Table of Content

Volume 20 Issue 1
26 January 2015

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Effect of methotrexate on spinal cord contusion-induced protein related with oxidative damage in rats at acute stage

ZHANG Si, GU Bing, LI Hua-nan, WANG Shuo-yu, ZHANG Shui-yin

2015, 20(1):  1-6. 

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AIM: To examine the effect of methotrexate on spinal cord contusion-induced protein related with oxidative damage in rats at acute stage and to explore its neuroprotective mechanism. METHODS: Rat spinal cord contusion model was duplicated by a BenchmarkTM stereotaxic cortical impactor which connected with PinPoint? precision contact sensor. At posttraumatic 30 min, Treatment group was subcutaneously administrated methotrexate (0.5 mg/kg, according to the weight),Control group and Sham group were injected the same volume of physiological saline. At posttraumatic 1,3,6,12,24,48,72 h, blood and tissue samples were collected. ELISA method was used to determine the content of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in plasma,advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and protein carbonyl in injuried tissue. RESULTS: At all the time point after surgery, the contents of 3-NT, AOPP and protein carbonyl in Treatment group were lower than those in Control group. Post-traumatic 12h to 72 h, the contents of 3-NT in Treatment group were significantly lower than those in Control group (P<0.05). Post-traumatic 24 h to 72 h, the contents of AOPP in Treatment group were significantly lower than those in Control group (P<0.05). However, the content of protein carbonyl at each time point had no statistical significance between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The role of Methotrexate in preventing the secondary spinal cord injury may be related to reducing the formation of protein related with oxidative damage.

Study of the effects of Berberine on CYP3A4 and P-gp in HepG2 cells and its mechanism in vitro

TANG Xia, XIN Hua-wen, LI Wei-liang, OUYANG Meng

2015, 20(1):  7-13. 

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AIM: To study the effects of berberine hydrochloride(BBR) on the mRNA and protein expression of cytochrome P450 3A4(CYP3A4) and multidrug resistance 1(MDR1) in HepG2 cells, then to investigate the mechanisms of regulation of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein(P-gp) by berberine. METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of BBR(1-100 μg/mL)for 48 h, then effects of BBR on the cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay. The experiments were taken when the cytotoxicity of BBR on HepG2 cells was low.The experiments were divided into the following groups: control group, groups administrated with different concentrations of BBR(0.1-40 μg/mL), 10 μmol/L Rifampicin(Rif)group and groups administrated with different concentrations of BBR (0.1-40 μg/mL) and together with 10 μmol/L Rif, incubated with the logarithmic phase of HepG2 cells for 48 h. Total proteins and RNA were extracted. The mRNA levels of CYP3A4, MDR1, pregnane X receptor (PXR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) in HepG2 cells were assayed with QRT-PCR, and the protein levels of CYP3A4,P-gp in HepG2 cells were assayed with Western blot. RESULTS: When the concentration of BBR was during 1- 40 μg/mL, the cytotoxicity of BBR on HepG2 cells was low, besides, the living rates of HepG2 cells were all above 80%.Compared with the control group,Western blot analysis showed that groups administrated with 0.1,0.5 and 2 μg/mL BBR significantly induced the expression of CYP3A4 and P-gp proteins in HepG2 cells(P<0.05). However, the 10 and 40 μg/mL BBR groups could markedly inhibit the expression of CYP3A4 and P-gp proteins in HepG2 cells(P<0.01).QRT-PCR analysis indicated that groups administrated with 10, 20 and 40 μg/mL BBR could strongly down-regulated the CYP3A4, PXR, and MDR1 mRNA expression in HepG2 cells(P<0.05) but 10 μg/mL BBR group had no significant inhibitory effects on the RXR mRNA expression(P>0.05),20 and 40 μg/mL BBR groups markedly inhibited the RXR mRNA expression(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Berberine had a dual role on the expression of CYP3A4 and P-gp. Induction was leaded by low doses berberine, inhibition was leaded by high doses berberine. The mechanisms of regulation of CYP3A4 and P-gp by berberine was probably through PXR pathways.

The protective effects of Egr-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on endothelial injury induced by anoxia-reoxygenation

ZHOU Yan-qiong, ZHANG Yan-mei, GAO Fen-fei, HUANG Zhan-qin, CHEN Yi-cun, ZHENG Yan-shan, SHI Gang-gang

2015, 20(1):  14-18. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODN) on Egr-1 protein expression in cultured endothelial cells after anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R). METHODS: The cultured cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) A/R model were established. The cells were randomly divided into one of six groups: Con, A/R, Lip, AS, S, and Sc. Levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured to assess the degree of injury and inflammation of endothelial cells. Egr-1 protein expression was examined by Western-blot analyses. Cell morphology and cell viability were observed to assess the degree of injury. RESULTS: Treatment with Egr-1 AS-ODN significantly reduced Egr-1 protein expression and attenuated injury and inflammation of endothelial cells caused by A/R evidenced by the the decrease in leakage of LDH, the increase in SOD activity, the decrease in MDA generation, and release of TNF-α from cultured CMECs. CONCLUSION: AS-ODN can protect cultured CMECs from A/R injury, by inhibiting the overexpression of Egr-1. Egr-1 was related to the A/R injury of CMECs.

Effects of aspirin on inflammatory responses in PCOS rats

LI Wei-hong, LI Bin

2015, 20(1):  19-23. 

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AIM: To study the effects of aspirin on inflammatory responses in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) rats. METHODS: Combined administration of human HCG and insulin was used for establishing PCOS rat model, PCOS rat weight, ovarian weight, morphology. The effects of aspirin on the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and insulin and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in ovarian tissue were observed. RESULTS: Aspirin treatment significantly reduced the rat weight and ovary weight in PCOS rats, the ovarian pathological changes, levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and insulin in serum and expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in ovarian tissue were obviously reduced compared with the PCOS rats. CONCLUSION: Aspirin therapy has protective effect on PCOS rats and the effect is closely related to its anti-inflammatory effect.

Effects of sesamin combined with vitamin E on the expression of eNOS/iNOS in chemically-induced renal injury rats

XUAN Jia-li, YANG Jie-ren, WANG Huan, YAO Hai, LI Wei, ZHAO Meng-qiu, HAN Jun

2015, 20(1):  24-30. 

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AIM: To investigate the protective effects of sesamin combined with vitamin E on chemically-induced renal injury and its modulation of the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in rats. METHODS: Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish kidney impaired model by using D-gal (180 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,i.p.) and AlCl₃ (15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,i.g.) for 20 weeks. A single dose of either Ses (160 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) or VE (10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) and combined dose of Ses+VE (160 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and 10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) were given to rats at 13^th week post-renal injury induction for 8 consecutive weeks, while control rats were given NS (5.0 mL·kg^-1·d^-1). Bilateral kidneys from each rat were isolated to determine wet weight, nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, the activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also determined at the end of the experiment. Hematoxylin & eosin (HE) and Masson stain were used to observe the renal morphology and collagen deposition. Immunohistochemical technique and western blotting were employed respectively to detect the iNOS and eNOS expression. RESULTS: As compared with the model rats, the levels of NO, SOD and T-AOC were significantly increased, and the MDA content was decreased in rats treated with Ses and (or) VE. The positive expression of eNOS was apparently up-regulated by down-regulating the iNOS level and the effects of Ses plus VE was better than single Ses or VE group(P<0.05,P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The renoprotective effect ofsesamin combined with vitamin E on chemically-induced renal injury in rats could be associated with decrease in free radical generation, increase in anti-oxidant activity, promotion of eNOS, inhibition of iNOS activity, restoration of eNOS/iNOS balance, Ses plus VE treatment was more effective than Ses or VE given as a single treatment (monotherapy).

Effect of Weiliuan of different prescriptions on proliferation and cell cycle of human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901

ZHANG Xue-fei, ZHU Xuan-xuan, LIU Shen-lin, WANG Qiong, YAN Shi-hai, WANG Hai-dan, ZHANG Di, FU Rui

2015, 20(1):  31-37. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of Weiliuan (compound recipe,sanleng and Ezhu,without Sanleng or Ezhu)low dose group, middle dose group and high dose group on proliferation and cell cycle of human gastric carcinoma cell (SGC-7901)24 and 48 hours. METHODS: Subculture was carried on by human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901 in RPMI1640 culture solution.MTT assay was used to examine the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle of SGC-7901. We also treated SGC-7901 cells with three doses of Weiliuan for different times. RESULTS: MTT assay showed that three different prescriptions of Weiliuan inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cell; cell cycle analysis indicated that Weiliuan (compound recipe) and Weiliuan (without Sanleng or Ezhu) arrested SGC-7901 at S phase,and Weiliuan (Sanleng and Ezhu) can arrest cell cycle of G₀/G₁ phase, which were on time and dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION: All three of the prescriptions inhibit proliferation of SGC-7901 cells,and arrest cell cycle of S or G₀/G₁ phase.The effect of Weiliuan (compound recipe) and Weiliuan (without Sanleng or Ezhu) are better than Weiliuan (sanleng and Ezhu).

Exploration on analgesia effect of anthocyanins from Ligustrum vicaryi fruit

WANG Jing, WANG Hai-hua, JIANG Yu-xin, ZHOU Ping-ping, WANG Jian-an

2015, 20(1):  38-42. 

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AIM: To investigate the analgesic effect mechanism of anthocyanins from Ligustrum vicaryi. METHODS: Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups (n=8): normal saline control group (NS);aspirin control group (Asp);high-concentration anthocyanins group (HA);medium-concentration anthocyanins group (MA);low-concentration anthocyanins group (LA). We observed the analgesia effect of different concentration anthocyanins by hot-plate test and acetic acid writhing test. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂) in blood serum were determined to analysis the analgesia mechanism. RESULTS: The pain threshold of mice was enhanced and the times of twist body was decreased by medium-concentration and high-concentration anthocyanins. The activity of SOD was increased and the contents of NO and PGE₂ were reduced in blood serum. CONCLUSION: Anthocyanins of Ligustrum vicaryi has definite analgesic effect, which was related to increasing the activity of SOD and decreasing the contents of NO and PGE₂.

Rational medication and therapeutic evaluation of Biapenem in the elderly population

LI Yun-man, Kodithuwakku Nandani Darshika, FANG Wei-rong

2015, 20(1):  43-46. 

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Biapenem is a comparatively new kind of 1β-methyl carbapenem antibiotic, of which the specification of drug application in the elderly is not yet fully discovered. This review is designed to summarize drug metabolism in elderly population. Furthermore, we sum up pharmacokinetic characteristics, clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of biapenem in the elderly. Pharmacokinetic studies of biapenem in the elderly found that its prototype accumulation in the plasma drug concentration-versus-time curve, urinary excretion rate, and half-life of the drug had no significance difference as compared to young people. Only the total body clearance and renal clearance rate showed an age-related decline. For older patients with severe infections, based on the normal renal function with senility, dosage adjustment of biapenem is not essential. Biapenem is recommended to reduce dosage in elderly with severe renal failure (Creatinine clearance rate <21.1 mL/min).

A survey on adult medication compliance and its influencing factors analysis

LI Guo-zhu, XIE Hai-tang, CHEN Bai-feng, WANG Hao, SUN Xiao-tian

2015, 20(1):  47-50. 

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AIM: The survey aimed at investigating the factors influencing adult medication compliance and also to put forward a strong rationale for measures to improve the current adult medication compliance situation among adults in South Anhui Province. METHODS: By using a stratified cluster sampling method, we conducted a survey using a structured questionnaire to elicit responses from 1 134 adults. RESULTS: Out of the total number of 1 134 adult respondents, the adult medication compliance stood at 43.3%, while adult medication non-compliance was 56.7%. Environmental changes, poor drug efficacy, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), poor economic status of patients, reactance psychology and unclear doctor guidance were the high risk factors that accounted for the high adult medication noncompliance. On the other hand, high literacy among adults accounted for adult medication compliance. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the present results, which shows a high incidence of adult medication noncompliance in South Anhui Province, there is the urgent need for short and long term measures, particularly from all healthcare professionals who are directly involved with the drug use process, departments of healthcare administration and civil society to reverse the trend through public education and creation of awareness.

Pharmacodynamics of prolonged dosing regimens of four β-lactam antibiotics against severe infection

YE Long-qiang, SHI Lin-hui, QIU Xiao-hui, JIN Yu-hong, CAI Ting

2015, 20(1):  51-55. 

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AIM: To evaluate pharmacodynamic profiling of dosage regimens of four β-lactam antibiotics against severe infection. METHODS: Minimum inhibitory concentrations for 120 Gram-negative bacteria from patients managed in intensive care unit were determined. A 10 000-subject Monte Carlo simulation was performed to calculate pharmacodynamic target attainment for traditional infusion and prolonged dosing regimens of 1,2,3,4 h and 5 h infusion of ceftazidime,piperacillin-tazobactam,imipenem and meropenem. RESULTS: No regimen of traditional infusion achieved cumulative fraction of response (CFR) of greater than 90%.Increasing doses,increasing frequencies and prolonging infusion time regimens achieved higher CFR.The results of prolonged infusion of 1,2,3,4 h and 5 h were as follows. When the infusion time of piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5 g q8 h was gradually prolonged,the highest CFR was achieved by a 5 h prolonged infusion. However, the highest CFR was achieved by 3 h prolonged infusion for dosage regimens of ceftazidime 2 g q6 h,imipenem 0.5 g q6 h,1 g q6 h and meropenem 0.5 g q6 h, 84.38%,78.50%,87.03%,81.53%,respectively.The highest CFR was achieved by 4 h prolonged infusion for dosage regimens of ceftazidime 2 g q8 h,piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5 g q6 h,imipenem 1 g q8 h and meropenem 1 g q8 h、2 g q8 h, 83.12%,89.94%,83.87%,82.29%,86.98%,respectively. CONCLUSION: As a result of high resistance rate in intensive care unit, no regimen attains optimal bactericidal exposure against severe infection. Prolonged infusion regimens improve pharmacodynamic target attainment.3 h or 4 h is probably optimal infusion time.

Integrated pharmacokinetic study of itraconazole and its active metabolite-hydroxyitraconazole in human

FU Shu-jun, FENG Li-min, SUN Lian-fu, LIU Chang-xiao, HE Xin

2015, 20(1):  56-63. 

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AIM: Hydroxyitraconazole (OH-ITZ) is the magor active metabolite of itraconazole (ITZ) which is the first-line antifungal drug and it has antifungal activity similar to ITZ. Forther more, the plasma concentration of OH-ITZ is higher than that of ITZ. Therefore, it can not be ignored that the pharmacokinetics of OH-ITZ effect on the clinical therapeutic effects. This study was designed to develop a sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method for direct determination of ITZ and OH-ITZ in human plasma and to study the integrated pharmacokinetics of ITZ and OH-ITZ in human. METHODS: ITZ, OH-ITZ andinternal standard (buspirone) were pretreated from plasma OH-ITZ in human using protein precipitation with acetonitrile/methanol(1∶1). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax-C₁₈ column (2.1 mm×50 mm, 3.5 μm) using a step gradient program with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid, at a flow-rate of 0.50 mL/min. Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and operated in the positive ion mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with the transitions of m/z 705 →m/z 392, m/z 721→m/z 408 and m/z 386→m/z 122 was performed to quantify ITZ, OH-ITZ and IS, respectively. RESULTS: The linear concentration ranges of calibration curves for ITZ and OH-ITZ were 0.50-500 ng/mL. The inter- or intra-day precision (RSD) was less than 12.4% and the accuracy (RE) was within±7.5%. Based on the AUC weighting coefficients integration approach, the integrated pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The holistic t_1/2 and AUC_0-∞ were of 19.5 hr and 5754 ng·h·mL^-1 in human plasma after oral administration of 200 mg itraconazole. CONCLUSION: The method is sensitive, rapid, convenient, using less plasma and is proved to be suitable for clinical pharmocokinetics of ITZ and OH-ITZ. The holistic pharmacokinetic properties of ITZ and OH-ITZ were described successfully.

Meta-analysis of temozolomide combined with IMRT in treatment of postoperative malignant glioma in China

YAN Yuan-liang, QIAN Long, GONG Zhi-cheng

2015, 20(1):  64-69. 

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AIM: To compare the clinical effects and safety of brain malignant glioma treated with postoperative IMRT combined with TMZ chemotherapy and with IMRT only, to provide reference for clinical treatment and clinical research. METHODS: By searching CNKI,CBM,VIP and Wanfang databases,the studies were included if they were in accordance with inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and evaluated, then analyzed using RevMan 5.0.23. RESULTS: 9 studies were included with a total of 457patients (220T/237C). Meta-analysis results were as follows: The total effective rate of the test group received postoperative IMRT combined with TMZ chemotherapy was higher than that in the control group received radiotherapy only,the difference was statistically significant[OR=3.63,95% CI(2.34,5.62)];The one-year、two-year and three-year survival rate of study group were higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant[OR=2.39, 95%CI(1.50, 3.81)(one-year); OR=2.20, 95% CI(1.11, 4.38)(two-year); OR=2.00, 95% CI(0.81, 4.94)(three-year)]. IMRT combined TMZ can obviously improve the brain malignant glioma chemotherapy curative effect. CONCLUSION: The clinical effects of brain malignant glioma treated with postoperative IMRT combined with TMZ chemotherapy was better than with IMRT only. But due to the low quality of research, it still needs more high quality, large sample, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled research to confirm this conclusion.

Meta-analysis of therapeutic efficacy and safety of amlodipine plus amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine plus telmisartan in the treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension

ZUO Shan-ru, LIU Shi-kun, ZUO Xiao-cong, LI Bing, WU Cui-fang, LI Zuo-jun, WANG Chun-jiang, DENG Zhen-zhen, MA Yu-tao

2015, 20(1):  70-74. 

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AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of amlodipine plus amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine plus telmisartan in the treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension by Meta-analysis. METHODS: Pubmed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang Database were searched for combination of amlodipine plus amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine plus telmisartan on hypertension treatment using the key words “amlodipine”, “amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide”, “telmisartan” and “hypertension”, supplemented literature recourse method to retrieve. The effectiveness and safety of amlodipine plus amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine plus telmisartan agents and overall effect tests based on strict quality evaluation of clinical trials. RESULTS: 13 literatures and 16 192 patients were included in this study, which consisted of 8 098 cases in amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide group and 8 094 cases in telmisartan group. The result of homogeneity test of efficacy was:χ²=14.50, df=12,P=0.27;while that of safety was χ²=5.86,df=7,P=0.56. The combined ORs and 95％CIs were 0.93,0.81-1.06 for efficacy and 1.23,1.04-1.45 for safety,respectively. CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in therapeutic efficacy between amlodipine plus amiloride /hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine plus telmisartan in the treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension, but amlodipine plus telmisartan is safer and has less adverse reaction.

Association of MTHFR, GSTP1, ERCC1 polymorphisms and response to FOLFOX in colorectal cancer patients

SHEN Dong-ya, XIE Hai-tang, CHEN Yao, XIAO Jian, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Xue, ZHOU Hong-hao

2015, 20(1):  75-81. 

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AIM: To investigate the relationship between the polymorphisms of MTHFR, GSTP1,ERCC1 and the response to FOLFOX chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer. METHODS: A total of 150 patients diagnosed as an advanced colorectal cancer by the pathology were treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy and DNA of peripheral blood-leukocytes was obtained before the treatment, MTHFR,GSTP1,ERCC1 genetype were detected by the HRM-SNP method. RESULTS: (1)The frequencies of MTHFR429 Glu/Glu, Glu/Ala, Ala/Ala were 59.1%, 37.0%, 3.9%; MTHFR 222 Ala/Ala, Ala/Val, Val/Val were 12.6%,47.2%,40.1%;GSTP1-105 Ile/Ile, Ile/Val,Val/Val genetypes were 63.0%,33.1%,3.9%;ERCC1-118AA, AT,TT genetypes were 50.4%, 41.7%,7.9%,respectively.(2)The effective rate of FOLFOX chemotherapy among patients with GSTP1-105 Ile/Ile,Ile/Val+Val/Val genetypes were 19.7%,20.5%,OR=2.876,95%CI(1.288,6.424),P<0.05;MTHFR 222 Ala/Ala, Ala/Val+Val/Val genetypes were 11.8%,28.3%,OR=2.236, 95%CI(1.020,5.017),P<0.05,respectively,which was a significant difference. CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms of MTHFR,GSTP1,ERCC1 correlates with the clinical response to FOLFOX chemotherapy and the genetype detected by the HRM-SNP method may be a predictor of sensitivity to FOLFOX chemotherapy.

Furosemide and ulinastatin's protective effects on renal function of patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy

CHENG Qing-shui, HUANG Hou-bao, JIANG Shu-chuan, LU Wei-hua, HAN Jie, DONG Chang-bin, ZHUO Dong, WANG Xiao

2015, 20(1):  82-85. 

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AIM: To investigate furosemide and ulinastatin's protective effects on renal function of patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. METHODS: 44 patients diagnosed as complicated renal calculi during January 2012 to February 2013 were selected and they all accepted percutaneous nephrolithotomy,then randomly divided into treatment group and control group,each group had 22 patients.In treatment group,the patients were subjected to the intravenous injection of furosemide(20 mg) and intravenous drip of ulinastatin(2×10⁵U) plus normal saline(100 mL) per day on preoperative day 1,intraoperative and postoperative day 1 to 3,and patients in control group only subjected to normal saline(100 mL).The levels of Cr,BUN,Urinary β₂-microglobulin and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminase of pelvic urine were measured post-intubation and first,third day after operation. RESULTS: Urinary β₂-microglobulin and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminase of first and third day after operation were significantly higher than those intraoperative in both groups(P<0.05),but the elevated extent in treatment group were smaller than control group(P<0.05);the levels of Cr,BUN of first and third day after operation were higher than those in control group. CONCLUSION: Furosemide and ulinastatin can play a certain role in protecting the renal function of patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Clinical effect of trastuzumab combined chemotherapy in patients with HER-2 positive locally advanced breast cancer

YUAN Hong-jun

2015, 20(1):  86-90. 

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AIM: To observe the efficacy of trastuzumab in treating patients with HER-2 positive locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). METHODS: 228 HER-2 positive patients with unresectable locally advanced breast cancer patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. 115 patients received trastuzumab plus chemotherapy, 113 cases received chemotherapy alone. After 10 courses of treatment, the number of clinical and pathology complete remission and potentially eligible for surgery patients were observed. RESULTS: Compared with chemotherapy group, trastuzumab plus chemotherapy group had more higher proportion in complete remission(cCR)(89% in trastuzumab plus chemotherapy group and 77% in chemotherapy group), pathological complete response(pCR)(43% and 23% respectively) and breast and axillary lymph node complete remission(tpCR)(respectively 39% and 20%). Trastuzumab plus chemotherapy group had more chance to surgery and breast conservation. CONCLUSION: Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy is an effective schedule in the treatment of HER-2 positive locally advanced breast.

Study progress on anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver damage associated with drug-metabolizing enzyme gene polymorphism

LIU Yu, GAO Rui, CHEN Yu, CHEN Lin, XIA Chun-hua, DENG Guo-fang

2015, 20(1):  91-95. 

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Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium and is one of the serious infectious diseases harmful to human health. Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) draws more attention in the treatment of tuberculosis recently. It is worthy of summarizing the detailed mechanism about ATDH which is still not clear today. It is known to us that anti-tuberculosis drugs are formed less toxic metabolite in vivo by various metabolic enzymes and transporters, and the polymorphisms of transporters and enzymes are likely to be the important factors associated with ATDH. This paper provides an overview about the correlation between drug metabolic enzymes polymorphisms and ATDH.

Administration and research progress of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing major spine surgery

LIU Yan-jun, GU Xiao-ping, MA Zheng-liang

2015, 20(1):  96-100. 

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The patients undergoing scoliosis correction surgery are always associated with considerable blood loss, and thus requiring transfusion. The safety of the blood supply has been greatly improved in recent years. However, the risk of infection and noninfectious complications still exist to the patients. It is shown that connection between transfusion and morbidity and mortality is significantly tight. Thus, rigorous efforts including antifibrinolytic agents have been made to surgical bleeding and the need for blood product transfusion in the surgical correction of scoliosis.Since aprotinin can increase the risk of intraoperative renal dysfunction, cardiovascular events and pulmonary embolism, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suspend aprotinin from the market in November 2007. At present, the most commonly used antifibrinolytic drug is the tranexamic acid (TXA), which is a lysine analog. The use of tranexamic acid in the surgical correction of scoliosis, one hand, can reduce the perioperative blood loss, help the blood conservation, and avoid the increasement of hospitalization costs due to transfusion; the other hand, use of tranexamic acid can also reduce the risk of neurological adverse events such as convulsive seizures during postoperative period; and also decrease the incidence of venous thrombosis. The objective of this review is to discuss the administration and to assess the research progress of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing major spine surgery.

Research progress of the relationship between bone bridge formation and inflammation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

WANG Tian-ling, XU Liang

2015, 20(1):  101-105. 

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Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is a systemic inflammatory diseases. Inflammation and bone bridge formation are two stages of the AS typical pathological changes.Inflammation is the main character and bone bridge formation is the primary cause of joint deformity. It was considered that inflammation contributed to the formation of bone bridge,but clinical studies had found that ankylosis could not been stopped after the control of inflammation. The relationship between them seems be very vague. This article summarized the research of the development about bone bridge formation and the relationship between bone bridge formation and inflammation in recent decades.

Progress on researches for topotecan in combination drug therapy

ZHANG Zhe, SUN Li, YUAN Sheng-tao

2015, 20(1):  106-111. 

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Malignant neoplasm threats people’s health seriously and draws wide attention of the scholars. Topotecan (TPT), a topoisonerase inhibitor, can induce the fragmentation of DNA replication fork, therefore it is not easy to produce drug resistance. Also topotecan has been widely and efficiently used in the treatment of ovarian carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma. TPT has exhibited certain antitumor synergistic effect by combining with a variety of compounds, such as platinum, sorafini, bevacizumab, amrubicin, pemetrexed, gemcitabine. Therefore, it is worthy to investigate the applications of topotecan in combination drug therapy.

Clinical research and progress of the driver genes of lung adenocarcinoma

ZHAO Yi-chao, ZHANG Li-qin

2015, 20(1):  112-117. 

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Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, which seriously harm human health. Nowadays, the causal relationship between the development of lung cancer, especially lung adenocarcinoma, and many driver genes, have been accepted by quite a lot of scholars. In recent years, with further research on cell signal pathways, a rising number of drugs have emerged, targeting different signaling pathways. In this article, we carried out a summary of relevant clinical research, in order to outline the mechanisms of a variety of driver genes in lung adenocarcinoma. Besides, we sum up prospective clinical trials of effective molecular markers, to assess the curative effects of several molecular-targeted drugs. And finally, we give an outlook of future targeted therapies.

Investigation and countermeasures to the current status of the generics quality consistency evaluation

YU Shan-shan, ZHANG Zheng-fu, LI Zheng-qi

2015, 20(1):  118-120. 

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In order to improve the quality of marketed generic drugs and eliminate those unqualified in either intrinsic quality or clinical efficacy, the program of “quality consistency evaluation for generics” has been started by the China Food and Drug Administration. Based on the investigation into the current status of domestic generics, we explored the factors restricting the evaluation of quality consistency for generic drugs, and eventually put forward particular countermeasures for the reference of industry and supervision department.