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Welcome to Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics,Today is Chinese

Table of Content

    Volume 14 Issue 7
    26 July 2009
    Quality assurance of randomization in clinical trials
    LIU Yu-xiu
    2009, 14(7):  721-725. 
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    Randomization is one of the effective procedures avoiding selection bias in randomized controlled clinical trials.Quality assurance of the randomization is crucial to improve the quality of clinical trials.Successful implementation of randomization depends on two interrelated aspects.The first is the generation of unpredictable random allocation sequence which prevent researchers, clinicians, and patients from predicting.The second is allocation concealment which conceals the upcoming allocation sequence from researchers and participants.Based on introducing the concept of randomization, the techniques of generating random sequence and allocation concealment used in clinical trials are reviewed and described.Meanwhile, the contents and requirements reporting randomization are provided, hoping to improve the quality of reporting randomized controlled clinical trials in China.
    Study on phenylethylamines new compounds against benign prostatic hyperplasia
    WANG Rong-rong, JIANG Zhen-zhou, XI Bao-min, WANG Tao, LIU Jing, LIANG Zhongliang, ZHANG Lu-yong
    2009, 14(7):  726-735. 
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    AIM: To study the bioactivities in vitro and the pharmacodynamic action in vivo of XBM series phenylethylamines as α1-adrenocepter antagonist on benign prostatic hyperplasia.METHODS: The antagonism of XBMs on isolated SD rat anococcygeus musle was observed by isometric tension experiment.The adrenoceptor subtype selectivity of XBM-21 was identified by flow cytometry, and the effect of XBM-21 on benign prostatic hyperplasia model rats was also identified. RESULTS: Most of the XBM new compounds have antagonism on α1-AR, the pA2 of XBM-21 was 8.42. The IC50 of XBM-21 on α1A-AR, α1B-AR and α1D-AR were 71.5 nmol/L, 1.03 μmol/L and 65 nmol/L, respectively.XBM-21 could obviously improve the dry and humid weight index of hyperplasia of prostate gland model rats.CONCLUSION: XBM-21 has siginificant antagonism on blocking α1-adrenoceptor, it has good selectivities on α1A-AR and α1D-AR, which indicateed the new compound could better improve the symptom induced by benign prostatic hyperplasia.
    Renoprotective effect and mechanisms of benazepril and pentifylline on adriamycin nephropathy rats
    YANG Yan-lang, ZHANG Dao-you, WANG Xiang-ming, CUI Ming-chun, WU Xiao-dong
    2009, 14(7):  736-740. 
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    AIM: To investigate the renoprotective effect of benazepril and pentifylline on adriamycin nephropathy rats.METHODS: A total 42 rats were randomly assigned to control group, model group, benazepril treatment group, pentifylline treatment group and combined treatment group.At the 8th week after operation, changes of the 24 hours urinary protein excretion, renal function, TP and Alb were also examined. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate renal pathological changes and the expression of MCP-1 and TGF-β1.RESULTS: Combined treatment group could efficiently lowe the blood pressure [ PTX group (134±6) mm Hg, ACEI group(130±5) mm Hg, combined treatment group(126±5) mm Hg, control group(141±5) mm Hg] and the contents of proteinuria in treatment groups were decreased, the effect in ACEI group surpassed that in PTX group, but had no significance.The proteinuria in combined group was lowered than in single treatment group (P<0.01). Combined treatment group could efficiently decreased the expression of MCP-1 and TGF-β1.CONCLUSION: Benazepril and pentifylline may play a protective role by depressing renal inflammation, interstitial fibrosis and lowering proteinuria.The effect of combination of benazepril and pentifylline is better than that of either.
    Macrocalyxin A induces apoptosis by mitochondrial signaling pathway in HL-60 leukemia cells
    WU Jian-guo, ZHOU Yong-lie, XIA Da-jing, XIA Jun, QIU Lian-nu, WU Mao, LIN Huijun, FEI Xian-ming
    2009, 14(7):  741-747. 
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    AIM: To study the effects of macrocalyxin A (MA) on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in HL-60 human leukemia cell line and explore its mechanisms.METHODS: Different concentrations of MA and different times of cultivation were used to treat HL-60 cell.The proliferation inhibition was analyzed by MTT assay.The cell apoptosis was analyzed by cell morphology, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA content and cell cycle analyzation, Annexin-V/PI and Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining.The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas P53 and mitochondrial membrane protein were analyzed by flow cytometry, while the mitochondrial transmembrancepotential (ΔΨm) was labeled by dihydrorhodamin 123.RT-PCR method was used to study the Bcl-2, Bax, P53 and caspase-3 mRNA levels.RESULTS: MA could inhibit HL-60 cell proliferation viability within a certain range of treating time and dose, with a 24 h IC50 of 8.76 μg/mL, 48 h of 7.17 μg/mL and 72 h of 7.14 μg/mL.A majority of HL-60 cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase.The HL-60 cells apoptosis was confirmed by type cell morphology, DNA fragment, sub-G1 phase and Annexin-Ⅴ PI labeling method with a time and dose related manner. The expression of Bax was increased, and Bcl-2, P53 and fas were unchanged by the treatment of MA.MA could increase the expression of mitochondrial membrane protein and caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner while the ΔΨm was reduced.CONCLUSION: MA can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of HL-60 cells.The mechanisms associate with its up-regulation of Bax and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential, opening the mitochondrial membrane pore and activating caspase-3.
    Effects of roxithromycin on NF-κB activity and bronchial hyperresponsiveness of asthma rats
    YAN Sun-shun, DAI Yuan-rong, WU Li-qin, XIA Xiao-dong
    2009, 14(7):  748-753. 
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    AIM: To investigate the effect of roxithromycin on the NF-κB activity, the airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness of asthma rats. METHODS: Thirty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group(Group C, n=10), asthma group (Group A, n=10) and roxith group(Group R, n=10).The asthma model was induced by ovalbumin and Al(OH) 3.The airway reactivity was detected and then rats in each group were sacrificed after 24 hours for the last provocation.The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γin bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA, and the activity of NF-κB protein in bronchial epithelium was detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Compared with Group C, the airway reactivity in Group A was increased(P<0.01).Compared with Group A, the airway reactivity in Group R was decreased (P<0.05).Compared with Group A, the concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 in BALF in Group C were decreased (all P<0.01) and those in Group R were decreased (all P<0.01).The concentration of IFN-γ in BALF in Group R was significantly less than that in Group C (P<0.01) but was higher than that in Group A (P<0.01).The activity of NF-κB protein in bronchial epithelial in Group A was significantly higher than that in Group C (P<0.01) and that in Group R was less than that in Group A (P<0.01).There were significantly positive correlation between the activity of NF-κB p65 in bronchial epithelium and the concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 in BALF (r=0.856, P<0.01;r=0.912, P<0.01).There were significantly negative correlation between the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-5 in BALF and PC25Raw and PC15Cdyn (r=-0.713, P<0.01;r=-0.772, P<0.01, r=-0.738, P<0.01;r=-0.818, P<0.01, respectively).CONCLUSION: Roxithromycin can significantly inhibit the activity of NF-κB and retrieve the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cytokine in asthma.The airway reactivity of asthma rats is decreased by roxithromycin which may be related to the reduction of IL-4 and IL-5 expression
    Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of tranilast on pulmonary fibrosis in rats
    XU Hong-lei, JIN Xu-ru, CHEN Shao-xian
    2009, 14(7):  754-759. 
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    AIM: To explore the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of tranilast on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.METHODS: Fourty-eight Sprague-Dauley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (Group N, n=16), pulmonary fibrosis model group (Group M, n=16), and tranilast treatment group (Group Q, n=16).Eight rats in each group were sacrificed on days 14 and 28 following the day of animal model establishment.The degree of airsacculitis and pulmonary fibrosis were detected by HE andMasson staining in each group rats.The concentrations of NF-κB, expressions of TGF-β1 mRNA and concentrations of Hydroxyproline (HYP), SOD and MDA in lung tissue were detected by the immunohistochemical method, fluorescent quantitative PCR, allaki hydrolysis, DTNB and thiobarbituric acid method in each group, respectively.RESULTS: The concentrations of NF-κB, expressions of TGF-β1 mRNA and concentrations of HYP, SOD andMDA in lung tissue were significantly higher in GroupM than in Group N (P<0.01) and was significantly lower in Q group than inM group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of tranilast may be achieved through inhibited the generation of oxygen free radicals and thus decreased the activity of NF-κB, thereby inhibited TGF-β mRNA expression.
    Effect of glucose on the growth of mouse embryonic stem cells
    LI Hua, Amy Lam, WU Hao-jia, HAO Min, Sookja Kim Chung
    2009, 14(7):  760-765. 
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    AIM: Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) are routinely cultured in the medium with high concentration of glucose (25 mmol/L).However, it was found that chronic high glucose culture promoted the apoptosis of stem cells, inhibited the differentiation efficiency and decreased the response of differentiated beta cells on glucose stimulation.The present study was designed to find suitable lower concentration of glucose to optimize the ESC culture medium so as to improve the ESC growth and differentiation.METHODS: The routinely used high glucose (25 mmol/L) medium was changed to 5, 10, 15, 25 mmol/L respectively at 4 or 12 hours after mESC passage.The colony formation by alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining, cell counting by Trypan blue, cell viability by 3-[ 4, 5-Dimethyl-2-thiazol]-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method were performed.RESULTS: mESCs were changed culturing with different glucose concentrations at 12 hours after passage:(1) There was no significant difference on colony numbers between 5, 10, 15 mmol/L groups and 25 mmol/L group, and AP staining was strongly positive in all groups.(2) There was no significant difference of cell numbers and cell viability at 15 mmol/L group compared with 25 mmol/L group.CONCLUSION: 15 mmol/L glucose, which was used at 12 hours after mESC passage, did not affect the cell viability, pluripotency and undifferentiated state.
    Study on reversal of multidrug resistance in K562/AO2 cells by momordica
    YE Ai-fang, YIN Li-hui, XIONG Shu-dao, HAN Yi-xiang, ZHANG Sheng-hui, WU Jian-bo
    2009, 14(7):  766-769. 
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    AIM: To study the reverse and apoptosis effects of momordica at non-cytotoxic concentration reversing the multidrug resistance (MDR) leukemia cell line K562/AO2.METHODS: The cytotoxic effect of momordica and the sensitivity to the K562/AO2 cell lines were determined by CCK-8 colorimetry.The apoptosis rate of the K562/AO2 cell lines in control group and other groups were detected by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Momordica had definite cytotoxic effect on K562/AO2, the non-cytotoxic concentration was 5 μg/mL, the momordica at non-cytotoxic concentration could partly reverse the MDR of K562/AO2 cell lines to adriamycin, vincristine, daunomycin (5.4, 6.5 and 4.0 times).The apoptosis of the K562/AO2 cell lines were induced at the 5 μg/mL momordica combined with vincristine, and the apoptosis rate was (19.38± 1.06)%.The apoptosis rate of the control group, single momordica group, single vincristine group were (1.64±0.27)%, (3.79± 0.82)%, (9.83± 0.98)%, respectively.CONCLUSION: Momordica could partly reverse the MDR of K562/AO2 cell lines in different groups such as adriamycin, vincristine and daunomycin.A certain dose of momordica combined with vincristine could increase the apoptosis rate of tumour cells.
    Study on the influence factors on the stability of cefuroxime, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime injections
    ZHOU Ping
    2009, 14(7):  770-774. 
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    AIM: To study the influence factors on the stability of cefuroxime sodium, ceftriaxone sodium and cefotaxime sodiumin mingled in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% glucose infusion.METHODS: In the condition of different temperatures (8, 25 and 37 ℃), different intensities of illumination (illumination intensity 2500 lx, away from light)and different times (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 h), the contents, pH and insoluble particles of three kinds of injections were detected.RESULTS: In different temperatures and illumination intensity conditions, the contents of three drugs mingled with the two infusions were in a stable state in 3h.With the extension of storage time, the related substances of cefuroxime sodium and ceftriaxone sodium were increased significantly in the transfusions. Yet the cefotaxime sodium was not increased relatively. CONCLUSION: The three drugs mingled with the two transfusions should be used in 3 h, but it is better to use immediately, and cefuroxime sodium and ceftriaxone sodium should be kept away from light.It is useful for increasing the therapeutic effect and promoting the rational use of drugs to know the influence factors on the stability.
    Studies on rat intestinal absorption of Henatinib maleate in situ
    GU Ping, SUN De-zhu, GU Xiao, HANG Tai-jun, DING Li, LIU Wen-ying
    2009, 14(7):  775-779. 
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    AIM: To study the rat intestinal absorption of henatinib maleate in situ.METHODS: The rat single-pass intestinal perfusion technique was applied, and the gravimetry was used to correct the perfusion volume.The concentration of henatinib was determined by HPLC.A series of studies were carried out including the absorption under different bile secretion conditions, at different concentrations and at different intestinal regions.RESULTS: The drug absorption rate constants (Ka) were 3.5×10-2, 4.3×10-2/min, respectively, and the apparent absorption coefficients (Papp) were 3.0×10-3, 3.1×10-3 cm/min, respectively, in the groups of bile duct ligation and without bile duct ligation.Moreover, Ka were 3.9×10-2, 4.3×10-2, 4.3×10-2/min, respectively, and Papp were 2.3×10-3, 3.1×10-3, 3.1×10-3 cm/min, respectively, at three perfusate drug concentrations of high, middle and low levels.And Ka were 4.5×10-2, 3.7×10-2, 4.2×10-2, 4.1×10-2/min, respectively, and Papp were 3.3×10-3, 2.8×10-3, 3.0×10-3, 3.5×10-3cm/min, respectively, on the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon.CONCLUSION: The absorption of henatinib is not apparently influenced by bile secretion.Concentration of henatinib has no significant effect on its absorption in all segments of rat intestine.The absorption is consistent with passive transportation.Henatinib is well absorbed in every segment of the intestine and has no specific absorption site.So, henatinib can be made into oral dosage forms.
    Protective effect of simvastatin on cardiac mitochondrion of rats with diastolic heart failure
    TANG Hui-fang, WU Shu-lin, DENG Chun-yu, XUE Yu-mei
    2009, 14(7):  780-784. 
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    AIM: To study the effect of simvastatin on cardiac function and mitochondrion of rats with diastolic heart failure (DHF) and its mechanism.METHODS: 50 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, DHF group, simvastatin 1mg group (S1 group), simvastatin 2mg group(S2 group) and simvastatin 4 mg group (S4 group).DHF model was produced by abdominal aortic coarctation in rats of the operating group.The rats in simvastatin groups were given with simvastatin (1, 2, 4 mg°kg-1 °d-1) by intragastric administration for 4 weeks, the others were treated with equal isotonic Na chloride.After 4 weeks, the cardiac function and hemorheology were assessed by echocardiography and catheterization.The level of malonaldehyole (MDA), superoxidedismutase (SOD) and glutathioneperoxidase(GSH-Px) were detected by spectrophotometer.Ultra structure changes in myocardium were observed under electron microscope.RESULTS: In DHF group, the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), interventricular septum (IVS), left ventricular cardiac index (LVM), E A ratio, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and MDA were increased, the left ventricular relaxation time (Tau) was prolonged, the LV-dp dtmax, SOD and GSH-Px were decreased.The myocardium damage including abnormality of myofilament arrangement, mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization were showed.Compared with DHF group, the cardiac function and hemorheology were improved in the treatment groups.The myocardium damage was ameliorated in the simvastatin group too.The protective effect of simvastatin on heart was increased according to the dose of simvastatin.CONCLUSION: Simvastatin improves cardiac diastolic function in rats with DHF by ameliorating the damage of myocardial cell and mitochondrion.
    Suppressing effect of a novel epitopes DNA vaccine on mouse melanoma growth
    SHANG Ming-hong, LIN Sen-sen, SUN Li, ZHANG Yan-kai, YUAN Sheng-tao, ZHANG Lu-yong
    2009, 14(7):  785-789. 
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    AIM: Construction of MAGE-1(161-169) DNA vaccine and evaluated its anti-melanoma effects in mouse.METHODS: A DNA vaccine pcDNA3.1-HSP70-MAGE-1(161-169) has been constructed and used to immunize mice 3 times at 2-weekly intervals.Two weeks after the last immunization, tumor challenge experiments were performed by using B16F10 melanoma cell.After 14 d of challenge experiments, all mice were sacrificed and tumors were weighted.The specific anti-MAGE-1 IgG antibodies and the IFN-γreleased by mouse primary splenocytes were detected by ELISA methods.RESULTS: The specific anti-MAGE-1 antibodies were detected in the serum of the mice immunized with pcDNA3.1-HSP70-MAGE-1(161-169) DNA vaccine.It showed that B16F10 melanoma growth in mice of DNA vaccine group was obviously suppressed compared with that in saline control group, with tumor inhibitory rate of 40.7%.The IFN-γ released by mouse primary splenocytes in mice of HSP70-MAGE-1(161-169) DNA vaccine group was 3.05 times of that in saline control group.CONCLUSION: pcDNA3.1-HSP70-MAGE-1(161-169) may be an effective DNA vaccine for the treatment of MAGE-1 dependent tumors.
    Effects of pulmonary function changes on pharmacokinetics of the trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole combination in plateau environment
    GAO Fen, GUAN Wei, JIU Tai
    2009, 14(7):  790-793. 
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    AIM: To explore the relationship between the pulmonary function changes and pharmacokinetics of the trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole combination (SMZ CO) under hypoxic condition of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.METHODS: The Han Chinese healthy young male volunteers were divided into three groups which involve plain group, rapid ascent group and adaptation group.All subjects in this study were treated with a single dose of SMZ Co tablets, the concentration of SMZ Co in plasma was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 15 different time points and the pulmonary function parameters were determined by Jegger pulmonary function instrument of Germany.The pharmacokinetics and pulmonary function parameters of cotrimoxazole were calculated by DAS 2.0 and SPSS 13.0 statistical software in three groups after administration of SMZ Co tablets.RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the plain group and the rapid ascent group in the pharmacokinetics parameters of SMZ CO which include elimination rate constant (Ke), area undercurve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT), half-life (t1/2), clearance rate (CL), the plain group and the adaptation group in the pharmacokinetics parameters which involve Ke, MRT and t1/2, and between rapid ascent group and adaptation group in the pharmacokinetics parameters which contain t1/2 and apparent volume of distribution (V/F).Compared with other two groups, the forced expiratory flow after 25% of vital capacity expelled (FEF25%) and peak expiratory flow (PEF%) were significantly raised up in the rapid ascent group(P<0.01) and the FEF50%, maximal midexpiratory flow (MMEF%), forced expiratory volume (FEV%), forced vital capacity (FVC%) and vital capacity (VC%) were decreased in the adaptation group (P<0.05 or 0.01).There were positive correlation between PEF%, FEF50% and AUC and negative correlation between FVC%, PEF%, FEF50%, MMEF%, FEV/FVC% and t1/2, V/F.CONCLUSION: Pulmonary function changes have significant effect on AUC, t1/2, V/F of SMZ CO pharmacokinetics in plateau environment.
    Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of candesartan cilexetic tablet and capsule in healthy volunteers
    YU Jia, MA Ke, QI Jin-wen, JIN Ge, WANG Yan, FANG Shun-gan, LI Gong-hua, XIE Dan
    2009, 14(7):  794-798. 
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    AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of candesartan cilexetic tablets, capsules and imported tablets in healthy volunteers.METHODS: A single oral dose 16 mg of three formulations was randomly given to 18 healthy volunteers in a three cycle duplex 3×3 latin square crossover design.The concentration of candesartan in plasma, which is a major metabolite of candesartan cilexetic, was determined by HPLC-FLD at different times. The pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated and the bioequivalence of three formulations were evaluated by DAS program.RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of candesartan cilexetic tablets, capsules and imported tablets were as follows:tmax were (4.6±0.9), (4.6±1.3)and (4.4±0.9)h, t1/2 were(8.8±1.9), (8.3±1.9), (8.5±1.8)h, Cmax were(170±61), (155±75)and (171±77)ng°mL, AUC0-36 were(1762±576), (1684±600)and (1808±662)ng°mL-1 °h, AUC0-∞ were (1886±616), (1776±600)and (1913±694)ng°mL-1 °h.The relative bioavailability of tested tablets and capsules were 97.75% and 93.11%.CONCLUSION: The two tested formulations are bioequivalent with reference formulation.
    Development of pyrosequencing method for the simultaneous and rapid detection of CYP2C9*3 gene polymorphism and its reliability study
    ZHAO Gang-tao, DING Yuan-yuan, YANG Fan, LIU Hui-jun, JIANG Nan, XU Jing-feng
    2009, 14(7):  799-803. 
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    AIM: To establish a pyrosequencingbased method for simultaneous and rapid detection of CYP2C9*3 gene polymorphism.METHODS: With the results of standard ABI sequencing as a standard control, we observed and analyzed the reliability of the pyrosequencing method which involves the establishment of biotin-labeled primers, amplification of PCR, separation of Beads, preparation of pyrosequencing single-stranded template of mutational sites and sequencing of PyroMark ID in pyrosequencing apparatus by detected 220 cases of human DNA samples.RESULTS: We achieved the simultaneous and rapid detection platform of CYP2C9*3 mutation of DNA samples based on Pyrosequencing technology, which can detect DNA samples with high-flux manner.The test results of the CYP2C9*3 mutation of 96 DNA samples can be obtained each time with this detection platform.Compared with the standard ABI sequencing, the mutation detection rate and the repetition rate of CYP2C9*3 mutation are 100% in this method.CONCLUSION: Pyrosequencing method is a accurate, high-throughput, rapid method for the CYP2C9*3 mutation detection, especially suitable for the bulk detection of this mutation.
    Clinical study for the effects of Wuzhi-capsule on blood concentration of tacrolimus in renal transplant recipients
    LI Qing, XIN Hua-wen, WU Xiao-chun, YU Ai-rong, XIONG Lei
    2009, 14(7):  804-807. 
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    AIM: To study the effects of Wuzhicapsule (WZ) on the blood concentrations of Tacrolimus (Tac) in renal transplant recipients.METHODS: The renal transplant recipients were divided into experimental group (45 cases) which treated with Tac plus WZ and control group (45 cases) which were received Tac alone.The blood concentrations of Tac and biochemical values of hepatic and renal functions were determined.RESULTS: The blood concentrations of Tac were significantly higher in experimental group than those in experimental group before combined with WZ(P<0.01) or in control group (P<0.01).The biochemical values of hepatic and renal functions between experimental group and control group were no significant difference.CONCLUSION: The WZ can markedly elevate the blood concentrations of Tac in renal transplant recipients and does not increase the liver and kidney toxicity of Tac at the same time.The treatment of WZ combined with Tac can reduce the dosages and costs of Tac in renal transplant recipients.
    Clinical observation on combining edaravone with breviscapine in treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction
    JIANG Ya-bin, HUANG Li-an, WANG Tong-ge, HUANG Shun-shao, CHEN Zhuo-ming
    2009, 14(7):  808-811. 
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    AIM: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of combining edaravone with breviscapine in treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).METHODS: Ninety-seven ACI cases were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The control group receiving the treatment of Fufang Danshen injection 20 mL+0.9%NS 250 mL iv gtt qd and 0.9%NS 15mL+0.9%NS 250mL iv gtt b.i.d for 14d, while the treatment group was treated with breviscapine injection 50 mg+0.9%NS 250 mL iv gtt qd and edaravone injection 30 mg+0.9%NS 250 mL iv gtt b.i.d for 14 d.RESULTS: The improvement of the clinic neurological function deficient score at 7, 14 and 21 d after treatment in treatment group was obviously better than that in control group(P<0.05).The improving rate in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group (70.8% vs 40.8%, P<0.01).The total effective rate in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group (91.7% vs 63.3%, P<0.01).The score of MRS in two groups were improved at 90 d after treatment, but the improvement in treatment group was more obvious(P<0.05).The treatment group had few side effect occurred.CONCLUSION: Combining edaravone with breviscapine can effectively improve the neurological function and the living ability of patients with ACI.
    Protective effects of propofol and isoflurane on cerebral oxygen metabolism and cerebral injury during cardiopulmonary bypass:A comparative study
    GUO Jian-rong, JIA Dong-lin, REN Li-yuan, DU Jian-man, CHEN Xiao-fei, HU Li-hong
    2009, 14(7):  812-817. 
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    AIM: To observe the protective effects of isoflurane and propofol by the changes of cerebral oxygen supply-demands balance and serum concentration of S100β and NSE protein in cardiac valve replacement during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).METHODS: All of 30 patients undergoing heart valve replacement were prospectively randomized divided into isoflurane group (with isoflurane adoption) and propofol group (with propofol adoption), 15 cases for each group.Jugular venous bulb blood oxygen saturation (SjvO2), Jugular arterial-venous oxygen content difference (Da-jvO2)and cerebral oxygen extraction rate (CERO2)and radical artery blood gas analysis were measured at six stages (T1-T6)of CPB which include before CPB (T1), bring down the temperature to stability stage (T2), recovery temperature to 36 ℃(T3), 30min (T4), 6 hours (T5)and 24 hours (T6)after CPB.In addition, the jugular venous bulb blood was taken at the six time points to measure the blood concentration of S100β and NSE protein.RESULTS: Sjv-O2, Da-jvO2, CERO2 and the blood concentration of S100β and NSE protein which are brain damage markers were no significant difference (P>0.05)in two groups before CPB.SjvO2 in the two groups were both increased during cooling period and then decreased during rewarming period, but the change in propofol group is less than that in the isoflurane group(P<0.01).The blood concentrations of S100β protein and NSE protein were both increased after CPB, the concentration of protein in propofol group, however, were lower than in isoflurane group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Two types of anesthesia can be used in valve replacement surgery under CPB.Compared with isoflurane, propofol anesthesia is more conducive to improvement cerebral oxygen metabolism and protection of brain damage in cardiac valve replacement surgery under CPB.
    Analysis on influencing factor of effect for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis with risedronate sodium capsules
    GUO Jun-hao, YAO Ru-bing, ZHAO Zhi-ming, CAI Hui
    2009, 14(7):  818-822. 
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    AIM: To analyze the influencing factor of effect for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis with risedronate sodium capsules.METHODS: This is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical research.All patients were divided into two groups, trail group and control group.During 12 months, patients of trail group took risedronate sodium capsules orally every morning, patients of control group took placebo orally every morning, and at the same time all patients took calcichew D orally every night.Multiple linear regression analysis on influencing factor of effect including person's age, height, body weight, body mass index, menopause years, and therapeutic method.RESULTS: The therapeutic method was eventually conducted into the regression equation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Risedronate sodium capsule is the independent influencing factor for increasing bone mineral density(BMD), and the BMD has annual gain 0.041 g/cm2
    Effect of ginkgo leaf extract on oxidative stress and haemodynamics in diabetic nephropathy patients
    ZHANG Li-li, LIU Shu-hua, WANG Fu-liang, ZHAO Zhi-ming, MA Hong-mei
    2009, 14(7):  823-826. 
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    AIM: To investigate the effect of ginkgo leaf extract on oxidative stress and haemodynamics of diabetic nephropathy(DN).METHODS: The patients of DN were divided into ginkgo leaf extract treatment group and control group.The changes of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx), malondialdehyde (MDA)and hemorheology indexes were observed.RESULTS: Before treatment, serum SOD, GSH-Px, MDA and hemorheology indexes had no significant difference between ginkgo leaf extract treatment group and control group.After treatment, the serum levels of T-SOD and GSH-Px were increased; the level of MDA, hemorheology indexes, erythrocyte aggregation index and platelet aggregation rate were decreased significantly in ginkgo leaf extract treatment group compared with those in control group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The antioxidant ability of cells were deceased in DN.Ginkgo leaf extract could protect the renal function by increasing the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, improving the hemorheology, decreasing the albuminuria.
    Cell co-culture and advances in application
    CHANG Yan, WEI Wei
    2009, 14(7):  827-832. 
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    The cell co-culture in vitro can simulate micro-environment in vivo and bridge the gap between monolayer cell culture and animal experiment. Thus, in many cases the experimental method is valuable in observing the interaction of cells and mechanisms and targets of drugs.This article reviews the cell co-culture and advances in application.The cell coculture can serve as a powerful tool for studying cell interaction and mechanisms of drugs.
    Significance of ERK/MAPK signal transduction pathway in the targeting treatment of gastrointestinal cancer
    HUANG Jian-xiong, WU Pei
    2009, 14(7):  833-836. 
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    Extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) signaling pathway plays an important role in gastrointestinal tumorigenesis and development.ERK/MAPK signal transduction pathway has three important molecular targets:the small G protein Ras, Raf kinase andMEK1/2 and ERK1/2.At present, there are three kinds of approach which can inhibit ERK/MAPK signal transduction pathway:⑴ destroying the structure and (or) function of the target protein, ⑵adopting the deficit strategy, ⑶damaging the interaction between proteins. These approaches can provide new ideas for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.
    Using the basic theory of ISO9001 quality management system to guide the implementation of drug clinical trial
    KONG Xiao-hong, QI Jian-wei, LI Ping, YIN Xiao-hong
    2009, 14(7):  837-840. 
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    The whole process of drug clinical trial must be strictly followed by three major principles:ethical, scientific and legal.On this basis, the hospital will also use the management concepts of ISO9001 quality management system throughout the entire process of quality control in drug clinical trial to further consolidate and improve the quality assurance system of the clinical trial.