Table of Content

Volume 15 Issue 11
26 November 2010

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Purified fraction 1 of polysaccharide extracted from Rheum tanguticum prevents irradiation-induced immune damage in mice

LIU Lin-na, GUO Zhi-wei, ZHANG Yan, QIN Hua, HAN Yan, LIU Xin-you

2010, 15(11):  1201-1205. 

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AIM: To investigate the protective effect of purified fraction 1 polysaccharide extracted from Rheum tanguticum on irradiation-induced immune damage in mice. METHODS: Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal group (NC), irradiation control group (IC), RTP1 low dose group (200 mg/kg), middle dose group (400 mg/kg) and high dose group (800 mg/kg).The mice in RTP1 group were poured through gastic route by RTP1 for 14 d, the mice in NC and IC group were given by 0.9% sodium chloride solution through the same way. The mice in all groups except NC group were irradiated with 2.0 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ-ray on the fourteenth day. Immune index of non-specific immune function, cellular immunity and humoral immunity were detected at the 24th hour after radiation. RESULTS: Compared with IC group, the spleen index, thymus index, the rate of carbon clearance, phagocytic function of macrophage, lymphocytes proliferation, hemolysin value of blood serum and NK activity in RTP1 groups were increased markedly (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: RTP1 has an obvious protective effect on damage in γ-ray radiated mice.

Preliminary study on antitumor effects of Fascaplysin and safety in vivo in transplanted S180 tumor of ICR mice

XU Wei-feng, WANG Feng, CHEN Hai-min, LU Xiao-ling, YAN Xiao-jun

2010, 15(11):  1206-1210. 

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AIM: To study the inhibitory effect of Fascaplysin on the growth of transplanted S180 tumor in ICR mice. METHODS: The LD₅₀ was counted by LD₅₀ 1.01 software for acute toxicity test. Mouse models bearing S-180 tumor were established by subcutaneous injection in ICR mice, randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (injection of saline), positive control group (CTX, 30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) , high dose group (Fascaplysin, 20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) and low dose group (Fascaplysin, 5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). The growth and histopathological changes of the tumors were observed 10 d after the corresponding treatment of all groups. RESULTS: The growth inhibition rates of positive control group, high dose group and low dose group were (53±9)%, (52±10)% and(30±12)%, respectively.Compared with the control group, there were no significant histopathological changes in liver and kidney of ICR mice during the administration of Fascaplysin, but there were significant changes in transplanted S180 tumor. CONCLUSION: A certain dose of Fascaplysin can significantly inhibit the growth of transplanted S180 tumor in ICR mice. It is a potential antitumor lead compound.

Inhibition of fenofibrate on angiotensinⅡ-induced high expression of osteopontin in cardiac fibroblasts

LI Wen-ju, SHI Miao-qian, OU Dong-bo, DING Lu, LIU Xiao-lin, NIU Xiong-tao, ZHENG Qiang-sun

2010, 15(11):  1211-1215. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of fenofibrate, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, on the up-regulation of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced osteopontin in rat cardiac fibroblasts. METHODS: Isolated cardiac fibroblasts of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat were pretreated with various concentrations of fenofibrate (0, 25, 50 and 100 μmmol/L) for 1 hour. Then Ang II were added into cells for 24 hours. The expression of osteopontin was measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, separately. RESULTS: Significant inhibitory effects of fenofibrate on Ang II-induced high expression of osteopontin were observed in cardiac fibroblasts and the effect was dose dependent (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The present data suggests that fenofibrate can down-regulate the level of osteopontin in rat cardiac fibroblasts, which may explain the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects of fenofibrate in the cardiovascular system.

Influence of aqueous extract of Panacis majoris rhizoma on the auricle microcirculation in mice

HE Hai-bo, SHI Meng-qiong, LU Xun-cong, CHEN Tao, ZHANG Chang-cheng, WANG Hong-wu, YUAN Ding

2010, 15(11):  1216-1222. 

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AIM: To study the influence of aqueous extract of Panacis majoris rhizoma on auricle microcirculation. METHODS: The auricles microcirculation was closely observed to examine the effect of aqueous extract of Panacis majoris rhizoma in the normal and blood stasis model mice auricles. RESULTS: The aqueous extract of Panacis majoris rhizoma were significantly able to increase microvascular diameter and capillary number of the normal and blood stasis model mice, and effectually improve the model mice auricles microcirculation disturbance induced by adrenaline hydrochloride. CONCLUSION: The aqueous extract of Panacis majoris rhizoma can remarkably improve the auricles microcirculation in the normal and blood stasis model mice.

Construction of recombinant adenovirus containing tumor -targeting fusion RGD-IL-24 gene and analysis of its activity in vitro

YANG Jun, LUO Jing-jing, HU Xiu-fang

2010, 15(11):  1223-1228. 

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AIM: To construct the recombinant adenovirus encoding tumor-targeting fusion RGD-IL-24 gene, and to study its biological activity in vitro. METHODS: The fusion gene GRGDS fused with N-terminus of IL-24 was obtained by PCR. Then it was cloned into the shuttle plasmid pAdTrack-CMV to form the transfer vector by the method of homogenous recombination in bacteria. The recombinant adenovirus was transfected into 293 cells using Lipofectine DOTAP.The target gene was detected by PCR. The titer and its infection rate were determined using the green fluorescent protein(GFP) expression in the shuttle plasmid.The activity of inducing tumor cells apoptosis was confirmed by MTT assay and Hoechst assay in vitro. RESULTS: The recombinant adenovirus vector was successfully constructed. The titer of the recombinant adenovirus was 1.3×10¹² pfu/mL. Ad.RGD-IL-24 induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells, and RGD-IL-24 was targeted to tumor cells in vitro. CONCLUSION: The recombinant adenovirus containing RGD-IL-24 gene is successfully constructed by the method of homogenous recombination in bacteria.

Effect of the caspase selective inhibitor F1013 on hepatocyte apoptosis in rats with fulminant hepatic failure

DENG Li-juan, LI Zhan-jun, LUO Ying, FAN Hui-hong

2010, 15(11):  1229-1233. 

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AIM: To observe the protective effect of F1013 on fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) plus D-galactosamine (D-GalN) in rats and to investigate its mechanism of action. METHODS: The rat model of FHF was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of LPS plus D-GalN. The contents of ALT, AST and total bilirubin (TBIL) were examined by an entire automatic biochemistry, the hepatic pathological changes were observed with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) stain , and the hepatocyte apoptosis was detected with FCM and TUNEL. RESULTS: Compared with the control group,serum levels of ALT,AST and TBIL and the expression of hepatocyte apoptosis in rats of the model group were significantly elevated (P<0.01).Compared with the model group,5,2.5,1.25 mg/kg F1013 treatment groups could effectively improve the hepatic tissue injury, reduce serum levels of ALT and AST and the expression of hepatocyte apoptosis (P<0.01 or P<0.05) , 5 mg/kg F1013 treatment group reduce serum levels of TBIL(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: It is shown that F1013 has a promising protective effect on rats with FHF caused by LPS plus D-GaIN, and its mechanism is probably related to the inhibition of liver tissue cell apoptosis.

Determination of plasma 5-(4-phenoxybutoxy) psoralen concentrations by HPLC-UV after dermal administration in rats

HAO Bin, LI Xin-yan, ZHOU Xiang-jun, WANG Yong-xiang

2010, 15(11):  1234-1239. 

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AIM: To develop an analytical method for quantitation of plasma 5-(4-phenoxybutoxy) psoralen (PAP-1) concentrations after dermal administration in rats by using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV). METHODS: Plasma was extracted by ethyl acetate using isoimperatorin as an internal standard and separated by HPLC on a C₁₈ reversed-phase column using the mobile phase of methanol-water (75∶25,V/V) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. PAP-1 was quantitated using the ratio of the area of the analyte to the area of the internal standard. Plasma concentrations of PAP-1 were determined after dermal administration. RESULTS: The limited of detection was 5.3 μg/L(S/N＞10). Calibration curves were linear over the range of 5.3 to 2120 μg/L. The intra and inter-assay variability ranged from 2.3% to 6.0%, and the accuracy ranged from 102% - 105%, for the low, medium and high quality control samples. The extraction recovery of PAP-1 from plasma was in the range of 83.1% to 86.5%. Following a single dermal dose of 15 mg/kg, the plasma PAP-1 level reached the peak at 4 h. AUC values were 256 and 1209 μg·L^-1·h while C_max values were 74 and 225 μg/L for male and female rats, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is rapid, specific and sensitive, and can be used to determine plasma concentrations of PAP-1 for pharmacokinetic experiments. PAP-1 exhibits a significant gender differences after dermal administration in rats.

Application of covariance analysis in phase Ⅱ clinical trials

XIE Hai-tang, SUN Hua, LI Juan, TONG Jiu-cui, JIANG Si-yan, LI Hai-gang, PAN Hang-shan, JIA Yuan-wei, SUN Rui-yuan

2010, 15(11):  1240-1244. 

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AIM: Introduction of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and the application in clinical trials. METHODS: The method of ANCOVA was illustrated by a clinical case study. The implementation of ANCOVA by EXCEL software was also demonstrated and discussed. RESULTS: Once ANCOVA was employed, statistical significance was observed in the treatment effect on silicosis between new drug group and old drug group, whereas, the effects had no statistical significance when utilizing ordinary analysis. CONCLUSION: In clinical trials, the imbalance property of baseline among test groups may often affect the accurate evaluation to trial result.ANCOVA can be employed in this situation to adjust the baseline imbalance.

The assay of the 3-o-methyl-d-glucose (3-OMG) in plasma with derivatization method by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

M'boungou Gwladys Jysmard, WANG Xin-ting, LIU Xiao-dong

2010, 15(11):  1245-1250. 

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AIM: To establish a convenient method to analyze 3-O-Methyl-D-Glucose (3-OMG) in rat plasma using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) as a pre-column derivatizing agent, and in the mean time using this method to analyze the 3-OMG in rat plasma. METHODS: 3-OMG reacted easily with PMP in the presence of 0.4 mol/L NaOH at a 70 ℃ water bath. The derivatives were analyzed by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and monitored by ultraviolet detector at 245 nm. RESULTS: All linear coefficients were over 0.991, and the quantitative limit was 0.0078 mg/mL. The recoveries were found to be 98%-105%. Variations of intra- and inter-day precision were less than 12%. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of 3-OMG in rat plasma. CONCLUSION: This method is simple and effective, and can be adopted to analyze the 3-OMG in the plasma from both normal and diabetic rats.

Detection of antihypertensive drug related genes by gene array

YANG Fan, ZHAO Gang-tao, DING Yuan-yuan, BIAN Jia-ming, XIAO Le-dong, XU Jing-feng

2010, 15(11):  1251-1255. 

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AIM: To detect and type the antihypertensive drug related genes of 219 samples and validate the reliability of the gene microarray method in this experiment. METHODS: Genotype analysis of five antihypertensive drug related genes was performed using gene microarray. And the results of gene microarray analysis were compared with the results of standard ABI sequencing or fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Genotyping results of two methods had a high consistency. CONCLUSION: The gene microarray method used in our experiment is simple, efficient and reliable.

Pharmacokinetics of minidose nalmefene hydrochloride in healthy chinese volunteers

FU Zhi-min, YUAN Hong, TAN Hong-yi, TAN Zhi-rong, PEI Qi, OU YANG Dong-sheng, HUANG Yuan-yuan, HUANG Zhi-jun, YANG Guo-ping

2010, 15(11):  1256-1260. 

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AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics of minidose Nalmefene hydrochloride in healthy Chinese volunteers. METHODS: In a randomized crossover trial, 12 healthy Chinese subjects received Nalmefene hydrochloride 0.05 and 0.1 mg by intravenous injection.The concentration of Nalmefene in human plasma was determined by LC-MS/MS method and its pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0. RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of Nalmefene after a single intravenous administration dose of 0.05 and 0.1 mg Nalmefene hydrochloride were as follows: C_max were (203±99) and (488±350) ng/L; AUC_0-8 were (177±94) and (480±194) ng·L^-1·h; AUC_0-∞ were (282±134) and (649±247) ng·L^-1·h; T_max were (0.08±0.07) and (0.12±0.14) h; t_1/2 were(2.0±1.1) and (2.8±1.2) h, respectively. CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetics of minidose Nalmefene hydrochloride in healthy Chinese volunteer was agreement with the two-compartment mode characteristics and linear kinetics under the intravenous injection dose of 0.05 to 0.1 mg.

Pharmacokinetics of Ganyanling Zhusheye after single intramuscular dose in healthy volunteers

HE Min, QIU Fu-rong, GAO Cheng-lu, CHEN Qin, YANG Shu-juan, SUN Yi-jie, JIANG Jian

2010, 15(11):  1261-1266. 

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AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics profiles of Ganyanling Zhusheye after single intramuscular dosing in healthy volunteers. METHODS: Twelve healthy vounlteers were given a single intramuscular dose of Ganyanling Zhusheye 2 mL. Matrine concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC-MS-MS method.The pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained with statistical analysis by DAS Ver 2.0. RESULTS: Ganyanling Zhusheye disposition on intramuscular administration was characterized by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic mode. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters of healthy volunteers were t_1/2z(7.5±1.4) h,CLz/F(17±4) L/h,t_max0.5(0.33,4) h,AUC_0-t(2087±525) μg·L^-1·h, AUC_0-∞(2131±541) μg·L^-1·h,Vz/F(185±47) L, C_max (235±63) μg/L; The main pharmacokinetic parameters of rhein in female and male healthy volunteers were t_1/2z (7.1±2.0) h vs(7.8±0.6)h, CLz/F(15±4)vs(20±3) L/h(P<0.05), t_max 0.75(0.33,4 ) vs 0.5(0.33, 1) h, AUC_0-t (2396±524)vs(1816±322)μg·L^-1·h (P<0.05), AUC_0-∞(2456±549) vs(1778±322) μg·L^-1·h (P<0.05), Vz/F(149±31)vs(222±27)L(P<0.05),C_max(263±76) vs(208±31) μg/L. CONCLUSION: There is gender difference of pharmacokinetics of intramuscula Ganyanling Zhusheye in healthy volunteers.

Effects of the multidrug resistance 1 gene haplotype on resistance of valproic acid in Chinese Han Epilepsy patients

DING Yuan-yuan, YANG Fan, LIU Jing, XU Qian, ZHANG Mei, XU Jing-feng

2010, 15(11):  1267-1272. 

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AIM: To investigate the association between valproic acid (VAP) plasma concentration and the multidrug resistance 1(MDR1)gene linkage disequilibrium among C1236T-G2677T-C3435T in Chinese Epilepsy Patients. METHODS: The study consisted of 143 epileptic patients receiving sodium valproate. The patients were divided into two groups according to the date of clinic. One was drug fast group (n=68)and the other was control group (n=75). The C1236T, C3435T and G2677T/A SNPs of MDR1 gene were determined by Pyrosequencing and sequencing analysis. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was used to measure the serum concentration of sodium valproate. RESULTS: Incidence rate of CC for C3435T in drug fast group(66.18％)was higher than that in control group(26.03％)(P<0.001);Incidence rate of CT for C3435T in drug fast group(19.12％)was higher than that in control group(60.27％)(P<0.05);Incidence rate of CT for C1236T in drug fast group(23.53％)was lower than that in control group(45.33％)(P<0.05); Incidence rate of CGC in drug fast group(18.38％)was higher than that in control group(9.33％)(P<0.05);Haplotypes analysis demonstrated that the incidence rate of TTT in drug fast group(10.29％)was lower than that in control group(17.33％)(P<0.05);The mean value of the serum concentration of sodium valproate in CGC drug fast group was higher than that in CGC control group with a statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The haplotype of CGC of MDR1 affect the serum concentration of sodium valproate,it offers a potential mechanistic basis to explain intersubject difference in drug fast of sodium valproate.

Effects of amlodipine-based combination amiroride or telmisartan antihypertensive therapy on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients

YU Wei, TANG Xin-hua, WANG Wen, XU Xiao-ling, ZHANG Yi-feng, FANG Shun-yuan, ZHOU Ai-feng, WANG Shu-ying, FU Sheng-wen, HAN Li-ya, JING Hong-yi

2010, 15(11):  1273-1278. 

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AIM: To evaluate the effect factors of amlodipine-based combination amiroride or telmisartan antihypertensive therapy on blood pressure uncontrol in hypertensive patients. METHODS: 700 hypertensive patients from 11 centers in Zhejiang province from Mar. to Oct. 2008 were included in this multi-centre randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive amlodipine plus amiroride (group A, n=354) or amlodipine plus telmisartan (group B, n=346).All patients were followed-up for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Blood press control rates reach 81.9％ and 78.6％ in group A and group B, respectively. In group A, systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP) and body mass index(BMI) in blood pressure uncontrol patients were significantly higher than those in blood pressure control (P<0.01). Heart rate(HR) and cerebrovascular disease history in blood pressure uncontrol patients were higher than those in blood pressure control (P<0.05). In group B, urine acid and proteinuria in blood pressure uncontrol patients were significantly higher than those in blood pressure control (P<0.01). The levels of SBP and DBP were higher than those in blood pressure control (P<0.05).Results from multivariate logistic regression model showed that odds ratio of BMI,HR and DBP were 1.136,1.047,1.074, respectively in group A, the odds ratio of UA and proteinuria were 1.004,1.536, respectively in group B. CONCLUSION: DBP, HR and obesity are main clinical factors of blood pressure uncontrol in amlodipine plus amiroride, UA and proteinuria are main clinical factors of blood pressure uncontrol in amlodipine plus telmisartan.

Study on total intravenous anesthesia with target-controlled infusion of propofol and continuous intravenous infusion of remifentanil in pediatric short duration surgery

LIU Hua-cheng, LI Jun, KONG Wei-wei, SHANGGUAN Wang-ning, CAI Ming-yang, LIAN Qing-quan

2010, 15(11):  1279-1283. 

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AIM: To evaluate the anesthetic effect and the safety of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with target-controlled infusion of propofol and continuous intravenous infusion of remifentanil in pediatric short duration surgery: comparison with total inhalational anesthesia. METHODS: 60 pediatric cases suffered from short duration elective surgery were randomly divided into two groups, 30 cases each group. The intravenous group and inhalation group (control group). Patients in the intravenous group were anesthetized by TIVA with target controlled infusion of propofol (3 μg/mL) and remifentanil continuous intravenous infusion (0.2-0.3 μg·kg^-1·min^-1). Patients in the control group were given inhalation of 3%-4% sevoflurane. The heart rate(HR), mean arterial blood pressure(MAP) and spectral index(BIS) of the patients were recorded at time points: before induction (T₀), after induction (T₁), LMA insertion (T₂), skin incision(T₃), 10 mins after skin incision (T₄), LMA extraction(T₅). Recording the awakening time, degree of vigilance (OAA/S scores) and postoperative adverse events. RESULTS: The HR and MAP of T₂-T₅ in control group were significantly higher than those in intravenous group (P<0.05 or 0.01). There were significantly different of T₁-T₅ values of HR and MAP in control group(P<0.05), but not in intravenous group (P>0.05). The awakening time in intravenous group was significantly shorter than that in control group(P<0.05). The OAA/S scores 10 mins after drug discontinuance were higher in intravenous group than those in control group (P<0.05). The occurrences of postoperative nausea, vomiting and restlessness were more frequently observed in patients in the control group than those in intravenous group(P<0.05). The anesthesia satisfactory ratio was higher in intravenous group than that in control group. CONCLUSION: TIVA with target-controlled infusion of profofol and continuous intravenous infusion of remifentanil displays stability in hemodynamics, less stress, rapid recovery, less complications, better clinical results in pediatric short duration surgery.

Cardiac protection effect of Xuezhikang on patients with chronic heart failure correlates positively to lowering plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels

LIAO Xiang-ming

2010, 15(11):  1284-1287. 

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AIM: To observe the cardiac protection effect of Xuezhikang on cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and its relation with plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP) levels. METHODS: 80 patients with CHF were randomly divided into two groups;the control group received routine anti-failure treatment, and the observation group received routine anti-failure treatment in combination with Xuezhikang for 8 weeks. The cardiac function, i.e., left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) , were measured before and after treatment with color Doppler ultrasound; plasma NT-proBNP, HS-CRP levels were determined by ELISA method and nephelometry respectively. RESULTS: The cardiac function improved more effectively in the observation group than that in the control group. The LVEF increasing and LVDd decreasing were correlated to plasma NT-proBNP levels (r=-0.72 and 0.75, P<0.05 respectively ) and HS-CRP levels (r=-0.387 and 0.31, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Xuezhikang is effective in anti-failure treatment. Reducing plasma NT-proBNP and HS-CRP levels may be the possible mechanism of the drug, but NT-proBNP reducing is more important.

Study on genetic factors of clopidogrel resistance

HE Chun-hui, HU Qin , ZOU Jian-jun, CHEN Shao-liang, FAN Hong-wei, XIE Hong-guang, ZHU Yu-bing

2010, 15(11):  1288-1293. 

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Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug, which has been confirmed as one of the standard treatments for the prevention of stent thrombosis in coronary heart disease(CHD). However, ischemic events still occur in population under routine dosage of clopidogrel treatment, which may due to the variabilities of platelet response to clopidogrel. This phenomenon is defined as clopidogrel resistance(CR). The mechanism of CR has not been clearly elucidated yet, gene polymorphism is considered as one of the most important reasons. In this review, we will discuss the impact of genetic variations of transportors, drug metabolizing enzymes and receptors in pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and clinical responses to clopidogrel.

DNA methylation and the regulation of P450 enzymes and transporters:implications for interindividual variability in response to drugs

YANG Jie, TAN Jie , ZOU Jian-jun, ZHOU Jun-shan, XIE Hai-tang

2010, 15(11):  1294-1299. 

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Gene polymorphisms of Cytochrome P450 enzymes and transporters have been recognized as causes of interindividual variability in response to drugs. But some inconsistencies of the gene polymorphism and the phenotype of certain metabolic enzymes, transporter genotype can not be completely explained on the basis of genetic polymorphisms.Parmacoepigeneties is to study the relationship between genetic factors and drug therapy from the perspective of epigenetics and offer new explanation for interindividual variations in drug response.P450 enzymes and transporters are subject to epigenetic control. The most common epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation, which does not change the genetic code, but might affect gene expression.Since the maintenance of its genome sequence, DNA methylation can be used to explain some inconsistencies of the gene polymorphism and the phenotype. In this overview,we summarize the newest advancement of the regulation of DNA methylation in epigenetic mechanisms of P450 enzymes and transporter gene expression.

Progress of hemodilution on the role of anesthetic drugs effects

YUAN Xiao-hong, GUO Jian-rong, JIN Xiao-ju

2010, 15(11):  1300-1304. 

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Hemodilution (HD) is one of the commonly blood conservation methods in the perioperative period. In recent year,it is widely applied during operation and has many advantages,but hemodilution causes a series of physiological changes in the body,thus may affect the effect of anesthetic drugs.In this article,progresses of hemodilution on the role of anesthetic drugs effects are reviewed.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury following adult cardiothoracic surgery

ZHANG Jin-bo, ZHANG Xiao-le, XU Guo-bin, DONG Zhi-bing, LI Chuan-guang, WANG Wen-long

2010, 15(11):  1305-1309. 

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It is needed to develop early biomarkers of acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery, whose morbidity and mortality are increased by its presence. NGAL(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) seems to be a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, a wide range in its predictive value has been reported. It is reviewed whether NGAL can early diagnosis AKI actually.

Study progress of type I anaphylaxis reaction and anaphylactoid reaction on the basis of RBL-2H3 cell models

ZHAO Yin, LI Qin, ZHANG Xin-yue

2010, 15(11):  1310-1314. 

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It have been apparently considerable research work on type I anaphylaxis reaction since it was discovered in early 20th.Anaphylactoid reaction was first described in application of anaesthetic and contrast medium in 1980s.With the ascending rate of anaphylactoid responses accompanied the increasing use of traditional Chinese medicine injections, much attention has been paid to this field in order to clarify the mechanism.This article focuses on the cell model of type I and pseudoallergic reaction based on RBL-2H3 cell with the latest detection methods and molecular mechanism in vitro.

Pharmacogenomics and therapy in arrhythmic disease

SHEN Ying, DENG Jie, SONG Hong-tao

2010, 15(11):  1315-1320. 

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Therapeutic dose and toxic dose about antiarrhythmic drugs are extremely near, and the individual difference is easy to induce drug adverse reaction. Studies on pharmacogenomics of antiarrhythmic drugs have correctly conducted the use of drugs in order to achieve desirable treatment and effectiveness and reduce side effects. This article presents an overview of the current research progress of pharmacogenomics of antiarrhythmic drugs.