[59]
假马齿苋	抗炎抗氧化抗凋亡	ASD大鼠	行为改善，炎症水平和氧化应激水平下降。	2022^[62]
		成人	缓解焦虑、改善认知。	2013^[65]
		成人	增强认知功能。	2016^[66]
骆驼奶	抗炎抗氧化	ASD大鼠	炎症水平下降，抗氧化酶活性增加。	2018^[69]
		ASD儿童	问卷评分降低，血清活化调节趋化因子水平降低。	2013^[68]
		ASD儿童	问卷评分降低，抗氧化水平增加。	2014^[70]
白藜芦醇	抗炎抗氧化	ASD大鼠	行为改善。	2023^[73]
		ASD儿童	问卷评分降低，易激惹症状改善。	2022^[76]
		ASD儿童	多动和依从性改善	2020^[77]
生物多糖	调节代谢调节肠道菌群	ASD大鼠	大鼠行为改善，肠道菌群改变。	2022^[80]
		ASD儿童	行为改善，肠道菌群重建。	2023^[81]
		ASD儿童	行为改善，多巴胺能水平升高，肠道菌群重建。	2020^[83]

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