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Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (4): 477-.   Abstract （173）      PDF （263KB）（8944）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in clinical application of topical anesthesia TAO Yijia, YANG Chun, LIU Cunming Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (5): 594-600.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.05.015 Abstract （586）      PDF （614KB）（6716）       Knowledge map    Save Topical anesthesia are being widely used in clinical diagnostic or therapeutic fields such as ophthalmology, ENT, dermatology, urology. It is defined as superficial loss of sensation in mucous membranes or skin, produced by direct application of penetrating local anesthetics. Topical anesthesia has the advantages of simple performance, high safety, quick recovery, which can effectively improve patient's satisfaction. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the concept of comfortable diagnosis and treatment. The new drugs and application methods of topical anesthesia are emerging constantly, special attention must be paid to their pharmacological characteristics and possible adverse reactions when using them. This article reviews the research progress of topical anesthesia in clinical application in order to provide reference for clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances and future research prospects in regulatory policies for clinical trials of artificial intelligence medical devices LIANG Hao, WANG Shun, CUI Cheng, SONG Ling, SUN Ailin, LI Man, QIAO Jie, SONG Chunli, LI Haiyan, ZHAO Yangguang, LI Haiyan, ZHANG Chenguang, LIU Dongyang Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (3): 427-431.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.03.017 Abstract （502）      PDF （581KB）（3789）       Knowledge map    Save Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a cutting-edge technology leading the future and is a key engine for China's development. In the innovation and research of medical devices, AI has provided critical support in the areas of intelligent diagnostic assistance, intelligent therapeutic assistance, intelligent monitoring, life support, et al. Machine learning-enabled device software functions (ML-DSFs) have become an essential component of many medical devices. Recently, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a draft guidance titled " Marketing Submission Recommendations for a Predetermined Change Control Plan for Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML)-Enabled Device Software Functions (Draft). " that aimed to provide a forward-looking approach to foster the development of ML medical devices. By supporting iterative updates through modifications, this approach ensures the continuous safety and effectiveness of the devices. This guidance represents the latest in regulatory direction and is especially beneficial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of clinical trials for AI products. Therefore, we plan to provide a detailed introduction and interpretation of the guidance, with the aim of learning from international advanced regulatory concepts and experiences to promote the development of ML-DSFs with more profound international influence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on the pathological mechanism and treatment of frostbite  ZHANG Li, LIN Xingyao, SHANG Yun, WANG Qiang Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (3): 347-354.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.03.014 Abstract （894）      PDF （808KB）（3641）       Knowledge map    Save Frostbite is a tissue injury that occurs when the body is exposed to extreme cold. Its path-ological mechanism is complex and has not been ful-ly elucidated. In high cold and high altitude areas, outdoor sports people have a high risk of injury, and severe frostbite has high disability and mortality. Ex-ploring the pathological mechanism of frostbite is helpful to determine the treatment methods and timing. At present, the clinical treatment of frostbite is mainly symptomatic treatment, such as drug treatment and surgical treatment, but the curative effect can not meet the clinical needs. Therefore, it is of great significance to seek more efficient drugs or treatment methods. This article reviews the rele-vant research progress in pathophysiological mecha-nism, clinical treatment, cellular and molecular path-ways of frostbite in recent years, in order to provide new ideas for future research and clinical treatment.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the clinical application and mechanism of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast cancer LI Shanshan, WEI Dandan, KANG Hanyu, LIU Xiaopeng, YAN Shuxun, JIANG Shiqing Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (7): 977-983.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.07.013 Abstract （427）      PDF （988KB）（3503）       Knowledge map    Save Breast cancer is a common clinical gynecological tumor. According to the 2022 global cancer data statistics, breast cancer ranks second in terms of incidence among newly diagnosed cancer cases worldwide. Modern medicine often adopts surgical operation, chemotherapy, and other methods, which have certain efficacy but also many problems such as high drug resistance rates and significant adverse reactions. Chinese patent medicines exhibit extensive anticancer effects. The study found that Shenyi Capsule, Pingxiao Capsule, and Zhenqi Fuzheng Granules were widely used in the treatment of breast cancer, exerting therapeutic effects on breast cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, suppressing angiogenesis, reversing cellular drug resistance, and inhibiting precancerous lesions. Meanwhile, the oral administration of Chinese patent medicines in combination with other traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds, TCM decoctions, or modern medical treatments can improve patients' quality of life and reduce adverse reactions. Currently, there are numerous studies on the treatment of breast cancer with Chinese patent medicines, but a systematic summary is lacking. Therefore, this study conducted a systematic review of the mechanisms of action and clinical applications of Chinese patent medicines as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, aiming to provide guidance for clinical medication. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in chemotherapy renal injury LIU Yeyuan, QI Yafeng, ZHANG Maofu, LI Xinyu, SHEN Yanyun, LIU Yu, ZHANG Shangzu, LI Yangyang, ZHANG Liying, ZHANG Zhiming Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (4): 556-569.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.04.015 Abstract （379）      PDF （843KB）（2952）       Knowledge map    Save Renal injury is one of the common adverse reactions in the clinical application of chemotherapy drugs, which is the main reason why the chemotherapy can not be carried out in the whole cycle. The pathological mechanism of chemotherapy-induced renal injury is very complicated, mainly involving oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and regulation of transporters, causing pathological damage to renal tubules or glomeruli. At present, there is no specific pharmacological intervention for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced renal injury. As a treasure of traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of overall regulation, multi-targeting, small adverse reactions and no obvious drug dependence in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced renal injury. In recent years, there have been more and more studies on the intervention of chemotherapy-induced renal injury by multi-component and multi-directional intervention of active components, extracts and compounds of traditional Chinese medicine, and some progress has been made. A large number of studies have shown that the potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating renal injury induced by chemotherapy include inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory response and inhibiting apoptosis. Although there are many studies on the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced renal injury, there is still a lack of systematic review. Based on this, this paper summarizes the mechanism of renal injury induced by chemotherapy and the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to provide theoretical support for its clinical treatment and new drug innovation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of Pinellia ternata and its active ingredients in cardiovascular diseases SONG Min, DIAO Tingting, WANG Yichao, LIU Luyi, QI Qiqi, BI Jingjing, ZHU Nailiang, QIAO Xinrong Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (2): 251-264.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.02.013 Abstract （499）      PDF （1237KB）（2828）       Knowledge map    Save Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality in the world. Pinellia ternata is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb and has the effects on drying dampness, resolving phlegm, lowering symptoms, stopping vomiting and relieving swelling. In recent years, researches showed that Pinellia ternata and its active ingredients (β- sitosterol, baicalin, baicalein, quercetin) had significant effects in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review summarized and analyzed the role and mechanism of Pinellia ternata and its active ingredients in cardiovascular diseases, which provided a theoretical basis for its clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of action and research progress of vaccine adjuvants ZHANG Li, LU Chang, AN Minghui, WANG Mengmeng, ZONG Xiaoyu, YU Lin, RAN Zhuo-ling, SONG Jing, LI Huijie, GONG Jian Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2024, 29 (7): 785-791.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2024.07.008 Abstract （1003）      PDF （831KB）（2738）       Knowledge map    Save Vaccines are among the most effective measures for preventing infectious diseases and play a crucial role in controlling the spread of these diseases. Adjuvants, serving as auxiliary components in vaccines, are indispensable in the vaccine development process. Ideal adjuvants not only enhance the immune response, enabling the body to achieve optimal protective immunity but also play important roles in reducing the dosage of immunogens and lowering vaccine production costs. To meet the demands of novel vaccines, many new types of adjuvants have been developed. However, there is still a lack of adjuvants that are safe, effective, easy to prepare, highly pure, and suitable for a variety of vaccines in clinical settings. This article categorizes adjuvants and summarizes their mechanisms of action and characteristics, focusing on traditional aluminum salt adjuvants and more modern lipid-based and nucleic acid-based adjuvants. The summary is based on a computer search of databases including PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP Database, and Wanfang Database, using English search keywords such as Adjuvants, Vaccine, Vaccine Adjuvant, aluminum salts, MF59, AS03, Toll-like receptor agonist, etc., and corresponding Chinese search terms. The aim is to provide references for the development and application of adjuvants. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in plasma concentration monitoring of rivaroxaban YU Qiaoling, ZHAI Weiwei, LIU Ping, QIU Bo, WU Huizhen Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (7): 809-817.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.07.012 Abstract （749）      PDF （654KB）（2728）       Knowledge map    Save Rivaroxaban, a novel oral anticoagulant drug, is widely prescribed in clinical practice. Rivaroxaban offers predictable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, a lowprobability of drug-drug and food-drug interactions. Compared with warfarin, rivaroxaban does not require continuous therapeutic monitoring and can be administered in fixed doses.However,in certain emergency clinical situations, such as bleeding, acute stroke, acute kidney injury, prior to urgent surgery and in the suspected accumulation of durg, plasma concentration monitoring of rivaroxaban is necessary and important for patients. Existing studies proved that there were significant individual variability and wide range in the plasma rivaroxaban concentration, which increased the risk of clinical use. Therefore, Data in the degree of rivaroxaban concentration may provide recommendations for the clinical application to promote medication safety and individuality in the future. This article collected the latest literatures and case reports related to research progress of rivaroxaban plasma concentration monitoring, and Summarized influencing factors, monitoring methods, so as to provide a basis for further study on rational use of rivaroxaban in clinical. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on anti-tumor mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum active ingredients LV Yujiao, ZHOU Shuting, WANG Lina, SHEN Mingmei, LIU Yongchao Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2024, 29 (8): 947-954.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2024.08.012 Abstract （950）      PDF （712KB）（2719）       Knowledge map    Save Malignant tumors are one of the main causes of death from chronic diseases in China, and their incidence and mortality rates show an increasing trend year by year. Advanced non-surgical treatment of malignant tumors is an important means of improving patients' prognosis and enhancing their quality of life. The traditional Chinese medicine Ganoderma lucidum has anti-tumor effects and plays a role in the treatment of many malignant tumors. In this paper, a systematic review of the effects of Ganoderma lucidum active ingredients on tumors has been conducted at home and abroad in the past five years to explore the anti-tumor mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum active ingredients and to lay a theoretical foundation for the application of Ganoderma lucidum active ingredients in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the inhibition of cardiac remodeling by vericiguat DING Ding, WU Shengnan, WANG Ancai, WANG Deguo Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (6): 858-863.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.06.016 Abstract （216）      PDF （699KB）（2715）       Knowledge map    Save Heart failure (HF) has become a major global medical burden. Despite the existence of several drugs for the treatment of HF, the prognosis is still not optimistic, which motivates us to seek new treatments for this disease. Vericiguat, a novel soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator, has been approved for use in patients with heart failure. Cardiac remodeling is the important pathophysiological basis of cardiovascular disease occurrence and development, and closely related to the prognosis of patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that vericiguat inhibits cardiac remodeling, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of vericiguat will be important for future studies of this drug as a potential therapy for slowing the severity of heart failure. This article reviews the mechanism and research status of the inhibitory effect of Vericiguat on cardiac remodeling. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and progress in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with metabolic drugs SUN Min, WANG Hongya, HE Hongbo, ZHU Zhiming, GAO Peng Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (7): 984-997.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.07.014 Abstract （329）      PDF （798KB）（2560）       Knowledge map    Save Cardiovascular disease (CVD), as one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality rates globally, has always been a focus of medical research. In recent years, with a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of CVD, novel metabolic drugs have demonstrated great potential in its treatment. These novel drugs regulate multiple aspects of cardiovascular metabolism, including reducing blood glucose and lipid levels, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and protecting vascular endothelial cells, thereby providing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of CVD. In terms of lowering blood glucose levels, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and Metformin, as clinically commonly used drugs, have been proven to be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of CVD, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. For lipid regulation, PCSK9 inhibitors and Ezetimibe, as newly developed lipid-lowering drugs, not only reduce serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels but also directly protect the cardiovascular system from damage. The development and application of these drugs have not only improved the treatment outcomes of CVD but also provided patients with more therapeutic options. Related Articles | Metrics

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Engineered bacteria modulate tumor-associated macrophages to enhance immunotherapy WANG Long, WANG Yuchen, GUO Yilin, WU Jinhui Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (3): 297-312.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.03.002 Abstract （419）      PDF （1338KB）（2445）       Knowledge map    Save The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment significantly limits the efficacy of immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, often exhibit an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype, contributing to this immunosuppressive landscape. Modulating TAMs to adopt anti-tumor phenotypes can enhance immunotherapy outcomes and inhibit tumor progression.In recent years, tumor immunotherapy leveraging engineered bacteria has garnered considerable attention. Bacteria possess the ability to target tumors, preferentially colonizing tumor regions, and contain abundant pathogen-associated molecular patterns that effectively activate TAMs within the immunosuppressive tumor environment. This activation enhances the tumoricidal and clearance capabilities of TAMs. With the rapid advancements in synthetic biology, engineered bacteria have emerged as a potent therapeutic modality for immunotherapy, leading to increased focus on the regulation of TAMs by engineered bacteria.This paper first outlines clinical studies on targeted TAMs therapy and engineered bacteria-based tumor therapy. It then reviews recent advancements in bacterial regulation of TAMs, detailing how engineered bacteria enhance TAM recruitment, improve TAM phagocytosis, and remodel TAM phenotypes. Modulating TAMs with engineered bacteria presents a promising therapeutic strategy and introduces a novel approach in tumor immunotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the role of macrophage polarization in cardiovascular diseases CUI Hanyu, HU Changping Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (4): 548-555.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.04.014 Abstract （358）      PDF （699KB）（2343）       Knowledge map    Save As phagocytic innate immune cells, macrophages interact with various tissue types and play an important role in immune defense, inflammatory response and tissue remodeling. Macrophages participate in the occurrence and development of disease by polarizing into classically activated M1 type and substitutively activated M2 type, or more complex phenotypes, when the tissue microenvironment changes. This paper focused on the application of macrophage polarization in cardiovascular diseases, and introduces macrophage origin and activation to propose the relationship between macrophage polarization and cardiovascular diseases. Then, the strategies for targeted macrophage therapy were proposed to provide an important theoretical basis for improving the inflammatory state of cardiovascular diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of lactate dehydrogenase A in digestive system tumors and related drugs WANG Siyu, LI Jiawei, LI Chenghao, LI Ling, GUO Qingyang, QIU Lu, ZHOU Shiqin, LIU Yongqi Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (4): 445-454.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.04.012 Abstract （993）      PDF （1441KB）（2168）       Knowledge map    Save Malignant tumors of digestive system are highly prevalent malignant tumors that seriously threaten human health around the world. At present, the curative efficacy and prognosis of traditional treatment methods cannot reach the expectation, so it is urgent to find new targets for cancer treatment and realize targeted therapy for tumors. Abnormal energy metabolism in tumor  cells is regarded as a hallmark of cancer, and malignant tumor cells absorb glucose through aerobic glycolysis pathway, and obtain a small amount of energy and produce lactate under the catalysis of a series of enzymes. Lactate dehydrogenase A (Lactate dehydrogenase A, LDHA), as a key enzyme in the aerobic glycolysis pathway of tumor cells, plays an important role in the metabolic changes of tumor cells. Studies have demonstrated that LDHA has high expression characteristics in a variety of tumor cells,and its high expression in clinic is often related to the poor prognosis and high metastasis rate of tumors, which is expected to be a new target for cancer therapy. This article reviews the role of LDHA in the development of digestive system tu- mors and the research progress of related drugs. Related Articles | Metrics

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The NO-sGC-cGMP pathway and heart failure LI Dilu, PEI Yuanyuan, WANG Wuchao, CAO Lingjie, YANG Fengtao, SHI Shuangkui, ZHOU Guyue, YANG Kunyu, ZHU Jihong Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (5): 702-708.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.05.015 Abstract （399）      PDF （621KB）（2148）       Knowledge map    Save Heart failure, as a global public health challenge, is experiencing an increasingly severe disease burden. Given the close relationship between the Nitric Oxide-Soluble Guanylate Cyclase-Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (NO-sGC-cGMP) signaling pathway and heart failure, this study, through a comprehensive search and review of recent literature on the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway and heart failure, aims to outline the mechanism of action of this signaling pathway and its connection with heart failure, in order to explore new avenues for the treatment of heart failure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in venlafaxine-related PK-PD relationship and influencing factors WANG Xin, WU Guodong, AN Ming, LI Gang, LIU Yang Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (7): 788-795.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.07.010 Abstract （424）      PDF （879KB）（2089）       Knowledge map    Save Venlafaxine (VEN) is a new antidepressant drug that can effectively antagonize the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE), compared with other antidepressants, venlafaxine pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) is more regular and has the characteristics of less toxic side effects, fast oral absorption, and high bioavailability. This article reviews the PK-PD modelling of venlafaxine and its quantitative relationship, as well as the factors affecting the process in vivo of venlafaxine, including sex, body weight, individual genotype, liver and kidney function impairment, drug-drug interaction and other related factors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on pharmacokinetic interactions of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors DENG Yanru, CAO Gexi, LI Ying, LI Yajing, DONG Zhanjun Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (4): 570-576.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.04.016 Abstract （329）      PDF （651KB）（2063）       Knowledge map    Save Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of oral hypoglycemic drugs with definite hypoglycemic effects, low risk of hypoglycemia, cardiovascular protection, and kidney benefits. In recent years, SGLT2 inhibitors have been widely used in clinical practice, and their interactions with other drugs have gradually attracted attention. The SGLT2 inhibitors commonly used in China's clinic include canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin and henagliflozin currently, they are mainly metabolized by the phase Ⅱ metabolic enzyme uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and various transporters are involved in the disposal of SGLT2 inhibitors in vivo. This article reviews the pharmacokinetic characteristics of different SGLT2 inhibitors mentioned above, as well as their pharmacokinetic interaction studies with various drugs such as statins, antineoplastic drugs, antimicrobials, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and traditional Chinese medicine, in order to promote the safe and rational use of SGLT2 inhibitors in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in clinical trials of new drugs and candidate drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus ZHOU Xin, WANG Zhi, DU Wenyu, LIU Zihan, LI Ying, DONG Zhanjun Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2024, 29 (10): 1185-1193.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2024.10.012 Abstract （760）      PDF （641KB）（2011）       Knowledge map    Save A number of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are currently under clinical investigation, including the sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor rongliflozin, the SGLT1/2 inhibitor LIK066, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor DBPR108, the glucagon-likepeptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist CJC-1134-PC, the G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GRP40) agonist SCO-267 and the Glucokinase (GK) agonist PB201. This article briefly reviews the clinical research progress of drugs targeting the above targets in the field of T2DM treatment, in order to provide reference for the treatment of T2DM patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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SPP1 expression in SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with PD-L1 WU Juan, HUANG Xi, LI Jiajia, WEI Yuqing, ZHANG Liqing, YU Yongmei, LU Zhiwei, ZHANG He Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (4): 477-486.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.04.005 Abstract （372）      PDF （1297KB）（1977）       Knowledge map    Save AIM: To analyze the expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung cancer, and to provide a scientific basis for the study of the follow-up treatment of this rare pathological type of lung cancer. METHODS: The clinical and pathological characteristics of 12 patients with this disease were analyzed retrospectively, and the patients were divided into two groups of adenocarcinomas and poorly differentiated carcinomas according to their morphological characteristics, and the relationship between the expression of SPP1 and PD-L1 was analyzed in the two groups. RESULTS: SPP1 expression was detected in all patients and Its expression level was significantly higher in the poorly differentiated carcinoma group compared with the adenocarcinoma group (P=0.015); PD-L1 expression was found in 6/7 patients (5 cases were not measured), compared with the adenocarcinoma group,PD-L1 was also highly expressed in the poorly differentiated carcinoma group (P=0.048) and the PD-L1 difference between the two groups suggested that the results were similar to those of SPP1. CONCLUSION: SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung cancer has high positive expression of SPP1 and PD-L1. It was more pronounced in patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma. There may be a positive correlation between SPP1 and PD-L1 expression in SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung cancer and the mechanism of the correlation needs to be further verified in subsequent studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of lemborexant in the treatment of insomnia disorder GUO Lijia, DONG Zixuan, WU Huizhen Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (10): 1429-1435.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.10.015 Abstract （229）      PDF （685KB）（1948）       Knowledge map    Save Lemborexant is a new drug for the treatment of insomnia. It is a dual orexin receptor antagonist that competitively binds to two orexin receptors, OX1R and OX2R, inhibits orexin neurotransmission, and regulates the sleep-wake rhythm. This article comprehensively reviews the discovery of the drug target, basic information, clinical studies, safety assessment, and limitation analysis of lemborexant, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current research status and achievements of this drug in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of hawthorn flavonoids on atherosclerotic and hyperlipidemia LI Junmin, NIU Hengli, XIE Mingquan, SU Jinlong Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (3): 276-282.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.03.005 Abstract （954）      PDF （2953KB）（1928）       Knowledge map    Save AIM: To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of Hawthorn flavone on hy-perlipidemia and atherosclerosis rats. METHODS: The atherosclerosis model was established by high fat diet plus vitamin D2. The blood lipid levels, heart index, atherosclerosis index (AI1, AI2) and cor-onary heart index were measured in each group. The histopathological changes of aorta were ob-served by oil red O staining, HE staining and Mas-son staining. ELISA experiments were used to de-tect IL-6, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and VCAM-1 protein level. RESULTS: Compared with normal group, total cho-lesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipopro-tein (LDL-C), heart index, atherosclerosis index (AI1, AI2) and coronary index in atherosclerosis model group were significantly increased (P<0.01), while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased (P<0.01). The pathological score of aorta and the degree of fibrosis were sig-nificantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, TC, TG, LDL-C, heart index, atherosclerosis index (AI1, AI2) and coronary heart index were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and high-density lipo-protein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly in-creased (P<0.01) in medium, high dose hawthorn flavonoids and atorvastatin groups. The pathological score of aorta significantly decreased and the degree of fibrosis significantly improved (P<0.01). The variation trend of blood lipid levels in hyperlip-idemia rats is basically consistent with atheroscle-rotic rats. Meanwhile, compared with model group, the medium, high dose hawthorn flavonoids and atorvastatin groups could significantly inhibit the expression levels of IL-6, MCP-1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 adhesion molecules (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The hawthorn flavone can inhibit the forma-tion of aortic endothelial atherosclerotic plaque, re-duce the degree of fibrosis and inflammation of atherosclerotic plaque in rats, and achieve the pur-pose of anti-atherosclerosis. Meanwhile, the haw-thorn flavone has the effect of regulating blood lip-id. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in clinical research on remazolam XIN Yuqi, CAO Ya, WANG Yulong Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (10): 1195-1200.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.10.014 Abstract （909）      PDF （624KB）（1919）       Knowledge map    Save Benzodiazepines are among the most commonly used drugs in the field of anesthesia. Remazolam is a newly developed ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, which has the characteristics of rapid onset, rapid recovery, high safety, and less side effects such as hypotension and respiratory depression. The aim of this review is to summarize the progress of pharmacokinetics, clinical pharmacology mechanism of action and clinical application of remazolam. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advancements and frontiers in targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer DU Nan, WEI Miaoyan, XU Jin Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (2): 183-192.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.02.004 Abstract （1157）      PDF （762KB）（1866）       Knowledge map    Save The incidence of pancreatic cancer has been increasing each year, and the 5-year survival rate is still around 10%. Diagnosis and treatment strategies are major concerns in the industry. Gene sequencing and multi-omics research have revealed more signal pathways and actionable targets, offering the potential for new targeted therapeutic drugs. However, current drug treatment for pancreatic cancer still relies mainly on chemotherapy, and targeted therapy strategies are not yet fully developed and require further discussion. As basic and translational research in pancreatic cancer advances and precision medicine develops, it is expected that targeted treatment for pancreatic cancer will become more precise and individualized in the future. This article discusses the current progress and frontiers of targeted treatment for pancreatic cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in precision diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma CHEN Zhenmei, CHEN Jinhong Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (2): 159-170.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.02.002 Abstract （827）      PDF （909KB）（1833）       Knowledge map    Save Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous biliary malignancy characterized by challenges in early diagnosis, limited efficacy of traditional chemotherapy, and poor prognosis. Due to its significant heterogeneity at the genomic, epigenetic, and molecular levels, molecular testing and targeted therapy have become increasingly important in CCA management, forming an integral part of the era of precision oncology. The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has advanced research into the molecular subtypes and therapeutic targets of CCA, including FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements, IDH1 mutations, and BRAF mutations. Recently, two phase III clinical trials, TOPAZ-1 and KEYNOTE-966, have established the pivotal role of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in advanced CCA. While precision diagnosis and treatment in CCA have shown promising progress, this field remains in its exploratory phase and faces numerous challenges. This review summarizes recent advancements in the diagnosis, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, resistance mechanisms, and the development of novel strategies for CCA.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on mechanisms and therapeutic drugs of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor in treatment of cholestatic liver disease WANG Anjing, WANG Yaya, LIANG Xuan, YAN Yajie, SU Jing, LI Caidong Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (7): 796-808.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.07.011 Abstract （705）      PDF （851KB）（1805）       Knowledge map    Save Cholestatic liver disease is a common disease that causes bile flow dysfunction due to various reasons. The etiology of cholestatic liver disease is complexed, and therapeutic drugs are extremely limited. To date, ursodeoxycholic acid is the only FDA-approved drug for treating primary biliary cirrhosis, whereas its efficacy is limited to early stage of the disease, therefore novel drugs are urgently needed. Nuclear receptors become therapeutic hotspot target in cholestasis since these receptors play a key role in regulating bile acid homeostasis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is an important nuclear receptor involved in regulating multiple mechanisms of cholestasis in vivo. It can improve intrahepatic cholestasis by inhibiting bile acid synthesis, reducing bile acid toxicity, affecting the expression of bile acid metabolic enzymes and transporters, and can play an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-fibrosis role. A number of studies have shown that PPAR agonists represented by fibrates alone or in combination can improve liver function indexes, inflammatory factors and fibrosis markers in patients with cholestasis. This review analyzes and summarizes the lastest advances in the molecular mechanism of PPAR as a therapeutic target for cholestasis and drug treatment in development or have been used in clinical. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanisms of endocrine-resistance and therapeutic breakthroughs in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer ZHANG Huyunlong, ZHU Xiuzhi, JIN Xi, SHAO Zhimin Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (8): 854-865.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.08.002 Abstract （557）      PDF （1473KB）（1725）       Knowledge map    Save Breast cancers that are positive for hormone receptor but negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (abbreviated as HR+/HER2-) account for approximately 60% of total cases. Targeting estrogen signaling is one of the most important therapeutic strategies for HR+/HER2- breast cancer. However, the management of endocrine-resistant HR+/HER2- breast cancer remains a difficult issue in clinical practice. Previous multi-omic analysis and translational research have identified the mechanisms underlying endocrine-resistance including genomic alteration and abnormal epigenetic modification. To overcome endocrine-resistance, we have established a comprehensive and coherent therapeutic strategy.  In addition, several novel therapies have shown promising efficacy in previous clinical trials and will emerge as alternative options for targeting endocrine-resistant HR+/HER2- breast cancer. In this review, we will introduce the mechanisms of endocrine-resistance, explain the current therapeutic strategy for endocrine-resistant HR+/HER2- breast cancer and discuss the possible targeted therapies in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the mechanism of action of Siheifang on zebrafish melanin based on metabolomics and network pharmacology SU Qihui, WANG Jing, LUO Rongrong, HUANG Yurong, LI Xin, WANG Yingli, JIA Ying Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2024, 29 (9): 988-1001.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2024.09.004 Abstract （425）      PDF （4001KB）（1692）       Knowledge map    Save AIM: To study the mechanism of Siheifang (SHF) in improving pigment deficiency disease (PD) by combining network pharmacology and metabolomics. METHODS: Using zebrafish embryos with pigment deficiency disease induced by 1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU) as an animal model, the effects of SHF extract (0.01, 0.02, 0.04 mg/mL) on the morphology, melanin area, tyrosinase activity, and melanin content of zebrafish embryos were analyzed. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was used to screen differential metabolites and obtain relevant metabolic pathways in the SHF treatment of melanin deficient zebrafish embryos model. Network pharmacology was used to obtain key targets for SHF treatment of PD and conduct KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Import The identified differential metabolites and SHF PD intersection targets were imported into the Metscape plugin, to establish a "metabolite reaction enzyme gene" network, and search for key metabolites, targets, and metabolic pathways. RESULTS: SHF treatment could increase the formation of zebrafish melanin, activate tyrosinase activity, and increase melanin content. Metabolomics analysis obtained 54 differential metabolites, and metabolic pathway analysis was conducted on these metabolites, involving the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis pathways. Network pharmacology had obtained 55 cross targets of components and diseases. KEGG involved pancreatic cancer, TNF, cancer and other signal pathways. The joint analysis of metabolomics and network pharmacology identified four key targets: COMT, CYP1B1, TYR, and ALDH2; three key metabolites: L-tyrosine, homovanllate, L-lysine; three important metabolic pathways: tyrosine metabolism, valine/leucine/isoleucine degradation, and lysine metabolism. CONCLUSION: SHF has a good improvement effect on PD, and combined with metabolomics and network pharmacology, SHF may enhance its influence on the tyrosine metabolism pathway by regulating the metabolite L-tyrosine, thereby promoting the formation of melanin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular and renal benefits LIU Zihan, DU Wenyu, GUO Caihui, WANG Zhi, LI Ying, DONG Zhanjun Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (3): 412-418.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.03.015 Abstract （427）      PDF （952KB）（1691）       Knowledge map    Save Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an insulin resistance disease. Improving insulin resistance and controlling blood glucose are the main means of clinical treatment for T2DM. Empagliflozin is a highly selective sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLT)2 inhibitor, which is independent of insulin. It can effectively control blood glucose levels, reduce blood pressure and body weight, protect heart and kidney function, reduce the rehospitalization rate and the risk of death in patients with heart failure (HF), and does not increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Empagliflozin can be used alone or in combination with other hypoglycemic drugs to control blood glucose. This article reviews the mechanism of action, clinical benefits, and combination with other drugs of empagliflozin, aiming to provide reference for the clinical use of empagliflozin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on targeted therapy combined with immune-activating strategies in CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer NIE Yang, WANG Yue, WEI Jia Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (2): 146-158.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.02.001 Abstract （1068）      PDF （1213KB）（1668）       Knowledge map    Save Claudin 18 isoform 2 (Claudin18.2, CLDN18.2) is a crucial structural protein involved in cell-cell tight junctions. While its expression is limited in normal tissues, it is specifically overexpressed in malignant tumors such as gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and esophageal cancer, making it a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Recent advances in CLDN18.2-targeted therapies have been encouraging, and studies suggest that CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer may possess a unique immune microenvironment. This raises the potential for combining targeted therapies with immune activation to achieve synergistic effects, potentially improving treatment outcomes for patients with advanced gastric cancer. This review will focus on the immune microenvironment characteristics of CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer and summarize the current research and clinical trial progress in targeted therapies combined with immune activation for this specific cancer type. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on signaling pathway of tanshinoneIIA in treatment of nerve injury after ischemic stroke QIN Wenxiu, XU Junfeng, YANG Ting, WANG Pingfei Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (6): 705-713.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.06.014 Abstract （666）      PDF （758KB）（1665）       Knowledge map    Save Tanshinone IIA is one of the main active components of traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza, which plays a pharmacological role, and has been proved by modern research to have the effect of anti ischemic stroke nerve damage. This article reviews the signal pathway and mechanism of tanshinone IIA on nerve damage after ischemic stroke in recent years through literature search, and finds that tanshinone IIA can regulate the activity and release of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Nrf2, NF-κB. NLRP3, MAPK and other signal pathways, inhibit IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, up regulate the expression of neuron specific structural proteins, inhibit the activation and proliferation of astrocytes, play the role of anti neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, etc., thus reducing the damage of neurons after ischemic stroke, showing the mechanism characteristics of multi target, multi-channel and multi-level interaction. Based on this, this article briefly reviewed the neuroprotective mechanism of tanshinone IIA intervention on the above signal pathways after ischemic stroke, in order to provide reference for the clinical application and drug development of tanshinone IIA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the model informed precision dosing of tacrolimus in patients receiving anti-rejection therapy CHEN Bing, ZUO Xiaocong, LI Xingang, SHANG Dewei, ZHOU Peijun, DING Junjie, XIANG Xiaoqiang, QIU Xiaoyan, WANG Zhuo, LI Xiaoyu, ZHANG Yi, ZHAO Wei, WANG Yuzhu, GAO Jianjun, JIAO Zheng Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (4): 433-445.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.04.001 Abstract （424）      PDF （844KB）（1650）       Knowledge map    Save There is significant inter-individual variation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients receiving tacrolimus (TAC) for anti-rejection therapy, which cause the rejection or toxic action. Based on results of therapeutic drug monitoring and pathophysiological index of transplant patients, the individualized dosing regimen can be designed and adjusted by using model informed precision dosing (MIPD). The patients' clinical outcome can be improved. In the consensus, the different methods of MIPD used for patients received TAC for anti-rejection therapy were introduced, which can be used for the designing and adjusting doing regimen, predicting adverse drug reaction, improving medication adherence and economics during therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of quantitative pharmacology in vaccine research and de-velopment: overview and prospect  MA Guangli, ZHANG Jing Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (3): 315-322.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.03.010 Abstract （840）      PDF （1748KB）（1640）       Knowledge map    Save This article introduces the mechanism including antigen presentation, adjuvant, lymphatic system and the characteristics of vaccine, and then summarizes the key applications of core pharmaco-metrics approaches including QSP, PK/PD, dose re-sponse analysis, MBMA, in dose-response, preclini-cal and clinical translation, and correlation be-tween biomarkers and efficacy of vaccines. It is ex-pected that the successful application of model in-formed drug development can promote model in-formed vaccine development so that pharmaco-metrics makes its due contributions to the develop-ment of safer, more effective and more controlla-ble vaccine products. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the intervention mechanism of Ginkgo biloba for steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head based on network pharmacology CAO Fang, QIN Kairong, ZHENG Guoshuang, ZHAO Dewei Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (3): 266-275.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.03.004 Abstract （471）      PDF （4588KB）（1624）       Knowledge map    Save AIM: To explore the mechanism of Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head based on net-work pharmacology. METHODS: The active ingredients and targets of Ginkgo biloba were predicted by the TCMSP, ADME, and PharmMapper databases. The disease targets related to steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were searched by the GeneCards and OMIM databases. Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to construct a protein-protein inter-action network. The core target analysis, modular analysis, GO enrichment analysis, and KEGG pathway analysis of the targets of Ginkgo biloba in the intervention of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were performed by the STRING database. RESULTS: In this study, a total of 16 active ingredients of Ginkgo biloba and 547 targets were screened, of which 133 targets were related to steroid-induced femoral head necrosis. By PPI network topology analysis, TP53, AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, MAPK1, JUN, MAPK8, EGFR, EGF, and MYC were identified as the core targets. GO modularization analysis showed that these core targets were mainly related to apoptosis and angiogenesis. GO enrichment analysis was used to analyze the biological processes, cellular localization, and molecular functions of the core targets. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the targets were mainly involved in molecular signaling pathways, among which the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was the most relevant. CONCLUSION: Ginkgo biloba can inhibit steroid-induced os-teonecrosis of the femoral head through multiple components, targets, and pathways, which pro-vides the theoretical basis and reference for subse-quent cell and animal experiments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of Fuyangjing gel in the treatment of chronic eczema via JAK1/STAT5 signaling pathway LI Yanmei, MA Chaochao, NIU Fanqi, YANG Pengfei, WANG Ning, WANG Sinong, LI Tingbao Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2024, 29 (9): 1011-1018.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2024.09.006 Abstract （282）      PDF （1234KB）（1617）       Knowledge map    Save AIM: To explore the molecular mechanism of Fuyangjing gel in the treatment of chronic eczema rats model based on janus protein kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling pathway. METHODS: Thirty-six SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Qingpeng ointment group, Fuyangjing gel low, medium and high dose groups. Except the normal group, the other groups of rats were treated with 2,4-dinitrochlorophenone solution to induce chronic eczema-like lesions on the back. After 3 weeks of modeling, Qingpeng ointment group and Fuyangjing gel low, medium and high dose groups were respectively treated with corresponding drugs. The model group was smeared with blank gel matrix once a day for 2 weeks, while the normal group was not treated. The severity and pathological changes of back lesions in chronic eczema rats were observed. The expression of phosphorylated protein tyrosine kinase 1 (p-JAK1) and phosphorylated signal transduction and transcriptional activator 5 (p-STAT5) in rat dorsal skin was detected by Western blot. Detection of thymic stromallymphopietin (TSLP), JAK1, STAT5, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-17 mRNA expression levels in rat back skin by qRT-PCR; The levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17 in serum of rats were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Compared with normal group, the serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-13 and IL-17 in model group were significantly increased, while IL-10 levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The expression levels of p-JAK1, p-STAT5 protein and TSLP, JAK1, STAT5 and IL-17 mRNA in back lesions were significantly increased, while IL-10 mRNA levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-13 and IL-17 in Qingpeng ointment group and Fuyangjing gel low, medium and high dose groups were significantly decreased, while IL-10 levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). The expression levels of p-JAK1, p-STAT5 protein and TSLP, JAK1, STAT5 and IL-17 mRNA in back lesions were significantly decreased, while the mRNA levels of IL-10 were significantly increased (P<0.05). The serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-13 and IL-17 in Qingpeng ointment group were decreased, while IL-10 levels were increased (P<0.05). The expression levels of p-JAK1, p-STAT5 protein and TSLP, JAK1, STAT5 and IL-17 mRNA in back lesions were decreased, while the mRNA levels of IL-10 were increased (P<0.05). Compared with Qingpeng ointment group, there were no significant differences in serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17 in Fuyangjing gel high-dose group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the expression levels of p-JAK1, p-STAT5 protein and TSLP, JAK1, STAT5, IL-10 and IL-17 mRNA in back lesions (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Fuyangjing gel may play a role in the treatment of chronic eczema by regulating the expression of JAK1/STAT5 signaling pathway related inflammatory factors, proteins and genes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Tianma Gouteng Decoction on combining rat model of Hyperactivity of Liver Yang and MCAO based on autophagic flux and CXCL12/CXCR4 axis WANG Xiaoli, SHAO Jing, ZHANG Wei, TIAN Ping, ZHANG Xuexia, LIU Changhe, LI Kaiyan, YANG Dan, GUO Xiaoyan Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (8): 1037-1048.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.08.004 Abstract （223）      PDF （5317KB）（1593）       Knowledge map    Save AIM: To investigate autophagic status in ischemic stroke with Liver Yang Hyperactivity and the mechanism of Tianma Gouteng Decoction (TMGTD). METHODS: SD rats were divided into sham, model, TMGTD high/medium/low-dose (20.52/10.26/5.13 g·kg-1·d-1), and Nimodipine (30 mg·kg-1·d-1) groups. A Liver Yang Hyperactivity and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established using Fuzi Decoction (2 g·kg-1·d-1) and thread-occlusion. After 21 days of Fuzi decoction pretreatment, rats received daily drug administration for 12 days. Syndrome indicators (irritability, 24-hour water intake, 24-hour urine volume, facial temperature) were recorded, plasma NE, E, cAMP, and cGMP were measured by ELISA, neurological function was assessed using Zea Longa and mNSS methods, brain histopathology was evaluated by HE staining, protein expression of soluble/insoluble p62 and LC3B was detected by Western blot, autophagy-related genes were analyzed by PCR array, additionally, mRNA and protein levels of CXCR4 and CXCL12 were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Compared to the sham group, the model group showed increased irritability, 24-hours water intake, 24-hours urine volume, facial temperature, and level of NE, E, cGMP (P<0.01), neurological scores (P<0.01), LC3B-II, insoluble p62, CXCR4, CXCL12 expression (P<0.01), but decreased soluble p62 (P<0.01). TMGTD groups exhibited reduced irritability, water intake, urine volume, facial temperature, NE, E, cGMP (P<0.05, P<0.01), neurological scores (P<0.05, P<0.01), p62 expression (P<0.01), alongside increased LC3B-II (P<0.01) and improved cortical pathology. TMGD also reversed dysregulated autophagy-apoptosis genes (CXCR4, Lamp1, Tgfb1, APP, Rab24) and reduced CXCR4, CXCL12 expression (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:In the Liver Yang Hyperactivity and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model, autophagy genes were activated but flux was impaired, and Tianma Gouteng Decoction may protect by restoring autophagic flux and inhibiting the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitors in treatment of plaque psoriasis and their progress in clinical trials  SHEN Jiaqing, LIU Yi Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (3): 323-330.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.03.011 Abstract （544）      PDF （1286KB）（1590）       Knowledge map    Save As a chronic, immune-mediated in-flammatory disease, plaque psoriasis has a great burden of disease and influences on patient's physi-cal and mental health. In the past decade, plaque psoriasis treatment with biological agents achieved breakthrough development, while oral drugs with promising efficacy and safety are yet to be met. By cell signal transduction, the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway plays an important role in numerous immune-relat-ed diseases. Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), a member of the JAK family, can impact on plaque psoriasis by regulating signaling and functional responses down-stream of IL-12, IL-23, IFN. Deucravacitinib, a highly selective TYK2 inhibitor, has finished its phase 3 clinical trials and shown its efficacy and safety in treatment of plaque psoriasis. Several kinds of TYK2 inhibitors are under research and develop-ment at the moment. In this review, we demon-strate roles of JAK-STAT pathway and TYK2 in plaque psoriasis as well as updates on ongoing and recently completed trials of TYK2 inhibitors.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in specified populations CHEN Guihai, DENG Liying, DU Yijie, HUANG Zhili, JIANG Fan, JIN Furui, LI Yanpeng, LIU Chunfeng, PAN Jiyang, PENG Yanhui, SU Changjun, TANG Jiyou, WANG Tao, WANG Zan, WU Huijuan, XUE Rong, YANG Yuechang, YU Fengchun, YU Huan, ZHAN Shuqin, ZHANG Hongju, ZHANG Lin, ZHAO Zhengqing, ZHAO Zhongxin Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2024, 29 (8): 841-852.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2024.08.001 Abstract （1074）      PDF （795KB）（1561）       Knowledge map    Save Clinicians need to focus on various points in the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. This article prescribed the treatment protocol based on the unique features, such as insomnia in the elderly, women experiencing specific physiological periods, children insomnia, insomnia in sleep-breathing disorder patients, insomnia in patients with chronic liver and kidney dysfunction. It provides some reference for clinicians while they make decision on diagnosis, differentiation and treatment methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the treatment of early Alzheimer's disease with lecanemab JIN Panpan, LIU Yang, QIU Bo, WU Huizhen Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2024, 29 (2): 207-214.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2024.02.011 Abstract （1068）      PDF （672KB）（1552）       Knowledge map    Save Lecanemab is a new drug used to treat early Alzheimer's disease (AD) with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. It is a human anti-Aβ fibril monoclonal IgG1 antibody, which is injected intravenously into the patient, through the blood-brain barrier into the brain, clearing amyloid plaque, thereby slowing the rate of cognitive decline in patients and delaying disease progression. This article reviews the pharmacological studies, clinical studies, safety and limitations of lecanemab, in order to help clinical understand the current research status and existing achievements of this drug. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of the classical TCM formula Huaihua powder  CHEN Cheng, DENG Yu, GONG Youlan, ZHANG Zhenming, DUAN Wulei, QING Jun, ZHANG Bo Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (6): 697-704.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.06.013 Abstract （762）      PDF （734KB）（1542）       Knowledge map    Save Huaihua powder, a classical TCM formula, was initially recorded in Pu Ji Ben Shi Fang by the prestigious physician Xu Shuwei. It is a classical prescription for treating "chang-feng-zang-du"(chang-feng-xia-xue). Modern research shows that the main components of Huaihua powder are flavonoids, volatile oil, saponins and so on, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hemostatic, antibacterial, anti-tumor and other pharmacological effects.The clinical application is mostly used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, radioactive enteritis, hemorrhoid postoperative bleeding and other skin diseases. Its modern clinical application is slightly better than the ancient clinical application. This paper summarized and summarized the chemical composition and analysis method, process research and quality control, modern pharmacology and clinical application, and discussed the material basis and research direction of its efficacy. Based on the research results, combined with the modern pharmacology and clinical application of Huaihua powder, it is recommended to develop the entire pharmacological active ingredients of this classic formula, as well as the main effective ingredients, anti-inflammatory targets, and mechanism of action for the treatment of radiation induced enteritis, allergic purpura, and other skin diseases. Related Articles | Metrics