Research progress of patchouli alcohol in the treatment of ischemia-related diseases

doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2026.05.014

Abstract

Abstract:

Ischemic diseases primarily affect blood-rich parenchymal organs such as the heart, brain, liver, kidneys, and lungs, while also demonstrating considerable incidence in hollow viscera like the gastrointestinal tract. Patchouli alcohol (PA), an active component derived from traditional Chinese medicinal plants, has been demonstrated across multidisciplinary studies to exert remarkable protective efficacy in the prevention and treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular ischemia, gastrointestinal ischemia, and related ischemic pathologies, effectively delaying the progression of ischemic pathological processes. Current research reveals that PA achieves ischemic protection through three synergistic mechanisms: (i) modulation of the inflammatory cascade, (ii) scavenging of oxidative stress products, and (iii) vasodilation of smooth muscle to improve blood perfusion. This multi-target intervention strategy confers unique advantages in organ protection. The present review systematically elucidates the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of PA in multi-organ ischemic injury, not only expanding modern pharmacological understanding of bioactive components from traditional Chinese medicine but also highlighting its developmental potential as a novel therapeutic agent for ischemic diseases. Notably, PA's multi-target regulatory properties provide critical insights for innovative drug design, promising to overcome limitations of single-mechanism drugs and drive paradigm shifts in anti-ischemic treatment strategies.

Key words: patchouli alcohol, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion injury, injury protection, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, vasodilation

CLC Number:

Kang ZENG, Weixin XING, Qingchun MU. Research progress of patchouli alcohol in the treatment of ischemia-related diseases[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2026, 31(5): 691-699.

Figures/Tables 3

References 57

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作者	年份	动物	模型	干预	结果
Wei et al.^[10]	2018	C57BL/6J以及ob/ob小鼠	大脑中脑动脉栓塞模型（MCAO）达到局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型	C57BL/6J小鼠，缺血1小时后拔出导丝以恢复血液循环； ob/ob小鼠及其同窝对照小鼠，缺血45 min后进行再灌注。	广藿香醇显著减少梗死体积，降低神经系统学评分，减轻血脑屏障功能障碍。
Lu et al.^[35]	2022	C57BL/6J 小鼠	丝线结扎左冠状动脉前降支。缺血30 min后，释放滑动结进行再灌注损伤（MI/R模型）	治疗组小鼠术前分别腹腔注射广藿香醇（10、20、40 mg/kg），持续30 d。	广藿香醇减少心肌细胞的凋亡，降低炎性细胞的浸润程度。
Wu et al.^[11]	2020	Sprague-Dawley大鼠、BALB/C小鼠	TNBS、DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎（UC）模型	TNBS组：对照组和模型组大鼠给予10 mg/kg 广藿香醇； DSS组：从第14天到第27天，广藿香醇治疗组（15 mg/kg和30 mg/kg）的小鼠通过灌胃给予广藿香醇，而对照组和DSS组的小鼠在同一时间段内给予含2% Tween 80的溶液。	在两种模型中，广藿香醇显著降低促炎细胞因子的水平，并且维持肠道屏障的完整性，显著减轻结肠的组织学损伤，包括减少炎症细胞浸润等。
Xu et al.^[39]	2021	Wistar大鼠	在不同时间点胃内给予65%的乙醇（10 mL/kg），建立急性肝损伤模型	试验组每日口服相应剂量的试验溶液，对照组和模型组口服相同剂量的Tween 80蒸馏水。	广藿香醇干预后表现出明显的肝损伤改善，抑制氧化应激反应，改善肠道屏障功能，减轻炎症反应，肠道微生物的多样性。
Yu et al.^[45]	2015	BALB/C小鼠	鼻内灌注LPS以诱导的急性肺损伤模型	实验组：给予小鼠一定剂量的广藿香醇进行预处理；对照组：未给予广藿香醇干预，或给予其他非相关药物作为对照，如右美托咪定（常用作急性肺损伤阳性对照药物）。	广藿香醇显著提高LPS诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠的生存率，减轻小鼠肺组织的病理损伤和肺水肿程度
Li et al.^[47]	2023	SHRs大鼠、Wistar-Kyoto大鼠	自发性高血压建立肾纤维化模型	高、中、低广藿香醇剂量组分别给予不同剂量的广藿香醇（20、40、80 mg/kg，i.g.）。 Wistar-Kyoto大鼠为对照组，给予生理盐水(10 mL/kg, i.g.)。	广藿香醇显著降低自发性高血压大鼠的血压；减轻自发性高血压大鼠肾脏的纤维化程度，并且改善了自发性高血压大鼠的肾功能。

作者	年份	动物	模型	干预	结果
Wei et al.^[10]	2018	C57BL/6J以及ob/ob小鼠	大脑中脑动脉栓塞模型（MCAO）达到局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型	C57BL/6J小鼠，缺血1小时后拔出导丝以恢复血液循环； ob/ob小鼠及其同窝对照小鼠，缺血45 min后进行再灌注。	广藿香醇显著减少梗死体积，降低神经系统学评分，减轻血脑屏障功能障碍。
Lu et al.^[35]	2022	C57BL/6J 小鼠	丝线结扎左冠状动脉前降支。缺血30 min后，释放滑动结进行再灌注损伤（MI/R模型）	治疗组小鼠术前分别腹腔注射广藿香醇（10、20、40 mg/kg），持续30 d。	广藿香醇减少心肌细胞的凋亡，降低炎性细胞的浸润程度。
Wu et al.^[11]	2020	Sprague-Dawley大鼠、BALB/C小鼠	TNBS、DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎（UC）模型	TNBS组：对照组和模型组大鼠给予10 mg/kg 广藿香醇； DSS组：从第14天到第27天，广藿香醇治疗组（15 mg/kg和30 mg/kg）的小鼠通过灌胃给予广藿香醇，而对照组和DSS组的小鼠在同一时间段内给予含2% Tween 80的溶液。	在两种模型中，广藿香醇显著降低促炎细胞因子的水平，并且维持肠道屏障的完整性，显著减轻结肠的组织学损伤，包括减少炎症细胞浸润等。
Xu et al.^[39]	2021	Wistar大鼠	在不同时间点胃内给予65%的乙醇（10 mL/kg），建立急性肝损伤模型	试验组每日口服相应剂量的试验溶液，对照组和模型组口服相同剂量的Tween 80蒸馏水。	广藿香醇干预后表现出明显的肝损伤改善，抑制氧化应激反应，改善肠道屏障功能，减轻炎症反应，肠道微生物的多样性。
Yu et al.^[45]	2015	BALB/C小鼠	鼻内灌注LPS以诱导的急性肺损伤模型	实验组：给予小鼠一定剂量的广藿香醇进行预处理；对照组：未给予广藿香醇干预，或给予其他非相关药物作为对照，如右美托咪定（常用作急性肺损伤阳性对照药物）。	广藿香醇显著提高LPS诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠的生存率，减轻小鼠肺组织的病理损伤和肺水肿程度
Li et al.^[47]	2023	SHRs大鼠、Wistar-Kyoto大鼠	自发性高血压建立肾纤维化模型	高、中、低广藿香醇剂量组分别给予不同剂量的广藿香醇（20、40、80 mg/kg，i.g.）。 Wistar-Kyoto大鼠为对照组，给予生理盐水(10 mL/kg, i.g.)。	广藿香醇显著降低自发性高血压大鼠的血压；减轻自发性高血压大鼠肾脏的纤维化程度，并且改善了自发性高血压大鼠的肾功能。

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