The regulation of gut flora metabolites-short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles, and interactions has been shown to play a key role in many diseases. While chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common progressive disease whose pathogenesis is related to the reduction of SCFAs, a metabolite of intestinal flora, and the over-activation of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles. In this paper, we summarize the role of SCFAs and NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in the pathogenesis of CKD, and sort out the research on the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in this inflammatory pathway in the treatment of CKD in recent years, so as to provide the direction and ideas for the exact mechanism of TCM in the treatment of CKD.