Abstract: Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts beneficial to host. Meanwhile, probiotics involve in biological balance, biological barrier, biological oxygen capture, exemption, and play an important role in the exchange of nutrition, material, energy and information. Children, especially infants, experience the key period for the establishment of normal flora. The establishment of beneficial microbes can help resist the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, establish good nutritional environment, improve immunity, prevent and treat the diseases. This article reviews the role and mechanism of probiotics on the growth and development of children, in order to provide new ideas and reference for the clinical application of probiotics in pediatrics.

Key words: probiotics, intestinal flora, immunity, micro-nutrient, obesity, children

摘要： 益生菌是一类对宿主有益的活性微生物,具有生物平衡、生物屏障、生物夺氧、免疫赋活、营养及物质、能量和信息之间的交流等功能。儿童特别是婴幼儿期是正常菌群建立的关键时期,良好的菌群建立可抵御病原微生物入侵,建立良好的营养环境,提升免疫,预防和治疗疾病。本文主要从益生菌在儿童生长发育中的作用及机制进行综述,以期对益生菌在儿科的临床应用提供新的思路及依据。

关键词: 益生菌, 肠道菌群, 免疫, 微营养素, 肥胖, 儿童