Abstract: Objective To realize the prevalence of problems about executive functions in preschoolers and examine the correlation of sleep problems and executive function. Methods Between May 2014 and June 2015,a total of 12 363 preschoolers were selected from 91 kindergartens of Maanshan,China from the birth cohort.The situation of sleep problems and executive functions by Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool (BRIEF-P) were evaluated. Results The elder children were, the higher parents' education level were, they got lower executive functions scores,the differences were statistically significant in preschoolers (P<0.05).Girls' executive function scores were significantly lower than boys' (P<0.05).The better sleep quality,shorter sleep time and fewer sleep problems they had, executive functions score was lower,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the bad sleep quality,the long time to fall asleep and sleep problems were risk factors of the executive function (P<0.05). Conclusions Sleep problems are negatively associated with the executive functions among the preschoolers.Families should pay special attention to create appropriate environment for sleeping.

Key words: sleep, executive functions, preschoolers

摘要： 目的 了解学龄前儿童的执行功能问题的发生状况,分析睡眠问题与儿童执行功能的关系。方法 于2014年5月-2015年6月期间,对就读于马鞍山市91所幼儿园12 363名3～5岁学龄前儿童进行问卷调查(由家长评价儿童睡眠问题),运用执行功能行为评定量表学龄前版(BRIEF-P)评定儿童的执行功能发育状况。结果 学龄前儿童年龄越大,父母亲文化程度越高,执行功能得分越低(功能越好),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。女童的执行功能得分显著低于男童(P＜0.05)。睡眠质量越好,入睡时间越短,睡眠障碍越少,执行功能得分越低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,睡眠质量差(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.51～2.48)、入睡慢(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.52～2.78)、睡眠障碍多(OR=1.54,95%CI:1.35～1.76)是执行功能可疑的危险因素,其关联有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 学龄前儿童睡眠问题对执行功能的发育有负面影响。家长应为儿童创造良好的睡眠环境,促进儿童的健康成长。

关键词: 睡眠, 执行功能, 学龄前儿童