Voriconazole (VRC) is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal drug used for the systemic prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in adults and children. However, VRC has a typical nonlinear pharmacokinetic profile and highly variable inter- and intra-individual variability, limiting its rational clinical use. Special populations have even greater variation due to physiologic reasons, especially younger pediatric patients, with less evidence and greater limitations in the use of VRC. In recent years more and more VRC population pharmacokinetic (PPK) research results have been published, identifying many covariates, which provides ideas and methods for the rational use of VRC. Based on the latest national and international research results, this article introduced the latest progress of PPK of VRC applied to special populations and demonstrated how PPK could be used to adjust the dose and optimize the treatment.