Abstract: Objective To explore general characteristic of behavioral problems among preschool children in Shunyi district,and to understand the effect of family environment factors and temperaments on childhood behavior problems . Method Totally 1 301 preschool children were selected from 4 kindergartens through a clustered-random sampling in Shunyi district from April to June 2017.Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL),Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version(FES-CV) and 3 to 7-year-old children temperament questionnaires(BSQ)were filled out by parents. Results The prevalence rate of behavioral problems in preschool children was 14.8% (192/1 301).Boys had higher score than girls on aggressive and disciplinary problems.The contradictory dimensions of preschool children were positively correlated with somatic factor(r=0.130,P<0.05).Attacking factor was negatively correlated with rhythm,avoidance and attentional dispersion in boys(r=-0.133,-0.119,-0.115,all P<0.05).And there were negative correlation between depression factor and activity level and insistence in girls(r=-0.125,-0.151). Conclusions The occurrence of behavioral problems in preschool children is related to family environment and temperament dimensions.So the development of comprehensive prevention measures should take into account the influence of family environment and temperament factors.

Key words: preschool children, temperament, behavioral problems, family environment

摘要： 目的 了解北京市顺义区学龄前儿童行为问题流行现状,初探家庭环境因素及气质对儿童行为问题的影响。方法 采用整群随机分层抽样方法,于2017年4—6月对顺义区4所幼儿园1 301名学龄前儿童进行家长问卷调查,问卷包括儿童气质问卷(BSQ)、Achenbach量表(CBCL)、家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)。结果 学龄前儿童行为问题检出率为14.8%(192/1 301)。男童攻击问题和违纪问题高于女童。家庭矛盾性与躯体诉述因子呈正相关(r=0.130,P<0.05)。男童攻击因子与节律性、趋避性、注意分散度呈负相关(r=－0.133,－0.119,－0.115,P均<0.05),女童抑郁因子与活动水平、坚持性呈负相关(r=－0.125、-0.151,P均<0.05)。结论 学龄前儿童行为问题的发生与家庭环境和气质相关,制定综合防治措施应考虑家庭环境和气质因素的影响。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 气质, 行为问题, 家庭环境