Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that can affect joints and extra-articular organs, including the heart, kidneys, lungs, digestive system, eyes, skin, and nervous system. During RA, mitochondrial homeostasis is altered, leading to the production of inflammatory mediators and joint damage by affecting cartilage and synovial tissues. Regulating mitochondrial homeostasis is a key step in slowing the progression of RA. This study conducts a comprehensive literature review on the topics of "rheumatoid arthritis" and "mitochondrial homeostasis" over the past decade. It aims to summarize and analyze the factors contributing to mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance in RA, as well as the potential role of modulating mitochondrial homeostasis in ameliorating RA, with the ultimate goal of offering novel insights and approaches for RA treatment.