Abstract: Objective To explore the influencing factors of intestinal microbial colonization resistance among infants and young children in Shaanxi province,and to provide scientific basis for enhancing the colonization resistance. Methods A case control study by 1∶1 design was employed in this research,with equivalent number of diarrhea and healthy children stratified by month of age.Structured questionnaires were used to collect the sociodemographic characteristics,feeding patterns and information associated with the prevalence of diarrhea,stool samples of young children were collected as well.The structure and diversity of microbial communities in feces were detected by Illumina sequencing. Results Sociodemographic characteristics such as residential type (Z=4.57,P＜0.001),delivery mode (Z=2.75,P=0.01),mother's level of education (Z=1.72,P=0.04),diarrhea (F=2.357,P=0.076) and supplementary pattern (F=5.976,P=0.001),were significantly associated with intestinal microbial colonization resistance of infants.Diversity of intestinal microbiota was positively correlated with colonization resistance. Conclusions Improving mother's education,advocating natural birth,and popularizing scientific and rational feeding pattern could enhance the intestinal microbial colonization resistance in infants and young children.

Key words: intestinal microbiota, colonization resistance, young children

摘要： 目的 研究陕西省婴幼儿冬春季肠道菌群定植抗力的影响因素,为改善婴幼儿肠道菌群定植抗力提供科学依据。方法 采用1∶1病例对照研究设计,按照年龄分层,抽取数量相当的腹泻患儿和健康婴幼儿,采集粪便样本同时收集婴幼儿的社会人口学信息、喂养及腹泻患病相关信息。采用二代测序的技术检测样本粪便中微生物群落的组成结构和多样性。结果 城市户口(Z=4.57,P＜0.001),顺产(Z=2.75,P=0.01),母亲文化程度更高(Z=1.72,P=0.04)及母亲工作类型属于脑力劳动型(Z=2.74,P=0.01)婴幼儿的粪便微生物定植抗力更强。腹泻组婴幼儿的B/E值为0.13±0.27,肠道菌群定植抗力要强于正常对照组婴幼儿(F=5.419,P=0.022);肠道菌群的定植抗力随着月龄的增加而显著增强(F=2.357,P=0.076);辅食模式为“添加肉类辅食不添加维生素和矿物质”组的B/E值为0.374±0.532,定植抗力较强(F=5.976,P=0.001)。胃肠道微生物菌群的多样性与消化道定植抗力的增加呈正相关。结论 提高母亲文化程度,提倡正常顺产,普及科学合理的婴幼儿喂养模式可以改善婴幼儿肠道菌群定植抗力。

关键词: 肠道菌群, 定植抗力, 婴幼儿