Abstract: Objective To investigate the difference in physical development,anemia and diet of infants and young children at different altitudes in Rikaze,and to explore the effect of altitude on their nutritional status. Methods The study coverd infants and young children who participated in health check-up in 9 countries in Rikaze.Physical development indexes and hemoglobin were collected.A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate their diet. Results The sample consisted of 285 infants and young children.Infants and young children at 4 000 m below had no underweight,but there was a certain proportion of growth retardation;the incidences of underweight and growth retardation in infants and young children at 4 000 m above were significantly higher (χ²=32.323,P<0.001).The incidence of anemia was high,and increased with altitude (χ²=19.369,P<0.001).The breast-feeding rate was 66.7% in Rikaze,however,44.6% of infants and young children added complementary foods before 4 months old. Conclusions The malnutrition of infants and young children at high altitude is more serious.The incidence of anemia in infants and young children in Rikaze is high,and increases with altitude.The breast-feeding rate is high in Rikaze,but the complementary foods is too early.

Key words: altitude, physical development, anemiac, diet, infants and young children

摘要： 目的 掌握日喀则地区不同海拔下婴幼儿体格发育、贫血及膳食差异,了解海拔高度对婴幼儿营养状况的影响。方法 纳入日喀则地区下属9个乡参加健康体检的婴幼儿,测量体格发育指标、血红蛋白,利用问卷调查其膳食喂养。结果 共纳入285名婴幼儿。居住地海拔4 000 m以下的婴幼儿并无体重低下情况,但存在一定比例的生长迟缓;4 000 m以上婴幼儿体重低下及生长迟缓的发生率显著增高(χ²=32.323,P<0.001)。当地贫血发生率较高,且随海拔上升增高(χ²=19.369,P<0.001)。当地母乳喂养率达66.7%,但44.6%辅食添加早于4月龄。结论 高海拔地区婴幼儿营养不良更为显著;日喀则地区婴幼儿贫血发生率高,且随海拔高度上升增高;日喀则地区母乳喂养普及率较高,但普遍辅食添加过早。

关键词: 海拔, 体格发育, 贫血, 膳食, 婴幼儿