Abstract: Objective To explore the characteristics of attention and social development of boys with autism spectrum disordes(ASD),and to analyze the correlation between them. Methods Totally 37 boys with ASD were recruited from psychiatrist department for children and adolescents of Shanghai Mental Health Center from July 2015 to July 2016. All participants were assessed by Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC),Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Parents' Version (SDQ),and the social development and play part of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Results In ASD group,the sensory,relating,body and object use,language and social/self help subscale scores of ABC were positively correlated with SDQ emotional problems,hyperactivity/inattention,peer problems and total difficulties score (P<0.01). The scores of range of facial expression used to communicate,imitative social play,interest in children,offering comfort,quality of social overture and inappropriate facial expressions were negatively correlated with prosocial behavior subscale of SDQ (P<0.01). Conclusions ASD boys have significant defect in social and play abilities such as direct gaze,social smiling,group play with peers,showing and directing attention,seeking to share enjoyment with others. Early detection is helpful for screening and intervention.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, attention, social development

摘要： 目的 了解孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)男童注意能力特征,探索注意能力与社交发展的关系。方法 收集2015年7月—2016年7月在上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心儿少门诊就诊的ASD男童37例,采用孤独症行为量表(ABC)对男童症状进行评定,采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ)由父母对男童进行评定,运用孤独症诊断访谈量表修订版(ADI-R)中的社交发展和游戏部分,对ASD男童的自发性共同注意和社会特征进行评定。结果 ASD男童ABC量表的感觉能力、交往能力、运动能力、语言能力、自我照顾能力和症状严重度与SDQ量表的情绪问题、注意不能、同伴交往和总困难程度呈正相关(P<0.01);ADI-R社交发展和游戏部分的表情丰富程度、与同伴一起的想象性游戏、对其他儿童的兴趣、安慰他人、社会性主动提议和不恰当的面部表情得分和SDQ社会化行为因子分呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论 ASD男童在目光对视、社交性微笑、与同伴一起想像性游戏、引导别人注意等自发性共同注意能力存在缺陷,早期发现有助于ASD儿童的早期筛查、早期干预。

关键词: 注意能力, 社交发展, 孤独症谱系障碍