Table of Content

Volume 10 Issue 2
06 February 2005

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Regulation effects of CPU 228 on cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration and parameters of Ca²⁺ transients in rat myocardium during β-adrenergic stimulation

HUANG Zhi-jiang, LIN Sheng, DAI De-zai, NA Tao, JI Min, ZHAO Xiao-chen, Sun Li

2005, 10(2):  121-127. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of CPU 228 on cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) and the parameters of Ca²⁺ transients in myocardium during β-adrenergic stimulation.METHODS: The cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration of the isolated rat ventricular myocytes was measured by Fluo-3/AM.The Ca²⁺ transient of myocytes was twitched by 0.5 Hz field stimulation.Isoproterenol (ISO) 100 nmol°L^-1 was used for stimulate the β-adrenoceptor. The effects of CPU 228 1 μmol°L^-1 on [Ca²⁺]_i, the intracellular Ca²⁺ load level, Ca²⁺ transient duration and decay ratio was observed.RESULTS: ISO 100 nmol°L^-1 significantly increased the [Ca²⁺]_i, intracellular Ca²⁺ load level, and the post-peak decay ratio of cytosolic Ca²⁺, but it reduced the Ca²⁺ peak duration of Ca²⁺ transients in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. CPU 228 1 μmol°L^-1 did not affect the [Ca²⁺]_i in isolated rat ventricular myocytes, but it significantly restored the ISO-induced changes of [Ca²⁺]_i and Ca²⁺ transients to control level in concentration-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: CPU 228 can inhibit the increase of [Ca²⁺]_i, and restore the changed Ca²⁺ transients to control level during β-adrenergic stimulation. These effects of CPU 228 maybe due to its blockade of β-adrenoceptor or relate to its signal pathway and inhibition of the hyperphosphorylation effects.

Effects of novel K_ATPCO iptakalim on airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in guinea-pigs with asthma

XIE Wei-ping, DING Jian-hua, WANG Hong, Xu Qi, WANG Hai, HU Gang

2005, 10(2):  128-132. 

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AIM: To investigate the antiasthmatic effects of novel K_ATP CO iptakalim on airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in guinea-pigs with asthma. METHODS: Thirty guinea-pigs were randomly assigned to five groups:control group, asthma group, iptakalim 0.75 group (asthmatic guinea-pigs treated with iptakalim 0.75 mg°kg^-1°d^-1, ig), iptakalim 1.5 group (asthmatic guinea-pigs treated with iptakalim 1.5 mg°kg^-1°d^-1, ig), and dexamethasone (Dex)group.The reactivity of tracheal stripe in various concentrations of histamine was measured.The airway internal perimeter, wall area and bronchial smooth muscle thickness were measured by image analysis system in all groups.RESULTS: The sensitivity of tracheal stripe to histamine was significantly higher in asthma group than that in the control group.Both doses of iptakalim could markedly reduce responsiveness of tracheal stripe to the histamine.The airway wall thickness (WA/PI) in asthmatic group (29.8±4.5 μm²°μm^-1)was significantly higher than that in the control group (13.2±5.7 μm²°μm^-1, P<0.01).The bronchial smooth muscle thickness in asthmatic group (11.7±4.7 μm²°μm^-1)was significantly higher than that in the control group (4.4±2.1 μm2·μm-1, P<0.05).The airway wall thickness (WA/PI)and bronchial smooth muscle thickness in the two iptakalim groups were increased slightly compared with these in the control group, but there were no significantly differences between them in statistic (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: iptakalim can reduce the airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in guinea-pigs with asthma.

Effects of MDR1 gene C3435T polymorphism on pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A in myasthenia gravis patients

ZHANG Ya-tong, YANG Li-ping, SHAO Hong, Li Ke-xin, SUN Chun-hua, SHI Lu-wen

2005, 10(2):  133-136. 

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AIM: To determine the effects of MDR1 C3435T on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A in myasthenia gravis patients.METHODS: The genotype on MDR1 C3435T in 96 myasthenia gravis patients was detected using real-time PCR method and 73 patients of them were studied further to determine the relationship of MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and trough blood concentrations of cyclosporine A.RESULTS: There were no difference between normal people and myasthenia gravis patients inMDR1 C3435T distribution.The average concentrations in patient of MDR1 3435CC was higher than that in patients of MDR1 3435CT and 3435TT.CONCLUSION: The pharmacogenomics is important to rationalize the medication of cyclosporine A.

Effect of γ-interferon on expression of collagen I, III of hepatic fibrosis in rats

LI Ping, HU Guo-ling, TAN De-ming, LIU Guo-zhen, WANG Ling

2005, 10(2):  137-140. 

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AIM: To further explor and study the mechanism of γ-interferon in treating hepatic fibrosis on the basis of clinical practice of treatment for hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: 17 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups.The rat fibrosis model was induced by pig serum except for normal control group.The other two groups were both given intraperitoneal injection of pig serum respectively (0.5 ml once, 2 times per week, total 12 weeks).In γ-interferon treated group, the rats were subcutaneous injected γ-interferon one hundred thousand IU every day at the ninth week.The model group and normal control group were fed with the same amount of saline by gavage.The rats were killed at the end of the twelfth weeks, the pathology of liver fibrosis was observed with HE stain and Masson stain.Collagen I mRNA and collagen III mRNA were detected in liver samples with RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of collagen I, III protein.RESULTS: Upon pathological examination, the γ-interferon treatment had significantly reversed pig serum-induced liver fibrosis.In γ-interferon treatment group, the γ-interferon could enhance the degradation of collagen in the rat fibrotic liver according to HE and Masson staining compared with the fibrotic model group(P<0.05).Moreover, in γ-interferon treatment group, the expression of collagen I, III and its protein in liver were markedly reduced, respectively according to RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry as compared with model group.CONCLUSION: The rat hepatic fibrosis induced by pig serum can be obviously reversed by γ-interferon.The mechanism of treating hepatic fibrosis with γ-interferon appears to be due to the enhancement of the degradation of collagen in liver, at last resulted in hepatic fibrosis been reversed eventually.

Effects of antioxidant ebselen (PZ51) on eNOS protein expression of coronary artery in SHRsp

SUI Hui, WANG Wen, WANG Pei-he, LI Yue

2005, 10(2):  141-144. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of new antioxidant, seleno-Glutathione peroxidase PZ51 on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression of coronary artery in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive rat (SHRsp) during the chronic process of hypertension.METHODS: 22 SHRsp of 8-week-old which were randomly divided into PZ51 group and control group were administered by gavage for six weeks.Heart weight ratio, heart structure, the level of nitric oxide (NO) of myocardium and eNOS protein of coronary artery was examined. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, PZ51 significantly increased NO of myocardium homogenate (1.18±0.25 vs 0.72±0.18 μmol°mg^-1 prot, P<0.05) and eNOS protein expression (7.45±2.10 vs 2.77±2.07, P<0.05) of coronary artery.CONCLUSION: After 6 weeks administration of PZ51, the eNOS protein expression of coronary artery and NO level of myocardium in SHRsp significantly increased.

Effects of losartan on expression of TGF-β₁ in nephric tubule of spontaneous hypertensive rats

LIU Shu-hua, ZHANG Li-jun, LIU Chang-hui, WANG Shao-hua

2005, 10(2):  145-149. 

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AIM: To study the expression of transforming growth factor-β₁ (TGF-β₁) in the nephric tubule of spontaneous hypertensive rats and the relation of the TGF-β₁ and the renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and to investigate the effect of losartan on this expression and the protection effects of it on the kidney.METHODS: Same age male WKYs and SHRs were involved in this experiment.SHRs were divided into positive control (SHR-C) group and losartan treatment (SHR-L) group.The artenia pressure, renal function and β₂-MG of mice was monitored before and after experiment and the expression of TGF-β₁ in nephric tubule were measured by immuonohistochemitry assay.RESULTS: Compared with the WKY group, the contents of β₂-MG markedly increased in SHRC group (P<0.05) and decreased in SHR-L group (P<0.01), but the contrast of BUN and Scr not significance changed in both two groups (P>0.01).No or a few expression of TGF-β₁ occurred in WKY group.The expression of TGF-β₁ significantly increased in the positive control group with the progression of the hypertensive course, and meantime, the expression of TGF-β₁ significantly decreased in the losartan treatment group and the blood pressure also decreased.CONCLUSION: As the expression of TGF-β₁ intensively increased in hypertensive course, TGF-β₁ may be the important factor leaded to the renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Losartan has the effects on lowering blood pressure, reducing albuminuria, protecting renal function and delaying the renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

Study of Klebsiella pneumoniae on integron gene of ESBLs and AmpCproducing strains

LU Si-jing, LIU You-ning, GUAN Xi-zhou, WANG rui

2005, 10(2):  150-153. 

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AIM: To observe multidrug resistance character of ESBLs and AmpC-producing isolated form Klebsiella pneumoniae in clinic, to analyze the existence and character of integron and to investigate the express of gene box involve drug resistance phenotypic.METHODS: MIC of the 4 strains was examined by micro-dilution method.Integron gene was determined by PCR assay with integron specific primer, and DNA sequencing was used for analyzing resistance related gene cassette.RESULTS: The 4 strains were multidrug resistance.The integron was detected in one strain of them, which carried aadA2 and dhfrXII gene.CONCLUSION: Though there is not the genes box of producing ESBLs and AmpC, integron involves in the form of multidrug resistance.

Efficacy and safety of liduofen in treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of knee joint

SUN An-xiu, WANG Zong-gui

2005, 10(2):  154-157. 

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AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of liduofen in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint.METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled, multi-centre study was adapted to compare the efficacy and safety between liduofen and Olfen-75 in 136 patients.Patients were randomly assigned into two groups:liduofen group which was received 75 mg (diclofenac) Liduofen injection (n=69) once a day for seven days and Olfen group which was received 75 mg (diclofenac) Olfen-75 injection (n=67) once a day for seven days.RESULTS: After the treatment, similar improvements for rest pain, pain on exercise, swelling of joint, pressing pain of joint, knee joint bend extend function measured using a 10 cm visual analogue scale was performed in two groups.In Olfen-75 group, the rate of efficacy was 62.69% in the 3rd day, 95.76% in the 5th day and 97.88% in the 7th day. While in liduofen group, the rate of efficacy was 57.97% in the 3rd day, 93.87% in the 5th day and 96.94% in the 7th day.In liduofen and Olfen-75 groups, the progressive rates were 56.72% and 55.07%, respectively. The total improvement rates were 89.85% and 92.54% respectively (P>0.05), and the rates of side effects were 0% and 1.49%, respectively (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Liduofen is an effective and safty drug inthe treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint. There is no significant difference on efficacy and safety between the two groups using liduofen and Olfen-75.

Study on methodology of ACh receptor's expression in Xenopus oocytes by messager RNA isolated from rat muscle

LI Chuan-xiang, YAO Shang-long, NIE Hui, ZHANG Yu-qing, LU Bing

2005, 10(2):  158-161. 

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AIM: To establish an appropriate model for the study of the effects of muscle relaxant drug on the acetylcholine receptor and lay a methodological foundation for the study of the pharmacology and toxicology of muscle relaxant drugs on the level of cells and protein.METHODS: Poly (A)+mRNA isolated from the rat muscle by Promega's new magnesphere technique were microinjected into defolliculation's Xenopus oocytes to express functional ion channels.Voltage clamp technique was used for record the current of the three group's voltage-dependent ion channels.The three-group properties of current were analyzed.RESULTS: There was no statistically difference among three groups in mean resting potential and compensative current during holding at-60 mV.The inner receptor interference could be obliterated by oocyte defolliculation and the typical current of N₂-Ach receptor could be recorded.CONCLUSION: The model set up by the test may lay a methodological foundation for the study of the pharmacology and toxicology of muscle relaxant drugs on the level of cell and protein.

Effects and mechanisms of compound G004 on experimental thrombosis

ZHANG Wen-ping, WU Guan-zhong, LIU Guo-qing

2005, 10(2):  162-167. 

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AIM: To study the effects and mechanisms of a novel sulfonylureous compound 1-{4-[2-(4-bromobenzenesulfonaminoethyl) phenylsufonyl}-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl) urea, G004, on antithrombosis. METHODS: The influence of compound G004 on the vasoconstrictor action, platelet aggregation and thrombosis formation was studied.The effects of compound G004 on the tail vein bleeding time in mice was examined.The influence of compound G004 on the release of prostanglandin I2 and thromboxan A2 from ECV304 cells was investigated.The measurement of cytosolic free Ca²⁺ in attached ECV304 cells loaded with Fluo3/AM was carried out. RESULTS: Compound G004 did not inhibit the contraction of rat aorta rings induced by norepinephrine or potassium chloride, but potently inhibit human platelet aggregation challenged by arachidonic acid and adenosine diphosphate.Compound G004 significantly prolonged the tail vein bleeding time in mice and occlusion time of carotid artery in experimentally thrombotic rats.Compound G004 reduced mice mortality induced by the collagen plus epinephrine in a dose-dependent manner.Compound G004 enhanced PGI₂ release and reduced TXA₂ secretion from ECV304 cells.G004 had no effect on the increase of cytosolic free Ca²⁺ induced by patassium chloride.CONCLUSION: The compound G004 has a remarkable antithrombotic effect in vivo.Its active mechanism may be attributed to inhibition of platelet aggregation, enhancing PGI₂ generation and decreasing TXA₂ secretion from human umbilical vein endothelium.

Safety and efficacy of early oral oxycodone/acetaminophen and tramadol in Chinese gynecology patients undergoing laparoscopy operation

ZHANG Zhi-yong, JIA Nai-guang, HUANG Wen-qi, HUANG Yu-guang, LIU Wei, GAO Xue-song, YANG Yang, Zhang Ya-jun, LIU Chun-xia, Cao Lei, LIN Shi-qing

2005, 10(2):  168-171. 

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AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral oxycodone/acetaminophen or tramadol in early postoperative patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological operations.METHODS: 120 gynecologic patients receiving laparoscopy operation were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical trial with early oral analgesics if the vasual analgesia scores (VAS)was scored higher than 3.0.All patients were randomly received a single dose of oral analgesic: oxycodone/acetaminophen, tramadol or placebo, respectively.For rescue medication, PCA pump was provided in all three groups with a dose of 1mg morphine and lockout of 5 minutes.The VAS scores, pain relief, PCA morphine consumption and side effects were evaluated at the following occasions of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h throughout the study.RESULTS: The VAS scores and pain relief were significantly different in three groups at 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h.The VAS scores and PCA morphine consumption was significantly lower in oxycodone/acetaminophen and tramadol groups than those in placebo group.Pain relief in oxycodone/acetaminophen and tramadol groups was better than those in placebo group.The incidence of side effects such as nausea and vomiting significantly increased in tramadol group at 24 h compared with those in the other two groups. CONCLUSION: Early oral administration of oxycodone/acetaminophen or tramadol can provide surgical patients with good and safe postoperative analgesia after laparoscopy gynecologic operation.The incidence of side effects in oxycodone/acetaminophen group is lower than that in tramadol group in this clinical trial.

Effects of tetrahydrobiopterin on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

ZHANG Yan-qing, ZHANG Ying, WANG Shun-rong, LI Zhu-hua

2005, 10(2):  172-175. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH₄) on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.METHODS: The ischemia-reperfusion model was induced and 20 mg°kg^-1 BH₄ was orally administrated 1 h before the operation.NO, NOS activity, MPO activity and MDA and renal function were measured in order to assess the efficacy of BH₄. RESULTS: BH₄ ameliorated cNOS during the early period of reperfusion and increased the NO level in renal tissue which diminish inflammation responses and decrease the induction of iNOS.CONCLUSION: BH₄ can attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and it may be related to ameliorating cNOS during the early period of reperfusion.

Mitochondrial mechanisms of apoptosis induced by artesunate in human leukemia HL60 cells

NIE Lei, YIN Yi-long, YIN Shao-fu

2005, 10(2):  176-179. 

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AIM: To explore mitochondrial mechanisms of apoptosis induced by artesunate in human leukemia HL60 cells.METHODS: Human leukemia HL60 cell lines were treated by artesunate.The inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay.Electron microscopy and DNA gel electrophoresis was applied to demonstrate the presence of apoptosis.The level of MMP, cell-cycle were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). The activity of caspase 3 was observed by colorimetry. RESULTS: Art showed a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner on the growth of HL60 cells (P<0.05).The typical apoptotic morphological and biochemical changes showed in apoptosis of HL60 cells induced by Art.The flow cytometric profiles revealed that Art (200 mg°L^-1) led to the shift from 7.3%up to 18.2% of the G²⁺ M phase and from 55.3% down to 16.0% of the S phase cells in the percentage of HL60 cell with the increased rate of cell apoptosis(P<0.05).Art significantly decreased the level of MMP inHL60 (P<0.05), and enhanced the activity of caspase 3 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Art can induce apoptosis in HL60 via a mitochondria/caspase3-specific pathway.

Protective effect of angiotensin-(1-7) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells injury induced by angiotensin II in culture

ZOU Jun, WANG Hong, FENG Dan

2005, 10(2):  180-183. 

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AIM: To investigate the protective effects of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in culture.METHODS: Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were randomly divided into 4 groups:control, Ang II, Ang-(1-7), and AngII+Ang-(1-7).Spectrophotometer and flow cytometry were used to evaluate lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage content and apoptosis percentage, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) contents were measured by colorimetry and radioimmunoassay.RESULTS: 0.1 μmol°L^-1 Ang II significantly increased LDH leakage (P<0.01), ET-1 release (P<0.01), and apoptosis percentage (P<0.01).These increases were inhibited by Ang-(1-7) in a dose-dependent manner, while NO release by HUVECs was promoted by Ang-(1-7).Ang-(1-7) alone had no effect on HUVECs. CONCLUSION: Ang-(1-7) has a protective effect on HUVECs via inhibition of Ang II-induced injury and apoptosis, suggesting that Ang-(1-7) may play an important role in prevention and treatment of vascular diseases.

Timed changes of bone histomorphometry parameters in normal rats of different months

LIU Xiao-qing, CUI Liao, WU Tie, WANG Yong-dong

2005, 10(2):  184-186. 

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AIM: To investigate timed changes of bone histomorphometry parameters in normal rats of different months and to provide a control prove for research of drugs of antiosteoporosis.METHODS: Thirty-two female rats at aged 4.5 months were divided by their weight (256.3±25.3 g).Tetracycline derivates and calcein were subcutaneous injected to each rat on two separate occasions where labeled the sites of bone formation.All rats were sacrificed at 0, 30, 75 and 140 days.The undecalcified longitudinal proximal tibial metaphyseal sections were cut and stained for quantitative bone histomorphometriy.RESULTS: The cancellous bone mass increased slowly and then decreased, but there were no significant differences between 4.5 and 10 months.Bone mass kept relatively stable.Both bone for mation and bone resorption increased first and then decreased, but there was a significant difference between 4.5 and 10 months, and bone turnover kept stable.CONCLUSION: The body weight and the bone mass parameters keep relatively stable in SD rats during the 4.5 to 10 months, and these rats can be selected as the models for the study of the drugs of antiosteoporosis.

Effects of vinpocetine injection on changes of phospholipid in experimental transient ischemic attack mice

CHEN Chen, DUO Zhen-shun, SHI Jie, XUE Lan-ping, LONG Ya-li, LI Li, TIAN Zhi-qiang

2005, 10(2):  187-190. 

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AIM: To study the effects and mechanisms of vinpocetine injection in treatment of mice with the transient ischemic attack (TIA).METHODS: TIA was induced by injection of peroxide in mice.Different doses of vinpocetine injection were injected every day. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and phosphatidic acid (PA) were assayed.RESULTS: The stroke score of mice inject with vinpocetine injection (0.7 mg°kg^-1°d^-1) was 3.576±0.569, while the score of the control group was 7.090±0.696(P<0.05).Plasma LPA of mice with TIA were increased compared with the control group.These were 6.305±0.190 and 2.170±0.123 μmol°L^-1, respectively.After administration of vinpocetine injection, it decreased to 4.523±0.406 μmol°L^-1.Plasma PA of mice with TIA were increased compared with the control group.These were 9.100±0.185 and 3.801±0.257 U, respectively.After administration of vipocetine injection, it decreased to 6.972±0.247 U.CONCLUSION: The plasma LPA and PA lever changes with experimental TIA in mice.Vipocetine injection can take the beneficial effect on them.

Effects of emodin on differentiation of bone marrow stroma cell into osteoblast in rats in vitro

LIU Yu-yu, YAO Wei-min, AI Chun-mei, XU Bi-lian, ZOU Li-yi, CUI Liao, WU Tie

2005, 10(2):  191-195. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of emodin on the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblast in rats in vitro.METHODS: The MSCs were isolated from onemonth old SD rats by density-gradient centrifugation and the ALP activity and osteocalcin content were examined by PNPP and radioimmunoassay.RESULTS: Through density-gradient centrifugation isolation and subculture attachment selection, the cultured MSCs became much purified.Emodin induced the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblast by increasing ALP activity.No significant effects of emodin on osteocalcin content of MSCs were observed at concentration from 2.5×10^-7 to 10^-5 mol°L^-1. CONCLUSION: Emodin can partly induce the osteogenic differentiation.

Effects of novel recombinant human tumor necrosis factor α(nrhTNFα) on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride or Concanavalin A

SHI Chuan-qun, WU Yong-jie, GAO Ming-tang, LI Wen-guang, ZANG Kai-hong, LI Zhi-qin

2005, 10(2):  196-200. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of different doses of nrhTNFαon liver function and liver histological morphology and explore its mechanism.METHODS: Liver injury was induced by CCl4 or Concanavalin A (Con A)in mice.nrhTNFα(IU°kg^-1)was injected intramuscularly at low(5×10⁴), median(5×10⁵), and high doses (5×10⁶).Changes of serum ALT, AST, LDH, IFN-γ, IL-2 and NO levels were detected.Liver histological changes were examined accordingly.RESULTS: The nrhTNFαhad no effect on the liver function and liver histological morphology in intact mice at above three doses groups.The nrhTNFαalso had no effect on the liver function and liver histological morphology in the CCl4-treated mice at the low and median doses groups, but liver damage was exacerbated at the high dose group in this model. The increased concentrations of serum ALT, AST, LDH and IFN-γlevels in the Con A-treated mice were diminished with three doses groups, especially at the low dose group.A significant improvement was observed in pathohistology examination in this model at above three doses groups.CONCLUSION: The nrhTNFαim has no hepatic toxicity in intact mice at above three doses groups.The low and median doses of nrhTNFαim have no impact on the liver injury in the CCl4-treatedmice.The high dose of nrhTNFαim exacerbates the liver injury in this model. The nrhTNFαinhibits the liver injury in the Con A-treated mice.Its mechanisms may be related to the inhibition of the production of IFN-γin this model.

Changes of bone in female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4.5 and 7.5 months

FENG You-hui, XU Bi-lian, HE Kang, ZOU Li-yi, LIU Yu-yu

2005, 10(2):  201-203. 

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AIM: To observe the changes of bone in female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4.5 and 7.5 months. METHODS: Forty 4-month-old virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4.5 month group and 7.5 month group.Bone histomorphometric analysis of the proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM), tibial shaft (Tx) and the fifth lumbar vertebral body (LV5) was performed in undecalcified sections.RESULTS: There was no significant change in bone volume of PTM, LV5 and Tx between 4.5 and 7.5 months of age.However, the bone formation parameters (%L.Pm, MAR, BFR/TV, BFR/BV, BFR/BS) of LV5 and Tx fall rapidly between 4.5 and 7.5 months of age.CONCLUSION: There is no significant change in cancellous and cortical bone mass, but the bone formation of LV5 and Tx decreases in female Sprague-Dawley rats aged from 4.5 to 7.5 months.

Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of amlodipine in treatment of mild to moderate hypertension

ZHU Jin-xiu, LI Jian-chun, ZHENG Qing-shan

2005, 10(2):  204-210. 

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AIM: To explore the efficacy and safety between amlodipine in treatment of mild to moderate hypertension.METHODS: The efficacy and safety of amlodipine or other drugs in treatment of mild to moderate hypertension were analyzed by Mata-analysis in homogeneity test and combined test in 25 investigations.RESULTS: Homogeneity test showed that the cited studies of efficacy and safety were homogeous with χ²_e=29.13, χ²_s=27.95, P>0.05, respectively;and in combined test, the combined OR_e=1.261, OR_s=1.013 and its 95% confidence interval were in 1.018-1.562 and 0.801-1.282, respectively.CONCLUSION: The efficacy of amlodipine is significantly superior to those of the medications used at present in treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, and its safety is reliable.

Effects of melatonin on gastric lesions and mucosal nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in rats with stress ulcer

WU Jian-sheng, WU Jin-ming, WANG Dan, HUANG Qing-ke, CHEG Xiang-rong, HUANG Zhi-min, LIN Xiang-fei, CHEN Min-xin, HAN Qing-xi

2005, 10(2):  211-214. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of melatonin on gastric lesions and mucosal nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in rats with stress ulcer for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of melatonin intervention in vivo. METHODS: Stress ulcer was induced by water-immersion restraint (WIR) stress for 6 h.Melatonin (5 and 20 mg°kg^-1, ip) was administrated 30 min before WIR stress.After 6 h of WIR, rats were killed and the stomachs were removed.Ulcer index (UI) was used for evaluated macroscopic injury and gastric mucosal MDA contents and NF-κB activation were determined.RESULTS: Severe gastric lesions were induced after WIR stress for 6 h. There was a significantly increased in MDA contents (P<0.01) and NF-κB activation (P<0.01) in gastric mucosal in stress group.The gastric lesions in MT 5 mg°kg^-1 group and 20 mg°kg^-1 group were significantly relieved than that in the stress group after 30 min administration of melatonin (P<0.01).The UI (P<0.05) and mucosal MDA contents (P<0.01) in MT 20 mg°kg^-1 group were significantly lower than that in MT 5 mg°kg^-1 group.But there was no significantly difference in mucosal NF-κB activity between two groups.CONCLUSION: Melatonin can prevent the development of stress ulcer via a mechanism involving in reducing oxidative stress-induced NF-κB activation in gastric mucosa.

Evaluation of clinical efficacy of combination of active immunotherapy and allylestrenol in treatment of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion

XU Lan, ZHEN Yan-luan, ZHANG Xin-neng

2005, 10(2):  215-218. 

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AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of combination of active immunotherapy and allylestrenol in treatment of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) and to investigate a best therapeutic method in treatment of patients with URSA.METHODS: 435 patients with primary URSA were randomly assigned to three groups:185 in combination medication group which was treated with active immunotherapy and allylestrenol, 152 in active immunotherapy group which was only treated with active immunotherapy, 98 in allylestrenol group which was only treated with allylestrenol. 96 secondary URSA in secondary URSA group were treated with active immunotherapy and allylestrenol.RESULTS: The successful pregnant rates of combination medication group, active immunotherapy group, allylestrenol group and secondary group were 92.05%, 71.43%, 31.51%and 86.76%, respectively.The successful pregnant rate in combination group were higher than that in the active immunotherapy group and the allylestrenol group (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between combination group and the secondary URSA group (P> 0.05).CONCLUSION: Combination of active immunotherapy and allylestrenol is better than other therapy method in treatment of patients with URSA, which is worth further widespread application in clinical practice.

Effects of irbesartan on left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac function in patients with essential hypertension

LIN Ze-peng, ZHANG Zhu-wei, ZHAO You-sheng, QIN Qian, FANG Wei-hua

2005, 10(2):  219-221. 

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AIM: To explore the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ antagonist irbesartan on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and cardiac function in patients with essential hypertension.METHODS: 120 patients with essential hypertension and LVH were randomized divided into two groups (n=60 in each):the irbesartan (150-300 mg°d^-1) group and atenolol (25-50 mg°d^-1) group, all the patients were treated for 8 months.The echocardiography and radionuclide ventriculography were examined before and after 8 months of treatment with irbesartan or atenolol.RESULTS: Data were analyzed and showed as followed:(1) After 8 months of treatment with irbesartan or atenolol, blood pressure was decreased from 159 101 to 142/89 mmHg (P<0.01) or from 161 103 to 145/90 mmHg (P<0.01), respectively.(2) Left ventricular mass index decreased from 165 to 128 g°m^-2 (P<0.01) or from 163 to 139 g°m^-2 (P<0.05), respectively.(3) LVPFR increased from 1.87 to 2.59 (P<0.05) in irbesartan group but no change was found in the atenolol group.CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with irbesartan can result in a significant reduction of LVH and a significant amelioration of left ventricular diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension.

Influence of Astragalus membranceus and mung bean on arsenolite-induced rats

LI Dong-ming, YI Zhen-nan, LIANG Biao

2005, 10(2):  222-225. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of oral administration of Astragalus membranceus, mung bean and arsenolite on the toxic of the arsenolite-induced rats and the possible mechanisms with metallothionein (MT). METHODS: All the rats were oral administration with arsenolite.The Astragalus membranceus and mung bean were compared with the cadmium chloride which induced MT synthesis.The contents of MT were determined by cadmium saturation method, the liver mRNA levels for MT1, MT2 were detected by RT-PCR.The protective effects of renal and liver were observed by testing alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCR).RESULTS: The contents of MT were accorded with the mRNA expression of MT1, MT2.Arsenolite, Astragalus membranceus and mung bean could induce the synthesis of MT, but the contents of MT which arsenolite induced were trace.The contents of MT significantly increased after oral administration of Astragalus membranceus and mung bean, especially in the Astragalus membranceus group (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Astragalus membranccus and mung bean has a significantly inference in the MT and an antagonistic action on arsenolite-induced rats.

Effects of ethanol on replication and expression of HBV in vitro in 2.2.15 cells

WU Jin-ming, WU Jian-sheng, CHEN Min-xin

2005, 10(2):  226-229. 

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AIM: To explore the effects of ethanol on replication and expression of HBV, so as to effectively guide the anti-HBV treatment in clinic.METHODS: 2. 2.15 cells were cultured in vitro.Ethanol of different concentrations was added into the supernatant and 3TC was used as the positive control.And there was no drug added in the negative control group.Effect of ethanol on HBV expression and replication was examined and the expression of antiviral gene MxA was also tested.RESULTS: Ethanol promoted the expression of intracellular HBsAg, HBeAg and intracellular HBcAg.But 3TC revealed no significant effect on all of them.Southern blotting showed that ethanol at 200 mmol°L^-1 enhance the replication of HBV DNA, but 3TC inhibited the replication of HBV DNA at 2 μmol°L^-1.Ethanol at 40 mmol°L^-1 promoted the expression of MxA, while 3TC at 2 μmol°L^-1 also stimulated the expression of MxA. CONCLUSION: Ethanol can induce the overexpression of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAg, and enhance the expression of antiviral gene MxA which may increase the activity of enzymes of synthetic metabolism.Ethanol can promote replication of HBV DNA, but the mechanism is unclear and need to be studied.

Clinical efficacy of trimebutine maleate combined with Morita therapy in treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome

LI Jun, XU Qiao-ling, CHEN Wei-guo

2005, 10(2):  230-233. 

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AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of trimebutine maleate combined with Morita therapy in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).METHODS: 108 patients were randomly assigned to two groups.Trimebutine maleate group (n= 54) was given trimebutine maleate 200 mg, po, tid, combined with Mortia therapy.The patients were analyzed by self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) before and after the treatment.Control group (n=54) was only given trimebutine maleate 200 mg, po, tid.The course was 4 weeks.RESULTS: The total efficacy rates were 87.04% and 72.22% in trimebutine maleate group and in control group, respectively. The therapeutic effects in trimebutine maleate group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05).The scores of SAS and SDS in trimebutine maleate group decreased significantly after the treatment (P<0.01). There were significant difference in recurrence rates between in trimebutine maleate group and in control group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The combination of trimebutine maleate combined with Morita therapy is an effective approach in treating IBS.

How to plan and execute an interim analysis in clinical trial

LI Xian-tao, LIANG Wei-xiong, WANG Qi, WEN Ze-huai

2005, 10(2):  234-237. 

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Investigators routinely perform an interim analyses to evaluate data in a clinical trial before its completion, because the trial begins with uncertainty of safety and efficacy in the proposed treatment.An interim analysis is a logical part of the trial design.This article describes how to plan and execute an interim analysis, and discusses the responsibilities of involved members.

CHISS software and applications in teaching of medical statistics

TONG Xin-yuan, XIA Lei

2005, 10(2):  238-240. 

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The CHISS statistical software which has its own copyright protection in China is applied to the teaching in medical statistical.A questionnaire was carried out among 135 applicants after they had learnt the modern statistical method for 18 teaching hours and practiced on computers with CHISS for 6 teaching hours. Those applicants gave out the evaluations:CHISS has the character of convenient and visual demonstration.It can meet the needs of medical statistical teaching and doing research.