Table of Content

Volume 19 Issue 12
26 December 2014

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Curcumin improves the impaired working memory in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats by inhibiting the stress response

JI Bin, LIU Xu-hua, YANG Fang-hua, ZHOU Rui, CAO Hong, LI Jun

2014, 19(12):  1321-1325. 

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AIM: To investigate the ameliorative effect of curcumin pretreatment against impaired spatial working memory on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: After trained on a modified T-maze, 120 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: SHAM group, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (IR group), Curcumin group (CUR group), corticosterone group (CORT group) and Curcumin+CORT group (CUR+CORT group). Rats were treated with drugs or vehicles 1 h before 10min global cerebral ischemia. Six rats in each group 7 days after reperfusion were tested in T-maze. Six rats in each group were sacrificed at 2 h,1, 3 and 7d after reperfusion and their serum or brains were harvested. TUNEL assays were performed using the in situ cell death detection kit to detect the apoptosis neurons of CA1 area. Levels of serum corticosterone and hippocampi brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) was detected using ELISA procedure. RESULTS: Compared with SHAM group, corticosterone levels in IR group was increased (164±36 vs 92±24,P<0.05),and BDNF in hippocampiwas decreased (8.7±2.8 vs 19.4±5.1,P<0.05), apoptotic neurons in CA1 areas was increased (233±22 vs 21±4,P<0.01), and percentage of T-maze correct responses was decreased (65%±7% vs 87%±9%,P<0.05). Compared with IR group, serum corticosterone levels in CUR group was decreased (102±18, P<0.05), BDNF in hippocampi was increased (13.3±3.3, P<0.05), apoptotic neurons in CA1 areas was decreased (163±11, P<0.05), and percentage of T-maze correct responses was increased (79%±10%, P<0.05). Compared with IR group, CORT group hippocampi BDNF levels was decreased(4.4±1.2, P<0.05), apoptotic neurons in CA1 areas was increased(332±35, P<0.05), and percentage of T-maze correct responses was decreased(58%±6%, P<0.05). Compared with CORT group, hippocampi BDNF levels in CUR+CORT group was increased(10.5±2.3, P<0.05), apoptotic neurons in CA1 areas was decreased(211±27, P<0.05), and percentage of T-maze correct responses was increased (71%±12%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Curcumin pretreatment improves the impaired spatial working memory in global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats by inhibiting the stress response.

Toxicokinetics of triptolide in Beagle dogs after oral and intravenous administration

SHAO Feng, SUN Jian-guo, WANG Guang-ji

2014, 19(12):  1326-1331. 

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AIM: To explore the toxicokinetic properties of triptolide in Beagle dogs after oral and intravenous administration and to observe it's toxicity for providing the further information of deeply investigating the mechanism of triptolide. METHODS: 25 Beagle dogs were divided into five groups, group A(0.1 mg/kg), group B(0.08 mg/kg), group C(0.05 mg/kg) by oral administration, group D(0.08 mg/kg)by intravenous administration and group E for blank control, respectively. These dogs were dosed continually for 14 days. The plasma/serum or tissue samples were collected for toxicokinetic analysis and toxic evaluation including routine biochemical assays and histopathological inspection. RESULTS: Comparing the PK parameters on Day 1, there were some changes on Day 14 after exposing to triptolide for 14 days either oral or intravenous administration. AUC_0-∞ and C_max were increased from 145.86 to 276.24 ng·h·mL^-1 and from 44.49 to 75.26 ng/mL respectively after intravenous administration of 0.08 mg/kg triptolide; For oral administration, AUC_0-∞ and C_max were increased from 151.54 to 289.98 ng·h·mL^-1 and from 44.49 to 75.26 ng/mL at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg, from 37.78 to 61.65 ng·h·mL^-1 and from 44.49 to 75.26 ng/mL at the dose of 0.08 mg/kg, from 67.92 to 143.98 ng·h·mL^-1 and from 24.05 to 38.07 ng/mL at the dose of 0.05 mg/kg. MRT and T_1/2 was also longer on Day 14 than on Day 1. The observation of toxicity indicated that it was dose and time dependent, which was showed various level of gastro-intestinal reaction, liver impairments and decreased amount of white cells. CONCLUSION: It was estimated that the gastrointestinal tract and liver were the targeted toxic organs and the administration way was expected to impact the safety of triptolide in dogs.

Antitumor effects of total flavonoids of Eucommia ulmoides in tumor-bearing mice

YUAN Dai-xiu, SHU Li-xia, HUANG Rong

2014, 19(12):  1332-1336. 

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AIM: To evaluate the antitumor effects and its possible mechanisms of total flavonoids of Eucommia ulmoides on tumor-bearing mice. METHODS: H₂₂ tumor-bearing mice were used as tumor model.Different doses of total flavonoids of Eucommia ulmoides were ig administered to the tumor-bearing mice once a day for continuous 12 d.Tumor growth was measured and tumor growth inhibition rate (IR) was calculated. Serum SOD and MDA concentrations were detected. The growth and pathomorphologic changes of tumor cell were observed through pathological sections. The protein expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Total flavonoids of Eucommia ulmoides inhibited the hepatocarcinoma H₂₂ transplantation tumor.Compared with the control group,the tumor formation was significantly retarded and tumor growth was inhibited in total flavonoids of Eucommia ulmoides treated groups.The inhibitory rates were 35.90%, 44.70% and 47.60% in three groups treated with low, middle, and high dosages of total flavonoids of Eucommia ulmoides, respectively. Compared with the control group,the levels of SOD were increased in total flavonoids of Eucommia ulmoides treated groups in a does-dependent manner(P<0.05). Pathology revealed that necrotic area of total flavonoids of Eucommia ulmoides treated groups and cyclophosphamide group was larger than the control group. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Bax protein was increased and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was reduced in xenograft tumor tissues after total flavonoids of Eucommia ulmoides treatment. CONCLUSION: Total flavonoids of Eucommia ulmoides has significant inhibition on tumor growth in vivo, which is probably related to scanvenging oxygen free radicals and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bax expression.

Experimental study of acetylcysteine magnesium-glycyrrhizin fine antipode dimers on rat liver fibrosis

ZHUANG Rang-xiao, WANG Fu-gen, SHAO Yi-dan, FANG Hong-ying, SUN Jing-jing, XI Jian-jun, PAN Jin-ming, LIANG Wei-feng, LIU Shou-rong

2014, 19(12):  1337-1341. 

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AIM: To investigate efficacy of GFA-NAC·Mg on rat liver fibrosis. METHODS: Preparation of liver fibrosis model in rats with 25% carbontetrachloride (CCl₄) by subcutaneous injection,GFA-NAC·Mg intraperitoneal injected treating liver fibrosis with 25,50 and 100 mg/kg. All the rats were killed after 8 weeks of administration with grid staining and the levels of Hyp in serum were detected with ELISA assay,the contents of the MDA,SOD,TGF-β₁,PDGF for liver fibrosis and liver tissue were tested. RESULTS: The liver tissue of fibrosis showed stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ.Compared with the model group,the serum of Hyp significantly was reduced after GFA-NAC·Mg treatment.The antioxidant index SOD significantly was increased in liver tissue while MDA was decreased.Liver fibrosis markers TGF-β₁ and PDGF content were decreased. Liver fibrosis was improved after GFA-NAC·Mg treatment in each groups by grid staining. CONCLUSION: GFA-NAC·Mg has a better therapeutic effect on rat liver fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of PDGF and TGF-β₁.

Changes of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 on myocardial injury in diabetic rats

SHI Xiao-jun, KANG Pin-fang, GAO Qin, YE Hong-wei, LI Zheng-hong, TANG Yang, WANG Hong-ju

2014, 19(12):  1342-1346. 

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AIM: To investigate the changes of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) on myocardial injury in different stages of diabetic rats and analyze the related mechanism. METHODS: Diabetic (DM) model in SD rat was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg streptozoticin (STZ). DM rats were divided into fourth week (DM4W), eighth week (DM8W) and twelfth week (DM12W) groups. The ventricular hemodynamic parameters were recorded, plasma interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and cardiac 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4-HNE) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), cardiac ALDH2 activity was measured. The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 at mRNA level of left anterior myocardium were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In contrast to control group, in DM4W, DM8W and DM12W groups, left ventricular development pressure (LVDP), heart rate (HR) and left ventricular work (RPP) were decreased(P<0.01), plasma IL-1 level was increased while IL-4 level was decreased(P<0.01). Cardiac 4-HNE level was increased, and ALDH2 activity was decreased(P<0.01). The expression of Bax mRNA level was increased(P<0.01), Bcl-2 mRNA level was decreased(P<0.01) and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA were decreased(P<0.01). And with the development of diabetic progression, LVDP, HR, RPP, IL-4, ALDH2 activity and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA were further reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01). 4-HNE and IL-1 levels were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: With the development of diabetes, cardiac ALDH2 activity was further decreased, which may be related to the increase of inflammatory injury and the happening of apoptosis.

Study on the effect of methotrexate on inflammatory cytokines and MAPK signal pathway

CAI Zhi-qi, ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Xue-zeng, SHEN Wei-gan

2014, 19(12):  1347-1351. 

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AIM: To observe the role and its possible mechanism of inflammatory cytokines of IL-1 β and TNF α which plays an important role in the etiology of MTX on RA. METHODS: The establishment of animal model of rheumatoid arthritis with collagen type II, with MTX (0.2 mg/kg/W) treatment, the rats were killed after six weeks, serum for detection of IL-1β and TNF-α; separation of knee joint synovial cells in rats (FLS) were cultured, identification,detection of LPS induced FLS in the culture supernatant of IL-1β and TNF -α, and observes the effect of MTX on the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α of FLS; adding different doses of MTX on the FLS culture, expression by Western Blot method for detection of FLS ERK protein and phosphorylation of protein. RESULTS: Arthritis index score and joint swelling and joint pathology showed determination modeling success, isolated synovial cells by flow cytometry FLS expression of VCAM-1 was 85.5%. After modeling, CIA rat serum IL-1 β and TNF- α increased obviously, there was significant difference compared with the blank control group (P<0.05), MTX could effectively reduce the content of serum CIA in rats of IL-1 β and TNF -α (P<0.05), but failed to recover to normal.In rats with CIA FLS MTX could inhibit LPS induced secretion of IL-1 β and TNF-α. Displayed in Western Blot detection, different concentrations of MTX on ERK protein expression of FLS in CIA rats compared with the model group showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Expression of p-ERK CIA in FLS of rats was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01), after the treatment of MTX, low dose group had no effect on the expression of p-ERK protein, while in the medial and high dose group could reduce the p-ERK protein (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: MTX has immunosuppressive effects at the same time through the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β and TNF -α, it also has anti-inflammatory effect. The mechanism may be partly related to inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway in ERK phosphorylation relate.

Improve and correct the Clinical Guide to Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors for no-cardiac surgery

YAN Fu-qin, FAN Zhen

2014, 19(12):  1352-1355. 

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Platelet aggregation inhibitors therapy, such as aspirin or clopidegrel, should be stopped for 5-7 d before no-cardiac surgery in the Clinical Guide to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 and Chinese National Formulary for Children (CNFC). Platelet regenerating time in blood, being 7-14 d, is longer than the time stopping therapy for 5-7 d. It would be blood preoperative for no-cardiac surgery because of lots of platelets without coagulation function existing in blood. The precaution of aspirin and clopidegrel in the Clinical Guide to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 and Chinese National Formulary(CNF) should be improved. To prevent bleeding in selective operations, no administration of aspirin and clopidegrel should be set at 10-14 days before the operation. If bleeding in or after the operation, fresh platelet should be transfused to stop the bleeding. The precaution of ticlopidine in the Chinese National Formulary 2010 and Chinese National Formulary for Children is not correct because no administrating ticlopidine 10-24 d before the operation should be corrected as 10-14 days before the operation.

Prevention strategies and the effect of drug adverse reactions to the driver

WANG Yan-mei, TAO Xiu-hua

2014, 19(12):  1356-1360. 

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Driving under the inference of drugs (DUID) is one of the factors of causing a traffic accident, bringing people huge economic losses. The dangers of drunk driving are well known. However, the hazardness brought by drug driving is seldom known. This paper begins with the introduction of drug adverse effect on the driver. It is prefered that we should pay attention to DUID, formulate corresponding laws and regulations, self-avoiding making efforts to minimize losses, thus creating safe and civilized traffic environment.

Case analysis of clinical pharmacist participating in the therapy of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

YUE Hui-jie, TAO Ying-ying, SONG Xiao-jun

2014, 19(12):  1361-1364. 

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AIM: To discuss how clinical pharmacist involved in infection medication. METHODS: The drug treatment of 1 patient with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia was analyzed. RESULTS: Clinical pharmacist analyzed the causes of fever according to the patient's condition and the reasons for poor control of blood pressure, and established medication monitoring program to solve the problems. CONCLUSION: The clinical pharmacists establishes medication monitoring points, and playes pharmacy professional skills to ensure the safety and health for the people.

Effect of hemodilution on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cis-atracurium

YUAN Xiao-hong, GUO Jian-rong, JIN Xiao-ju

2014, 19(12):  1365-1370. 

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AIM: To compare the changes of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cis-atracurium administered in different methods of hemodilution to provide a reference for clinical anesthesia. METHODS: Ninety elective orthopedic surgery patients, ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ, 35 to 60 years old, were randomized into three groups by the different treatment methods in preoperative transfusion (n=30 each): group A acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH),group B acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) and control group (group C). Each group was divided into three subgroups(n=10 each) with the corresponding loading dose of cis-atracurium (0.1, 0.2,0.3 mg/kg). General anesthesia was induced after intravenous doses corresponding cis-atracurium after tracheal intubation. And then, we observed in each group of patients with muscle relaxant effects and changes in plasma concentration and calculated the pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS: The onset time of muscle relaxation was significantly longer in group B of the same dose (P<0.05). The TOF responses of free,the duration of neuromuscular block,and the body time were increased while the onset time accelerated as the dose prolonged (P<0.05).Hemodilution group significantly decreased serum concentrations positively correlated with the dose.And the reduction of group B was more pronounced.t_1/2α and V_c increased significantly in group A and B (P<0.05). And V_c in group B doubled. CONCLUSION: The dose of cis-atracurium in AHH should be appropriately increased, which could be maintained while in ANH.

“N-in-One Cocktail” method to evaluate inhibition effects of 4-hydroxylmethylphenyl-O-β-D-pyranosyl alloside on CYP450 enzymes

JIA Yuan-wei, PENG Ying, SUN Jian-guo, XIE Hai-tang, CHU Ji-ru, SHEN Jie

2014, 19(12):  1371-1375. 

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AIM: To investigate potential food-drug or drug-drug interactions, 4-hydroxylmethylphenyl- O-β-D-pyranosyl alloside was evaluated in vitro against human drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes using “N-in-One Cocktail” method based on UFLC-ESI-MS/MS techniques. METHODS: CYP450 enzyme specific probe drugs were incubated with or without helicid respectively in human microsomes. The specific substrates used in this study were phenacetin (CYP1A2), phenacetin (CYP2D6), chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1), tolbutamide (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19, CYP3A), midazolam (CYP3A4), testosterone (CYP3A4), midazolam (CYP2C). The concentrations of nine substrate metabolites were determined. RESULTS: 4-hydroxylmethylphenyl-O-β-D-pyranosyl alloside (0-200 μmol/L) had no significant inhibition on the activities of the stuied cytochrome P450 enzymes. CONCLUSION: 4-hydroxylmethylphenyl-O-β-D-pyranosyl alloside can't arise envents of clinical values through CYP enzyme inhibitions.

Determination of hydrochloric penehyclidine in human plasma and urine by HPLC-MS / MS

SUN Yu-wen, ZHAO Li-bo, WANG Qian, WEI Zhong-na1, JI Xiang-yong, ZANG Yan-nan, LIU Yang, HUANG Jing, FANG Yi

2014, 19(12):  1376-1382. 

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AIM: To establish a high performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of penehyclidine hydrochloride in human plasma and urine. METHODS: Penehyclidine hydrochloride was determinated by AB SCIEX QTRAP 5500 three triple quadrupole hybrid linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometer and Agilent 1200 high performance liquid chromatography. The samples were extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether, and verapamil is the internal standard (IS). The analytical column was a Thermo Hypersil GOLD column (30 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm).The mobile phase, acetonitrile- water (80∶20,which contains 10 mmol/L of ammonium acetate and 0.01 ‰ formic acid),was used at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Penehyclidine hydrochloride and verapamil were detected on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) by the transitions from the recursor to the production (m/z 316. 2→128.3 and m/z 454.6→303.4).The injection vpolume was 5 μL and the total run time was 4.0 min. RESULTS: Penehyclidine hydrochloride and verapamil concentrations in plasma and urine were detected well by HPLC-MS/MS method.The retention time of these analytes were 1.25 min and 0.84 min. Penehyclidine hydrochloride curve in plasma and urine had good linearity in the range of 0.05-10 ng/mL.Lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.05 ng/mL.The intra-batch and inter-batch precision (RSD) in plasma and urine were all less than 11.69% and the accuracy were all less than -2.81%. CONCLUSION: In this experiment,plasma and urine concentrations of penehyclidine hydrochloride were detected by the specificity,accuracy,sensitivity and reliability technical HPLC-MS/MS,reliable the study on the pharmacokinetics of penehyclidine hydrochloride.

Roles of peripheral Th17/Treg in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CHEN Xue-song, WU Ning, QI Yu-qin, ZHANG Xing-hu, WAN Wen-hui, QIAN Xiao-ming

2014, 19(12):  1383-1388. 

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AIM: To observe the level of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood of stable chronic obstructive plumonary disease(COPD) patients. METHODS: Froty patients that were diagnosed as COPD were selected as expperiment group from January 2010 to December 2012, another 40 healthy people were selected as control group at the same period. Peripheral blood was collected from two groups to analyze Th17 and the proportion of Treg cell subset by flow cytometry, to detect serum IL-17, TGF-β by ELISA, and detected the transcription factor Foxp3 and RORγT mRNA by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The percentage of Th17 in peripheral blood of SCOPD patients was (3.14±0.31)%, significantly higher than (1.23±0.24)% in control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); proportion of Treg in peripheral blood of SCOPD patients was (6.27±0.32)%, significantly higher than that in the control group (3.43±0.32) %, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01); SCOPD patients with levels of IL-17 (89.36±4.13) pg/mL, significantly higher than the control group (30.35±2.53) pg/mL, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); SCOPD patients with the TGF-β levels (681.45±41.65) pg/mL, significantly higher than the population of control group (519.36±30.43) pg/mL, the difference there was statistically significant (P<0.01); SCOPD patients with transcription factor Foxp3 and RORγT mRNA levels were significantly higher the control group, the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Th17, Treg cells and IL-17, TGF-β levels in SCOPD patients increased and the transcription factor Foxp3 and RORγT mRNA expression levels also increased. They played an important role in clinical research.

Effects of dexmedetomidine on early postoperative cognitive function after transurethral resection of the prostate in elderly patients

JIN Hong-xu, ZHANG Tong-jun, SUN Xue-fei, WEI Lan-shuang, WANG Li-hong, WANG Zhong-yi

2014, 19(12):  1389-1392. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on early postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)in elderly patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). METHODS: Seventy-six ASA grade I or II patients and mimi mental state exam (MMSE) score＞23, aged 65-81 y, scheduled for elective for TURP were enrolled and randomly divided into 2 groups (n=38 each): Dex group (group D) and control group (group C). Dex 1 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 10 min before anesthesia induction, and then infused at a rate of 0.5 μg·kg^-1·h^-1 until 30 min before the end of the operation in group D. Group C received the equal volume of normal saline with same way. MAP and HR were recorded before intubation (T₀), intubation (T₁), beginning of the surgery (T₂) and 30 min after surgery (T₃). The time of operation and awakening were recorded. Cognitive function was assessed at 24 h before and after operation using MMSE. RESULTS: There were no significant differences of general information and parameters in operation was not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with group D, MAP at T₁,T₂ in group C were significantly increased (P<0.05). MMSE scores at 24 h after operation were higher in group D and the incidence of POCD was lower than group C (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Dex can decrease the incidence of early POCD in elderly patients undergoing TURP, hemodynamic parameters is steady and does not affect awakening of patients.

Efficacy and safety of capecitabine in the maintenance therapy of advanced gastric carcinoma

SHENG Li-li, WANG Lu, JI Zhao-ning

2014, 19(12):  1398-1402. 

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AIM: To explore the efficacy and safety of capecitabine in the maintenance therapy of advanced gastric carcinoma. METHODS: All 48 patients with advanced gastric cancer after response to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy as a first-line were divided into two groups, the maintenance therapy group (n=25) was administered capecitabine at a dose of 1 000 mg/m², twice daily for 14 days,followed by a 7-day rest period, 21 days for 1 cycles, until disease progressed or can not tolerate the toxicities withdrawal.The control group (n=23) administered with regular clinical observations until disease progressed.The efficacy and safety of maintenance therapy group were observed, the difference between two groups of progression-free survival was compared. RESULTS: 25 cases of capecitabine maintenance therapy patients, a total of 148 cycles of chemotherapy, including 5 cases of patients with adverse effects due to withdrawal, were treated until disease progressed, the median cycle for 6 cycles.There were 5 PR,16 SD and 4 PD. The objective response rate of capecitabine maintenance therapy group was 20%, disease control rate was 84%. Maintenance therapy group, the median progression-free survival was 8.2 months, the observation group, the median progression-free survival was 6.1 months,P=0.05, there was significant difference between two groups.The most common adverse effects in the maintenance therapy group was hand-foot syndrome and hematological toxicity, but to a lesser degree, mainly for Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree, Ⅲ incidence rate was 28%, good tolerance. CONCLUSION: First-line chemotherapy regimen to fluoropyrimidine-based therapy benefit to patients with advanced gastric cancer, capecitabine as maintenance therapy can prolong progression-free survival, toxicity can be tolerated.

Effects of tirofiban on the level of platelet microparticles(PMPs) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing emergency interventional treatment

LI Yi-min, HUANG Jin, LU Zhi-ping, LI Xiang-yu, HE Sheng-hu

2014, 19(12):  1403-1406. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of tirofiban on the level of platelet microparticles(PMPs) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing emergency interventional treatment. METHODS: 62 patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing emergency interventional treatment were randomly divided into the tirofiban group (intravenous tirofiban 10 μg/kg bolus then 0.15 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 intravenous continuous infusion for 36 h, 32 cases) and control group (without tirofiban, 30 cases). The levels of PMPs were assessed before tirofiban infusion, at 10 min and 24 hours after tirofiban infusion, and at 12 hours after stopping tirofiban infusion by the flow cytometry. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in baseline of PMPs between tirofiban group and control group (P＞0.05). The level of PMPs was significantly lower in tirofiban group (5.1%±2.7%) compared with control group(6.7%±3.2%)(P<0.01) at 10 mins after tirofiban infusion.At 24 hours after tirofiban infusion, the level of PMPs in tirofiban group was significantly lower than that in control group(P=0.03).The level of PMPs was similar at 12 after stopping tirofiban use between the 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Tirofiban can effectively reduce the number of PMPs in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing emergency interventional treatment, achieve the purpose of the inhibition of activated platelets quickly.

Influence of dexmedetomidine on analgesic quality of patient controlled intravenous analgesia with tramadol after laparoscopy assisted radical gastrectomy

DING Deng-feng, ZHANG Xue-ping, WANG Ping, ZHANG Jun-zhi, LUO Yao-wen, WANG Qi

2014, 19(12):  1407-1410. 

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AIM: To observe the influence of dexmedetomidine on analgesic quality of patient controlled intravenous analgesia with tramadol after laparoscopy assisted radical gastrectomy. METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopy assisted radical gastrectomy were randomly assigned to two groups (observation and control group) with 30 each. All patients were given general anesthesia and PCIA with tramadol 800 mg and tropisetron 5 mg. Dexmedetomidine 200 μg was added to PCIA in observation group. MAP, HR, RR, SpO₂ was determined before anesthesia(T0) and at 2 hours(T1), 4 hours(T2), 8 hours(T3), 12 hours(T4) and 24 hours(T5) after operation.Postoperative pain was assessed by visual analogue score(VAS) at T1-T5. The total dose of tramadol and pressure times of PCIA within 24 hours after operation, cases of using pethidine, bradycardia, hypotension, hypoxemia, excessive sedation, nausea, vomiting were also recorded. RESULTS: Compared with the control group,the MAP, HR, VAS were lower at T1-T4 in observation group(P<0.05). MAP, HR were higher at T1-T4 than those at T0, T5 in control group(P<0.05). Compared with control group, the total dose of tramadol, pressure times of PCIA, cases of using pethidine and incident of nausea were less than those in observation group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine can improve the quality of PCIA with tramadol, decrease the dose of tramadol and reduce the incident of nausea after laparoscopy assisted radical gastrectomy.

Analysis of long-dated security and effectiveness for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with loop electrosurgical excision procedure

ZHANG Nan, HE Lian-zhi

2014, 19(12):  1411-1415. 

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AIM: To evaluate the security and effectiveness of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CINII,CINIII). METHODS: To analyze the clinical information of 87 patients whose pathology diagnosed as CINII,CINIII through LEEP in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College between January 2008 and December 2008 for 5 years and their disease outcome. RESULTS: During 5 years follow-up, 85 cases cured(97.7%) and 2 cases recurred(2.3%);Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age was the risk factor of recrudescence(P<0.05), but no significant relationship between gland involvement and recrudescence of CINII,CINIII after LEEP(P>0.05);5 patients who had no fertility history of preoperative owned natural conception.The conception rate was 100%.All of them had cesarean delivery(1 case/twice),without adverse pregnancy outcomes.5 cases received induced abortion, who did not have fertility desires pregnancy.1 case had missed abortion. CONCLUSION: LEEP is a secure and effectiveness treatment to CINII,CINIII and does not affect the pregnancy outcome.TCT combined with HPV test is a reliable method to postoperative follow-up.

Research advances of the leukemia animal models

YANG Lin-cheng, HE Yi-lei, LI Wei-dong

2014, 19(12):  1416-1421. 

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Leukemia animal models are often used in the research of cancer drug. Early leukemia animal models had low degree of fitting to the condition of human leukemia. However, as the research of pathogenesis of leukemia developed, the degree of fitting is getting better. A few kinds of leukemia mouse models and their research advances are shown in this review. The research of the high similarity leukemia animal models will contribute to the improved understanding and treatment of these cancers.

Recent progress in the role of miRNA in hepatic stellate cells activation and the chronic hepatic diseases

SONG Li-ying, PENG Xiang-dong, WANG Chun-jiang, GUO Ren, LIU Shi-kun

2014, 19(12):  1422-1428. 

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Small RNA (known as microRNA, miRNA) is single-stranded non-coding RNA (18-25 nucleotides length), it regulates various proteins by targeting the 3'-untranslated region (3-UTR) of various transcripts, thus dysregulation of miRNA affects a wide range of processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation involved in organ remodeling processes. Current studies demonstrated that post-transcriptional effect of miRNA is involved in the development of chronic liver diseases, while hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a vital role in the primary formation of ECM and undergo progressive activation to become myofibroblasts (MFB)-like cells. The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of miRNA in hepatic stellate cells activation and the chronic hepatic diseases.

Linezolid pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and the development of dosage regimen design optimization

JIN Yan-jie, ZHANG Jing, LU Ke-peng, LIU Qian, LIN Li-min, SONG Hong-tao

2014, 19(12):  1429-1434. 

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To provide reference for clinical reasonable application by introducing linezolid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characteristics in different diseases. The data from CNKI,PUBMED were analyzed. On the basis of PK/PD parameters, the dosage regimen was optimized, which could better improve the curative effect of antimicrobial drugs, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, drug resistance and the patients' economic burden. Linezolid had strong antibacterial effect against gram-positive bacteria. It is meaningful to study on the optimum dosage regimen and promote the rational drug use due to the different pathological physiological factors instead of PK/PD characteristics.

Progress on effects of pharmacogenetics of inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase on improving the individualized thiopurine therapy

FENG Jing, WU Yue, RONG Pei-pei, SHEN Bing-zheng, ZHOU Ding-shan, SHI Cai, SONG Jin-chun

2014, 19(12):  1435-1440. 

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Thiopurines, one kind of immunosuppressive agents,represent an effective and widely prescribed therapy in clinical application. However, the narrow therapeutic window and pharmacokinetic variability has been always a difficult problem to the clinical use of these drugs. Although the gene polymorphisms of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) are considered to be the main genetic factors that affect pharmacokinetics of thiopurine drugs, but the conclusions of these studies are not consistent. However, some recent studies have focused on the genetic polymorphisms of inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA). Therefore, this review summarizes the recent research progress on influence of the genetic polymorphisms of ITPA on efficacy and toxicity of thiopurines, so as to provide guidance for individualized treatment in the clinical practice.