Cytoglobin (Cygb) is a recently discovered astrocyte specific globin that is widely distributed in mammalian visceral organs such as the lung, heart, spleen, liver, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, kidney, neuron, and bone tissue. It plays an important role in clearing reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and nitrite signal transduction, alleviating oxidative stress, anti-fibrosis, regulation of cell apoptosis and treatment of cancer, etc. It is worth noting that the anti-fibrosis role of Cygb has attracted increasing attention in recent years. The existing research has involved various fibrotic diseases such as the liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen, etc., especially in the study of liver fibrosis, which has made great progress. This article system reviews the role of Cygb in various fibrotic diseases, with a focus on its mechanism of alleviating oxidative stress. Although the application of Cygb in fibrotic diseases is still in its infancy and the underlying mechanisms still require extensive research and exploration, there is no doubt that Cygb can serve as a promising therapeutic target, with the potential to be widely used in the prevention and treatment of fibrotic diseases.