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Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (4): 477-.   Abstract （173）      PDF （263KB）（8944）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Progression of sulodexide and clinical application WANG Ya-min Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2010, 15 (1): 109-115.   Abstract （546）      PDF （242KB）（8216）       Knowledge map    Save Sulodexide is a new type of natural glycosaminogly cans, contains two main components to different synergistic action principle, with anticoagulation, thrombolysis, ant i-cardiovascular disease, reducing blood lipid, protecting the kidneys and other role, In recent years, in the treatment of cardio vascular disease, peripheral artery disease, post-phlebitis syndrome, complications of diabetes, especially diabetic nephropathy, etc.The clinical application attracted attention, this article on its chemical composition, pharmacokinetics, biological activity,quality control, mechanism and pharmacology, clinical research and applications, and recent research are reviewed.To be compared with similar drugs heparin, sulode xide to special due to be taken orally, the bioavailability of high, fewer side effects, and with heparin no role of the decomposition of fat can be considered more widely applied.Currently only the imported products, domestic manufacturers are in research and development stage, Ibelieve that in the near future will be made to sulodexide in china. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory and excitatory effects of sodium nitroprusside on supraoptic nucleus neurons in vitro1 HUANG Hong-Ping, WANG Meng-Ya Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2001, 6 (1): 15-17.   Abstract （148）      PDF （139KB）（1150）       Knowledge map    Save Aim To realize the regulatory actions of nitric oxide (NO) on supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons by observing the effects of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on SON neurons. Methods The cell electrophysioloical properties were obtained by the intracellular recording techniques from the SON neurons in adult rat hypothalamic slices. Results In 11 silent cells, superfusion of SNP(1 m mol·L-1) for 3?5 min resulted in the depolarization response with a decrease of membrane resistance and time constant CP <0.05) in 55 % of cells while hyperpolarization with an increase of membrane resistance in 45% of neurons. In 73% of tested cells, SNP also decreased the amplitude, overshoot, firing frequency and slope of current voltage curve and increased the after hyperpolarization of action potentials evoked by intracellular depolarizing current pulses (P <3.05).However, SNP enhanced the spontaneous firing in 67% of 6 tested cells with spontaneous activities. Conclusion SNP presents an inhibitory or excitatory effect on SON neurons in a neuron type-and functional state-dependent manner, which suggests that NO may exhibit adverse regulatory actions on SON neurons. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Astragalus membranceus and mung bean on arsenolite-induced rats LI Dong-ming, YI Zhen-nan, LIANG Biao Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2005, 10 (2): 222-225.   Abstract （215）      PDF （178KB）（4487）       Knowledge map    Save AIM: To investigate the effects of oral administration of Astragalus membranceus, mung bean and arsenolite on the toxic of the arsenolite-induced rats and the possible mechanisms with metallothionein (MT). METHODS: All the rats were oral administration with arsenolite.The Astragalus membranceus and mung bean were compared with the cadmium chloride which induced MT synthesis.The contents of MT were determined by cadmium saturation method, the liver mRNA levels for MT1, MT2 were detected by RT-PCR.The protective effects of renal and liver were observed by testing alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCR).RESULTS: The contents of MT were accorded with the mRNA expression of MT1, MT2.Arsenolite, Astragalus membranceus and mung bean could induce the synthesis of MT, but the contents of MT which arsenolite induced were trace.The contents of MT significantly increased after oral administration of Astragalus membranceus and mung bean, especially in the Astragalus membranceus group (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Astragalus membranccus and mung bean has a significantly inference in the MT and an antagonistic action on arsenolite-induced rats. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in clinical application of topical anesthesia TAO Yijia, YANG Chun, LIU Cunming Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (5): 594-600.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.05.015 Abstract （586）      PDF （614KB）（6717）       Knowledge map    Save Topical anesthesia are being widely used in clinical diagnostic or therapeutic fields such as ophthalmology, ENT, dermatology, urology. It is defined as superficial loss of sensation in mucous membranes or skin, produced by direct application of penetrating local anesthetics. Topical anesthesia has the advantages of simple performance, high safety, quick recovery, which can effectively improve patient's satisfaction. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the concept of comfortable diagnosis and treatment. The new drugs and application methods of topical anesthesia are emerging constantly, special attention must be paid to their pharmacological characteristics and possible adverse reactions when using them. This article reviews the research progress of topical anesthesia in clinical application in order to provide reference for clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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The assay of the 3-o-methyl-d-glucose (3-OMG) in plasma with derivatization method by High Performance Liquid Chromatography M'boungou Gwladys Jysmard, WANG Xin-ting, LIU Xiao-dong Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2010, 15 (11): 1245-1250.   Abstract （221）      PDF （336KB）（558）       Knowledge map    Save AIM: To establish a convenient method to analyze 3-O-Methyl-D-Glucose (3-OMG) in rat plasma using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) as a pre-column derivatizing agent, and in the mean time using this method to analyze the 3-OMG in rat plasma. METHODS: 3-OMG reacted easily with PMP in the presence of 0.4 mol/L NaOH at a 70 ℃ water bath. The derivatives were analyzed by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and monitored by ultraviolet detector at 245 nm. RESULTS: All linear coefficients were over 0.991, and the quantitative limit was 0.0078 mg/mL. The recoveries were found to be 98%-105%. Variations of intra- and inter-day precision were less than 12%. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of 3-OMG in rat plasma. CONCLUSION: This method is simple and effective, and can be adopted to analyze the 3-OMG in the plasma from both normal and diabetic rats. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances and future research prospects in regulatory policies for clinical trials of artificial intelligence medical devices LIANG Hao, WANG Shun, CUI Cheng, SONG Ling, SUN Ailin, LI Man, QIAO Jie, SONG Chunli, LI Haiyan, ZHAO Yangguang, LI Haiyan, ZHANG Chenguang, LIU Dongyang Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (3): 427-431.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.03.017 Abstract （502）      PDF （581KB）（3791）       Knowledge map    Save Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a cutting-edge technology leading the future and is a key engine for China's development. In the innovation and research of medical devices, AI has provided critical support in the areas of intelligent diagnostic assistance, intelligent therapeutic assistance, intelligent monitoring, life support, et al. Machine learning-enabled device software functions (ML-DSFs) have become an essential component of many medical devices. Recently, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a draft guidance titled " Marketing Submission Recommendations for a Predetermined Change Control Plan for Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML)-Enabled Device Software Functions (Draft). " that aimed to provide a forward-looking approach to foster the development of ML medical devices. By supporting iterative updates through modifications, this approach ensures the continuous safety and effectiveness of the devices. This guidance represents the latest in regulatory direction and is especially beneficial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of clinical trials for AI products. Therefore, we plan to provide a detailed introduction and interpretation of the guidance, with the aim of learning from international advanced regulatory concepts and experiences to promote the development of ML-DSFs with more profound international influence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the clinical application and mechanism of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast cancer LI Shanshan, WEI Dandan, KANG Hanyu, LIU Xiaopeng, YAN Shuxun, JIANG Shiqing Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (7): 977-983.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.07.013 Abstract （427）      PDF （988KB）（3503）       Knowledge map    Save Breast cancer is a common clinical gynecological tumor. According to the 2022 global cancer data statistics, breast cancer ranks second in terms of incidence among newly diagnosed cancer cases worldwide. Modern medicine often adopts surgical operation, chemotherapy, and other methods, which have certain efficacy but also many problems such as high drug resistance rates and significant adverse reactions. Chinese patent medicines exhibit extensive anticancer effects. The study found that Shenyi Capsule, Pingxiao Capsule, and Zhenqi Fuzheng Granules were widely used in the treatment of breast cancer, exerting therapeutic effects on breast cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, suppressing angiogenesis, reversing cellular drug resistance, and inhibiting precancerous lesions. Meanwhile, the oral administration of Chinese patent medicines in combination with other traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds, TCM decoctions, or modern medical treatments can improve patients' quality of life and reduce adverse reactions. Currently, there are numerous studies on the treatment of breast cancer with Chinese patent medicines, but a systematic summary is lacking. Therefore, this study conducted a systematic review of the mechanisms of action and clinical applications of Chinese patent medicines as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, aiming to provide guidance for clinical medication. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of evodiamine by high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic studies in rats XU Ji-hua, LIU Wen-ying, ZHENG Feng, SUN Di, YANG Qian, RAO Jin-hua Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2007, 12 (4): 427-433.   Abstract （137）      PDF （258KB）（319）       Knowledge map    Save AIM: To establish an LC-MS MS method for determination of evodiamine concentration in rat plasma and to study its pharmacokinetic profile in rats. METHODS: Six rats were administrated (i.g.)evodiamine at the dose of 100 mg/kg.Blood samples were collected from eye socket.Evodiamine concentration in rat plasma was determined by LC-MS MS method.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS program. RESULTS: A good linear relationship was obtained in the concentration range (0.2-50.0 ng mL) studied (r2 =0.9997).Average recoveries ranged from 96.12 % to 99.46 %.Intra-and inter-day relative standard deviations were 4.61 %-13.51 % and 5.65 %-11.49 %, respectively.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of evodiamine were as follows:Cmax(5.3±1.5) ng mL;tmax(22±8)min;t 1 2(451±176)min. CONCLUSION: A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS MS)method for the quantification of evodiamine in rat plasma is developed and validated.This method is successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic studies of evodiamine in rats. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical evaluation of efficacy of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol in treatment of mild to moderate asthma XIA Qing, DAI Xing-ling, WANG Ru-tao Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2006, 11 (6): 702-705.   Abstract （169）      PDF （179KB）（3478）       Knowledge map    Save AIM: To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of seretide in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate asthma.Methods: This was an opened, self-comparison study.43 patients with mild to moderate asthma were given seretide 50 250 μg inhalation twice daily via accuhaler for 20 weeks.The levels of symptoms and signs before and after therapeutics were recorded as the quality of life.The peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR), forced vital capacity(FVC) and symptomless time were detected.Results: The treatment with seretide resulted in remarkably improvement in efficacy variables of morning and evening PEF, asthma symptom scores.FEV1 and FVC were notably increased after 1 week of treatment and during the treatment period (P<0.01).At the end of 20 weeks treatment, asthma quality of life scores were improved significantly (P<0.01).The amount of asymptomatic day of patients with mild to moderate asthma were increased.There were 39 patients achieving the criteria for well-controlled.Only 1 patient had hoarseness.Conclusion: Seretide possesses the advantage of effectiveness, safety and well tolerance in patients with mild to moderate asthma. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the treatment of depression with monome of Chinese herb, drug pairs, compound prescriptions and Chinese patent drugs CHEN Ying, YUAN Yonggui Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2021, 26 (5): 586-593.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2021.05.016 Abstract （1788）      PDF （536KB）（5096）       Knowledge map    Save Depression is a relatively common psychosomatic disease in clinical practice. It is mainly characterized by significant and lasting depression. It generally manifests as depression, loss of interest, impaired cognitive function, etc. Some patients are accompanied by somatization symptoms such as insomnia or lethargy, Loss of appetite, fatigue, loss of libido, etc. In severe cases, self-injury or even suicide may occur. According to research, depression has become the third leading cause of disability and death. At present, the pathogenesis of depression has not been definitively concluded, but a large number of studies have shown that it is related to biochemical, neuroendocrine, and neuroimmunological factors. At present, selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors are routinely used in clinical treatment, such as sertraline, citalopram, Prozac, etc., but they often have slow onset and obvious side effects, making it difficult to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects. Traditional Chinese medicine has gradually begun to be accepted by doctors and patients in the treatment of refractory diseases due to its multi-component and multi-target characteristics. This article mainly discusses the research progress of Chinese herbal extracts, Chinese herbal medicine pairs, Chinese herbal compound prescriptions, and Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of depression, and provides references for the clinical application of Chinese medicines in the treatment of depression. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in chemotherapy renal injury LIU Yeyuan, QI Yafeng, ZHANG Maofu, LI Xinyu, SHEN Yanyun, LIU Yu, ZHANG Shangzu, LI Yangyang, ZHANG Liying, ZHANG Zhiming Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (4): 556-569.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.04.015 Abstract （379）      PDF （843KB）（2954）       Knowledge map    Save Renal injury is one of the common adverse reactions in the clinical application of chemotherapy drugs, which is the main reason why the chemotherapy can not be carried out in the whole cycle. The pathological mechanism of chemotherapy-induced renal injury is very complicated, mainly involving oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and regulation of transporters, causing pathological damage to renal tubules or glomeruli. At present, there is no specific pharmacological intervention for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced renal injury. As a treasure of traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of overall regulation, multi-targeting, small adverse reactions and no obvious drug dependence in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced renal injury. In recent years, there have been more and more studies on the intervention of chemotherapy-induced renal injury by multi-component and multi-directional intervention of active components, extracts and compounds of traditional Chinese medicine, and some progress has been made. A large number of studies have shown that the potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating renal injury induced by chemotherapy include inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory response and inhibiting apoptosis. Although there are many studies on the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced renal injury, there is still a lack of systematic review. Based on this, this paper summarizes the mechanism of renal injury induced by chemotherapy and the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to provide theoretical support for its clinical treatment and new drug innovation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of Pinellia ternata and its active ingredients in cardiovascular diseases SONG Min, DIAO Tingting, WANG Yichao, LIU Luyi, QI Qiqi, BI Jingjing, ZHU Nailiang, QIAO Xinrong Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (2): 251-264.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.02.013 Abstract （499）      PDF （1237KB）（2828）       Knowledge map    Save Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality in the world. Pinellia ternata is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb and has the effects on drying dampness, resolving phlegm, lowering symptoms, stopping vomiting and relieving swelling. In recent years, researches showed that Pinellia ternata and its active ingredients (β- sitosterol, baicalin, baicalein, quercetin) had significant effects in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review summarized and analyzed the role and mechanism of Pinellia ternata and its active ingredients in cardiovascular diseases, which provided a theoretical basis for its clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status of clinical drug-drug interactions research of innovative small molecule drugs in China LIU Lu, CHEN Xiaoyan Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2021, 26 (8): 863-875.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2021.08.003 Abstract （829）      PDF （629KB）（4067）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the efficacy or reduce the side effects, the combination of two or more drugs is often used in clinical practice, which often brings new medication problems that change the process or efficacy of a drug in vivo due to combination. This article reviews the clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) researches of 44 novel molecular entities which were approved to be launched in China from January 2000 to March 2021. Among them, clinical DDI trials based on test drugs as substrates of the metabolic enzymes (11/44) especially as the substrates of CYP3A4 (7/11) are dominant. The results show that most of test drugs were CYP3A4 substrates with a moderate or lower sensitivity, and no highly sensitive substrates were found. The second is the clinical DDI trials based on synergy or reducing side effects, which mainly focus on the fields of tumors, diabetes, and viral infections, and these studies have not shown pharmacokinetic interactions with clinical significance. The DDI trials of test drugs as metabolic enzyme modulators account for 7/44. And transporter-based DDI trials are relatively rare and most of them are in vitro studies. With the in-depth study of drug metabolism/transport mechanisms in vivo and in vitro, especially the development of clinical trials of radioisotope-labeled drugs and computer simulations, the overall level of DDI research in China is gradually improving, which will provide a solid scientific foundation to ensure drug safety. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advancement of heartleaf houttuynia herb on antibacterial action LI Juan, SHAO Hui, ZHONG Zheng-ling, CHU Ji-ru, XIE Hai-tang Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2012, 17 (12): 1427-1432.   Abstract （740）      PDF （249KB）（5487）       Knowledge map    Save Heartleaf houttuynia herb has many pharmacologic actions especially antibacterial action. This review describes the research advancement of heartleaf houttuynia herb on antibacterial action from three aspects including the whole antibacterial action evaluation, special antibacterial action, and the trouble in clinic and the study direction. This paper provides a review for the next research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the inhibition of cardiac remodeling by vericiguat DING Ding, WU Shengnan, WANG Ancai, WANG Deguo Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (6): 858-863.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.06.016 Abstract （216）      PDF （699KB）（2717）       Knowledge map    Save Heart failure (HF) has become a major global medical burden. Despite the existence of several drugs for the treatment of HF, the prognosis is still not optimistic, which motivates us to seek new treatments for this disease. Vericiguat, a novel soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator, has been approved for use in patients with heart failure. Cardiac remodeling is the important pathophysiological basis of cardiovascular disease occurrence and development, and closely related to the prognosis of patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that vericiguat inhibits cardiac remodeling, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of vericiguat will be important for future studies of this drug as a potential therapy for slowing the severity of heart failure. This article reviews the mechanism and research status of the inhibitory effect of Vericiguat on cardiac remodeling. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and progress in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with metabolic drugs SUN Min, WANG Hongya, HE Hongbo, ZHU Zhiming, GAO Peng Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (7): 984-997.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.07.014 Abstract （329）      PDF （798KB）（2562）       Knowledge map    Save Cardiovascular disease (CVD), as one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality rates globally, has always been a focus of medical research. In recent years, with a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of CVD, novel metabolic drugs have demonstrated great potential in its treatment. These novel drugs regulate multiple aspects of cardiovascular metabolism, including reducing blood glucose and lipid levels, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and protecting vascular endothelial cells, thereby providing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of CVD. In terms of lowering blood glucose levels, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and Metformin, as clinically commonly used drugs, have been proven to be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of CVD, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. For lipid regulation, PCSK9 inhibitors and Ezetimibe, as newly developed lipid-lowering drugs, not only reduce serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels but also directly protect the cardiovascular system from damage. The development and application of these drugs have not only improved the treatment outcomes of CVD but also provided patients with more therapeutic options. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advance on the characteristics and application of CYP450 metabolic enzymes LI Xiao-yu, LIU Gao-lin Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2008, 13 (8): 942-946.   Abstract （555）      PDF （177KB）（4244）       Knowledge map    Save Cytochrome P450 is an important kind of enzymes for the metabolism of drug and other endoor xeno-biotics.Classification of metabolic enzymes, molecular biological characteristic of CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP2A6were described in this review.Influence of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)on metabolic enzyme and its application in clinical drug therapeutics and drug development were also reviewed in this article. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Engineered bacteria modulate tumor-associated macrophages to enhance immunotherapy WANG Long, WANG Yuchen, GUO Yilin, WU Jinhui Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (3): 297-312.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.03.002 Abstract （419）      PDF （1338KB）（2445）       Knowledge map    Save The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment significantly limits the efficacy of immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, often exhibit an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype, contributing to this immunosuppressive landscape. Modulating TAMs to adopt anti-tumor phenotypes can enhance immunotherapy outcomes and inhibit tumor progression.In recent years, tumor immunotherapy leveraging engineered bacteria has garnered considerable attention. Bacteria possess the ability to target tumors, preferentially colonizing tumor regions, and contain abundant pathogen-associated molecular patterns that effectively activate TAMs within the immunosuppressive tumor environment. This activation enhances the tumoricidal and clearance capabilities of TAMs. With the rapid advancements in synthetic biology, engineered bacteria have emerged as a potent therapeutic modality for immunotherapy, leading to increased focus on the regulation of TAMs by engineered bacteria.This paper first outlines clinical studies on targeted TAMs therapy and engineered bacteria-based tumor therapy. It then reviews recent advancements in bacterial regulation of TAMs, detailing how engineered bacteria enhance TAM recruitment, improve TAM phagocytosis, and remodel TAM phenotypes. Modulating TAMs with engineered bacteria presents a promising therapeutic strategy and introduces a novel approach in tumor immunotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preclinical pharmacology research of oxiracetam JIN Lei, LI Bo, YE Lei, CAI Yun-Hong, RONG Zu-Yuan Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2011, 16 (3): 354-360.   Abstract （769）      PDF （267KB）（3570）       Knowledge map    Save It has been more than 20 years since the birth of nootropic drug oxiracetam, extensive and deep research has been focused on its pharmacological features in china and abroad. As a general pharmacologically inactive and non-toxic cognition enhancer, it possesses good pharmacokinetics characteristics. The pharmacological effects of oxiracetam include the improvement of learning and memory and neuroprotective function. The mechanism of its action may involve: the effect on central acetylcholine system and the interaction between other neurotransmitter systems associated with cognition (such as glutamate system, monoamine neurotransmitter system) and the cholinergic system, induction and maintenance of LTP, activation of protein kinase C, promotion of brain metabolism, the impact of peripheral steroid hormones, etc. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progresses in studies on pharmacologic effects of ginsenosides WANG Hai-nan Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2006, 11 (11): 1201-1206.   Abstract （1173）      PDF （214KB）（4033）       Knowledge map    Save Ginsenosides are major active ingredients of ginseng.The Pharmacologic effects of ginsenosides are various.The pharmacologic effects of individual ginsenoside have been studied deeply now, especially focusing on regulation of metabolism.In this article, we reviewed progresses in studies on pharmacologic effects of ginsenosides in recent years in the world, referring to nervous system, small intestinal transit, endocrine system, immune system, signal transduction, anti-aging, hemolysis,burn wound healing, synergy of anti-tumor, human sperm motility, drug metabolism enzyme and lowering plasma glucose.Furthermore, protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides were compared with protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides on the pharmacologic effects briefly. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of metabolomic data: principal component analysis Jiye Aa Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2010, 15 (5): 481-489.   Abstract （1304）      PDF （913KB）（5418）       Knowledge map    Save Metabolomics has been widely applied to life science and showing a promising perspective. Conventional statistic analysis is not applicable to the large, multivariate dataset generated by high-throughput metabolomic tool, while it's of crucial importance to analyze and interpret the dataset. This article reviews the basic methods of principal components analysis(PCA) that is popular in metabolomics study, aiming at strengthening the fundamental knowledge of PCA and standardizing the methods and procedures for data analysis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the role of macrophage polarization in cardiovascular diseases CUI Hanyu, HU Changping Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (4): 548-555.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.04.014 Abstract （358）      PDF （699KB）（2344）       Knowledge map    Save As phagocytic innate immune cells, macrophages interact with various tissue types and play an important role in immune defense, inflammatory response and tissue remodeling. Macrophages participate in the occurrence and development of disease by polarizing into classically activated M1 type and substitutively activated M2 type, or more complex phenotypes, when the tissue microenvironment changes. This paper focused on the application of macrophage polarization in cardiovascular diseases, and introduces macrophage origin and activation to propose the relationship between macrophage polarization and cardiovascular diseases. Then, the strategies for targeted macrophage therapy were proposed to provide an important theoretical basis for improving the inflammatory state of cardiovascular diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on the role of warfarin and the mechanisms YIN Shuo, YU Yue, GUO Xing-lei, LIU Gao-feng Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2015, 20 (3): 327-334.   Abstract （457）      PDF （323KB）（3251）       Knowledge map    Save Warfarin is an oral coumarin anticoagulants which has been commonly used in clinic for anticoagulant therapy, with high protein binding rate, relying on the cytochrome P450 enzyme metabolism, and with narrow therapeutic window, etc.. It easily interacts with other drugs, resulting in serious consequences, such as increased bleeding risk or inadequate anticoagulant therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with unique advantages, and has more opportunities to be coadministered with warfarin.According to the experimental and clinical researches that have been published, the effects and the mechanisms of single traditional Chinese herbs and compound Chinese traditional medicine preparations on warfarin were reviewed and discussed in this paper, in order to provide reference for clinical rational drug use and related researches. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2000, 5 (2): 162-163.   Abstract （168）      PDF （74KB）（4487）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of finerenone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with chronic kidney disease ZHAI Weiwei, YU Qiaoling, LIU Ping, QIU Bo, WU Huizhen Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2022, 27 (9): 1067-1074.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2022.09.015 Abstract （460）      PDF （446KB）（2639）       Knowledge map    Save Finerenone is a new non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, which can prevent and treat type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with chronic kidney disease through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects, and has a significant cardiovascular protection effect. Compared with traditional mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, finerenone has a higher selectivity. In this review, the basic introduction, basic research, clinical research and limitations of finerenone were reviewed in order to provide more ideas and options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with chronic kidney disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussions in pharmacological action and the development in clinical application of puer arin YAO Dan, DING Xuan-sheng Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2008, 13 (4): 468-474.   Abstract （667）      PDF （237KB）（3822）       Knowledge map    Save As a saft and effective traditional Chinese medicine’s parenteral in jection, puerarin, whose molecular formula is 4,7-dihydroxy- 8β-D glucose isoflavone, has comprehensive and extensive phammaco logical action, and is generally used for treatment of cardiovascu lar and cerebrov ascular system diseases such as arhythmia, myocardial ischemia and hypertension.It has an extensive deve lopment perspective. The recent research in the mechanism of phamacological action and clinical application W ere review ed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on the pathological mechanism and treatment of frostbite  ZHANG Li, LIN Xingyao, SHANG Yun, WANG Qiang Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (3): 347-354.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.03.014 Abstract （894）      PDF （808KB）（3642）       Knowledge map    Save Frostbite is a tissue injury that occurs when the body is exposed to extreme cold. Its path-ological mechanism is complex and has not been ful-ly elucidated. In high cold and high altitude areas, outdoor sports people have a high risk of injury, and severe frostbite has high disability and mortality. Ex-ploring the pathological mechanism of frostbite is helpful to determine the treatment methods and timing. At present, the clinical treatment of frostbite is mainly symptomatic treatment, such as drug treatment and surgical treatment, but the curative effect can not meet the clinical needs. Therefore, it is of great significance to seek more efficient drugs or treatment methods. This article reviews the rele-vant research progress in pathophysiological mecha-nism, clinical treatment, cellular and molecular path-ways of frostbite in recent years, in order to provide new ideas for future research and clinical treatment.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of action and research progress of vaccine adjuvants ZHANG Li, LU Chang, AN Minghui, WANG Mengmeng, ZONG Xiaoyu, YU Lin, RAN Zhuo-ling, SONG Jing, LI Huijie, GONG Jian Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2024, 29 (7): 785-791.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2024.07.008 Abstract （1003）      PDF （831KB）（2742）       Knowledge map    Save Vaccines are among the most effective measures for preventing infectious diseases and play a crucial role in controlling the spread of these diseases. Adjuvants, serving as auxiliary components in vaccines, are indispensable in the vaccine development process. Ideal adjuvants not only enhance the immune response, enabling the body to achieve optimal protective immunity but also play important roles in reducing the dosage of immunogens and lowering vaccine production costs. To meet the demands of novel vaccines, many new types of adjuvants have been developed. However, there is still a lack of adjuvants that are safe, effective, easy to prepare, highly pure, and suitable for a variety of vaccines in clinical settings. This article categorizes adjuvants and summarizes their mechanisms of action and characteristics, focusing on traditional aluminum salt adjuvants and more modern lipid-based and nucleic acid-based adjuvants. The summary is based on a computer search of databases including PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP Database, and Wanfang Database, using English search keywords such as Adjuvants, Vaccine, Vaccine Adjuvant, aluminum salts, MF59, AS03, Toll-like receptor agonist, etc., and corresponding Chinese search terms. The aim is to provide references for the development and application of adjuvants. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advancement in pharmacokinetic mechanisms of herb-drug interaction HE Ji-chao, ZHOU Fang, ZHANG Jing-wei, YAN Ting-ting, WANG Guang-ji Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2014, 19 (4): 470-475.   Abstract （561）      PDF （316KB）（3144）       Knowledge map    Save Recently, there is a dramatic increase in the combination use of traditional Chinese medicine and western drug, causing various drug interactions and adverse effects. This combination can not only change physiochemical properties of the related drugs and physiological nature of human body, but regulate expression and function of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, which a play key role in drug metabolism and disposition in vivo. Pharmacokinetic interaction then takes place frequently, together with alteration in clinical outcome. The paper summarizes the pharmacokinetics and assessment approaches of herb-drug interaction, acting as a reference for practical use and research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dose conversion among different animals and healthy volunteers in pharmacological study HUANG Ji-Han,HUANG Xiao-Hui, CHEN Zhi-Yang, ZHENG Qing-Shan, SUN Rui-Yuan Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2004, 9 (9): 1069-1072.   Abstract （1785）      PDF （152KB）（5918）       Knowledge map    Save In order to obtain equivalent dose, a dose conversion was important among different animals and healthy volunteers in preclinical pharmacology and I phase clinical trials. Body coefficient and standard weight were introduced into the formula to estimate the equivalent dose in this paper. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The NO-sGC-cGMP pathway and heart failure LI Dilu, PEI Yuanyuan, WANG Wuchao, CAO Lingjie, YANG Fengtao, SHI Shuangkui, ZHOU Guyue, YANG Kunyu, ZHU Jihong Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (5): 702-708.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.05.015 Abstract （400）      PDF （621KB）（2148）       Knowledge map    Save Heart failure, as a global public health challenge, is experiencing an increasingly severe disease burden. Given the close relationship between the Nitric Oxide-Soluble Guanylate Cyclase-Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (NO-sGC-cGMP) signaling pathway and heart failure, this study, through a comprehensive search and review of recent literature on the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway and heart failure, aims to outline the mechanism of action of this signaling pathway and its connection with heart failure, in order to explore new avenues for the treatment of heart failure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on anti-tumor mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum active ingredients LV Yujiao, ZHOU Shuting, WANG Lina, SHEN Mingmei, LIU Yongchao Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2024, 29 (8): 947-954.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2024.08.012 Abstract （950）      PDF （712KB）（2720）       Knowledge map    Save Malignant tumors are one of the main causes of death from chronic diseases in China, and their incidence and mortality rates show an increasing trend year by year. Advanced non-surgical treatment of malignant tumors is an important means of improving patients' prognosis and enhancing their quality of life. The traditional Chinese medicine Ganoderma lucidum has anti-tumor effects and plays a role in the treatment of many malignant tumors. In this paper, a systematic review of the effects of Ganoderma lucidum active ingredients on tumors has been conducted at home and abroad in the past five years to explore the anti-tumor mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum active ingredients and to lay a theoretical foundation for the application of Ganoderma lucidum active ingredients in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2001, 6 (1): 88-91.   Abstract （137）      PDF （138KB）（2778）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in plasma concentration monitoring of rivaroxaban YU Qiaoling, ZHAI Weiwei, LIU Ping, QIU Bo, WU Huizhen Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2023, 28 (7): 809-817.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.07.012 Abstract （749）      PDF （654KB）（2728）       Knowledge map    Save Rivaroxaban, a novel oral anticoagulant drug, is widely prescribed in clinical practice. Rivaroxaban offers predictable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, a lowprobability of drug-drug and food-drug interactions. Compared with warfarin, rivaroxaban does not require continuous therapeutic monitoring and can be administered in fixed doses.However,in certain emergency clinical situations, such as bleeding, acute stroke, acute kidney injury, prior to urgent surgery and in the suspected accumulation of durg, plasma concentration monitoring of rivaroxaban is necessary and important for patients. Existing studies proved that there were significant individual variability and wide range in the plasma rivaroxaban concentration, which increased the risk of clinical use. Therefore, Data in the degree of rivaroxaban concentration may provide recommendations for the clinical application to promote medication safety and individuality in the future. This article collected the latest literatures and case reports related to research progress of rivaroxaban plasma concentration monitoring, and Summarized influencing factors, monitoring methods, so as to provide a basis for further study on rational use of rivaroxaban in clinical. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of retinoids in the treatment of epidermodysplasia verruciformis LIAO Wei-jian, HUANG Jian-qing Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2014, 19 (1): 112-115.   Abstract （262）      PDF （187KB）（3140）       Knowledge map    Save Retinoids are compounds of similar structures to natural vitamin A. Till now, there are only a few reports that cover Epidermodysplasia verruciformis treated with retinoids. Certain clinical efficacy of Retinoids in dealing with Epidermodysplasia verruciformis has been proved yet the number of the cases is not enough and requires further systematical comparable research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the mechanism of action of Siheifang on zebrafish melanin based on metabolomics and network pharmacology SU Qihui, WANG Jing, LUO Rongrong, HUANG Yurong, LI Xin, WANG Yingli, JIA Ying Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2024, 29 (9): 988-1001.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2024.09.004 Abstract （425）      PDF （4001KB）（1692）       Knowledge map    Save AIM: To study the mechanism of Siheifang (SHF) in improving pigment deficiency disease (PD) by combining network pharmacology and metabolomics. METHODS: Using zebrafish embryos with pigment deficiency disease induced by 1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU) as an animal model, the effects of SHF extract (0.01, 0.02, 0.04 mg/mL) on the morphology, melanin area, tyrosinase activity, and melanin content of zebrafish embryos were analyzed. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was used to screen differential metabolites and obtain relevant metabolic pathways in the SHF treatment of melanin deficient zebrafish embryos model. Network pharmacology was used to obtain key targets for SHF treatment of PD and conduct KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Import The identified differential metabolites and SHF PD intersection targets were imported into the Metscape plugin, to establish a "metabolite reaction enzyme gene" network, and search for key metabolites, targets, and metabolic pathways. RESULTS: SHF treatment could increase the formation of zebrafish melanin, activate tyrosinase activity, and increase melanin content. Metabolomics analysis obtained 54 differential metabolites, and metabolic pathway analysis was conducted on these metabolites, involving the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis pathways. Network pharmacology had obtained 55 cross targets of components and diseases. KEGG involved pancreatic cancer, TNF, cancer and other signal pathways. The joint analysis of metabolomics and network pharmacology identified four key targets: COMT, CYP1B1, TYR, and ALDH2; three key metabolites: L-tyrosine, homovanllate, L-lysine; three important metabolic pathways: tyrosine metabolism, valine/leucine/isoleucine degradation, and lysine metabolism. CONCLUSION: SHF has a good improvement effect on PD, and combined with metabolomics and network pharmacology, SHF may enhance its influence on the tyrosine metabolism pathway by regulating the metabolite L-tyrosine, thereby promoting the formation of melanin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on pharmacokinetic interactions of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors DENG Yanru, CAO Gexi, LI Ying, LI Yajing, DONG Zhanjun Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2025, 30 (4): 570-576.   DOI: 10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2025.04.016 Abstract （329）      PDF （651KB）（2063）       Knowledge map    Save Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of oral hypoglycemic drugs with definite hypoglycemic effects, low risk of hypoglycemia, cardiovascular protection, and kidney benefits. In recent years, SGLT2 inhibitors have been widely used in clinical practice, and their interactions with other drugs have gradually attracted attention. The SGLT2 inhibitors commonly used in China's clinic include canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin and henagliflozin currently, they are mainly metabolized by the phase Ⅱ metabolic enzyme uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and various transporters are involved in the disposal of SGLT2 inhibitors in vivo. This article reviews the pharmacokinetic characteristics of different SGLT2 inhibitors mentioned above, as well as their pharmacokinetic interaction studies with various drugs such as statins, antineoplastic drugs, antimicrobials, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and traditional Chinese medicine, in order to promote the safe and rational use of SGLT2 inhibitors in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the pharmacokinetics of prodrugs ZHU Yin-ci, SUN Jian-guo, PENG Ying, WANG Guang-ji Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2012, 17 (12): 1433-1440.   Abstract （629）      PDF （587KB）（3418）       Knowledge map    Save Prodrugs are chemicals with little or no pharmacological activity, which can be changed to therapeutically active metabolite after undergoing biotransformation in vivo. The design of prodrugs has become an important way to overcome the shortcomings of drugs such as poor solubility, low bioavailability, short elimination half-life, devoid of ideal targets and so on. However, there still lacks criteria to evaluate pharmacokinetic properties of prodrugs. This paper reviews the pharmacokinetic profiles of various types of prodrugs in recent years, and proposes full evaluation from absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion perspectives. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Contrast research of Aristolochia L.plants with substitution materials for medicine LIU Yong-ye, LI Lian-da, WU Li-mao, ZHAO Ying Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics    2006, 11 (8): 841-846.   Abstract （170）      PDF （213KB）（2753）       Knowledge map    Save Aristolochia L herbs encounters the denial as a result of the kidney toxicity, so it is impatient duty to explore the substitution materials for medicine.This article compared the Aristolochia medicinal plants with the substitution materials according to the stipulation of ”Pharmacopoeia of Chinese”regarding herb, effect, chemical composition and mechanism, and discussed its feasibility.In addition, the pathology of the Aristolochinc Acid Nephropathy was briefly introduced. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics