Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence rate and risk factors for asthma in children who were aged from 0~14 years old of Tongan district of Xiamen in 2012-2013, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma. Methods A multistage stratified cluster sampling survey of 10 168 children aged 0~14 years old from the Tongan district of Xiamen was conducted to investigate the prevalence rate of childhood asthma using the Third National Childhood Asthma Epidemiological Questionnaire 2010.A case-control study (1∶1) and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the risk factors for childhood asthma. Results Of the 10 168 children surveyed, 428 were diagnosed with asthma, with a total prevalence rate of 4.21%.The prevalence rate was higher in males than in females (5.88% vs 2.28%, P＜0.01).Of the 428 cases, 74.76% had their first asthma attack before the age of 3, 85.61% suffered from asthma caused by respiratory infection, 95.20% had sneezing as the sign of oncoming attack, 68.25% had mild attacks, 78.50% had sudden attacks, 50.60% suffered from asthma during periods of seasonal change, and 71.45% had attacks at early morning and night.The case-control study ( including the 428 asthma cases and 428 healthy children) and Logistic regression analysis both showed that the independent risk factors for asthma in children include:a personal history of allergy, allergic rhinitis, a family history of allergy, and a family history of asthma. Conclusions The prevalence rate of asthma in children aged 0~14 years old in the Tongan district is higher than that of the prevalence rate in Xiamen 10 years earlier.The prevalence rate of childhood asthma is higher in males than that in females.A personal history of allergy, allergic rhinitis, a family history of allergy and a family history of asthma are the independent risk factors for childhood asthma in this region.

Key words: asthma, prevalence rate, epidemiological survey, child

摘要： 目的 调查2012-2013年厦门市同安区0~14 岁儿童哮喘患病情况及哮喘发病的危险因素, 为今后儿童哮喘的防治工作提供科学依据。方法 通过多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法, 采用2010年第三次全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查问卷, 调查厦门市同安区10 168名0~14岁儿童哮喘患病情况;其次采用1∶1病例对照研究方法和Logistic 回归分析法对哮喘患儿的发病危险因素进行研究。结果 在调查的10 168人中, 哮喘患儿428人, 总患病率为4.21%。男性患病率(5.88%)高于女性(2.28%)(P＜0.001)。哮喘患儿中, 首次发病以3岁内居多占74.76%;发作诱因最常见的为呼吸道感染占85.61%;发作先兆最常见的为打喷嚏占95.20%;经常发作强度以轻度最常见占68.25%;发作类型以突然发作最多占78.50%;好发季节为换季占50.60%;好发时间为夜间和清晨占71.45%。通过对428例哮喘患儿及428例非哮喘儿童的病例对照研究并且经Logistic 回归分析显示, 哮喘发病的独立危险因素包括:个人过敏史、过敏性鼻炎、家族过敏史、家族哮喘史(P＜0.001)。结论 厦门市同安区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率高于10年前厦门市区哮喘发病率。男性哮喘患病率高于女性。个人过敏史、过敏性鼻炎、家族哮喘史及家族过敏史是该地区儿童哮喘发病的独立危险因素。

关键词: 哮喘, 患病率, 流行病学调查, 儿童