Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathogenesis and is closely related to aging. Studies have found that the pathological development of AD is often accompanied by changes in mTOR activity, but the role of mTOR in the pathogenesis of AD is not clear. In this paper, the complex of mTOR and its signaling pathways are first introduced, focusing on the effects of mTOR signaling pathways on synaptic plasticity and memory function, autophagy, β-amyloid-β (Aβ), Tau protein and brain insulin resistance and other AD pathological features, secondly, the regulatory effects of mTOR signaling pathways in anti-aging and life prolongation are described, and finally the application of mTOR inhibitors in AD pathological research is introduced to provide new ideas for delaying and improving AD.