Table of Content

10 October 2018, Volume 26 Issue 10

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Assessment and management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents

YANG Bin-rang

2018, 26(10):  1045-1047.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-01

Asbtract ( )   PDF (611KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that may persist throughout life. The diagnostic assessment should be initiated for children and adolescents suspected of suffering from ADHD. And clinical diagnosis of ADHD should be based on the comprehensive evaluation. A comprehensive treatment plan should be developed to manage ADHD with chronic care model. Parental training/behavior intervention and medication are the most effective treatments supported by evidence. The major factors that influence the treatment options include age of the patient,severity of the disorder and comorbidities. Behavioral intervention is the preferred treatment for preschoolers, while medicaiton combined with or without behavioral therapy is preferred for school-aged children and adolescents.

Correlation study on the symptoms of preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and
their parents ′ mental health status

LI Wei, ZHANG Jin-song, SHUAI Lan, PAN Jing-xue, ZHANG Hui-feng, XIA Wei-ping, WANG Zhou-ye

2018, 26(10):  1048-1051.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-02

Asbtract ( )   PDF (547KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the core symptoms of preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their parents′ mental health status, and to analyze the correlation . Method A total of 119 ADHD preschool children diagnosed by DSM-V and 115 normal preschool children were selected as participants from May 2015 to January 2017.All children were 4 years old to 5 years and 11 months old.The parents in two groups filled out General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized anxiety Scale (GAD-7) to assess their mental health.Children′s symptoms and behavior problems were assessed by SNAP-Ⅳ.The correlations between ADHD children′s symptoms and parents′ mental health were analyzed. Results 1) Children′s SNAP-Ⅳ in ADHD group scored significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.001). 2) The scores of parents′ PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in ADHD group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and the positive rates of parents′ mental health status, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in ADHD group were also significantly higher than those in control group (all P<0.05).3) Parents′ mental health status, anxiety and depression were positively correlated with severity of ADHD symptoms and children′s behavior problems (r=0.22~0.35, all P <0.01). Conclusions The anxiety and depression levels of parents of ADHD preschool children are higher and parents′ mental health status is correlated with the symptoms of ADHD and children′s behavior problems.Attention should be given to psychological counseling and treatment for the parents of preschool children with ADHD.

Characteristic of intelligence and response inhibition function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder

XIA Ying, KUANG Gui-fang, WANG Lei, MA Wen-bei, TAN Xin

2018, 26(10):  1052-1055.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-03

Asbtract ( )   PDF (523KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the characteristic of intelligence and response inhibition function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or comorbid ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD),in order to provide reference for ODD aggravating cognitive function of ADHD . Method Children diagnosed with comorbid ADHD and ODD (ADHD+ODD),simple ADHD (ADHD) and normal controls participated in this study from January 2015 to November 2017,with 30 children in each group.All three groups were matched by age and gender.The diagnosis were made according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria.The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition (WISC-Ⅳ) and Stroop text were administered to assess the intelligence and response inhibition functions. Results The scores of VCI,WMI,PSI,CPI,full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and word interference in two case groups were much lower than those in normal controls(F=3.663,5.761,5.436,9.468,6.412,all P<0.05);The general ability index in ADHD+ODD group was lower than that of normal controls(F=2.751,P<0.05),the scores of time for word interference in two case groups were much longer than those in normal controls(F=7.910,P<0.05).However,there were no significant difference on both intelligence and response inhibition function between the two case groups(F=2.703,0.578,both P>0.05). Conclusions Children with ADHD have intelligence and response inhibition function deficit no matter comorbidity or non-comorbidity of oppositional defiant disorder.Comorbid ADHD and ODD have additional influence on the general ability,but not on response inhibition function characteristics of children with ADHD.

Relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms among preschoolers and behavioral lifestyle

XIE Liang-liang, YAN Shuang-qin, CAO Hui, GU Chun-li, XU Ye-qing, NI Ling-ling, TAO Hui-hui, SHAO Ting, TAO Fang-biao

2018, 26(10):  1056-1059.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-04

Asbtract ( )   PDF (600KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the correlation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and behavioral lifestyle,so as to promote the health development of children . Method Totally 16 439 preschool children aged 3~6 years in 91 kindergartens in Maanshan were investigated in 2014.The behavioral lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics of preschool children were collected through questionnaire survey.ADHD symptoms were assessed by the 10-item Chinese version of the Conners′ abbreviated symptom questionnaire (C-ASQ).A lifestyle index was formed from ten domains,including outdoor activities,TV viewing on weekday and weekend,play other electronic deviceson weekday and weekend,picky-eater,favorite flavor,sleep time,falling asleep on weekday and weekend.Pearson χ² test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results The total score of the behavioral lifestyle index was 10,with mean score of 2.64±1.78.After adjusted for demographic information and outdoor exercise time,mealtimes,food types and naps,the average autonomous group (scored 2~3)(OR=1.78,95%CI:1.50~2.12) and high autonomous group(≥4 scores) (OR=2.82,95%CI:2.37~3.35) of behavioral lifestyle index were risk factors of ADHD symptoms. Conclusions The occurrence of ADHD symptoms is related to the daily behavioral lifestyle.So it is suggested to prompt interventions on positive living and healthy diet in order to prevent and reduce the onset of ADHD in preschoolers.

Preliminary analysis on the validity of Bayley-Ⅲ Screening Test in Shanghai

LIN Sen-ran, LI Yun, YANG Qing, CAO Zhi-juan, GU Gui-xiong, HUA Jing

2018, 26(10):  1060-1063.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-05

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1139KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To preliminarily assess the validity of Bayley-Ⅲ Screening Test in Shanghai,and to discuss the feasibility of its adaption in China . Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in one district in Shanghai and a total of 1 073 infants aged from 0 to 18 months were included from January to April 2017.Item-level content validity index(I-CVI) and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the content validity and criterion-related validity.The Mann-Kendall trend test was performed to assess trends of behavior development,and post-hos Least Significant Difference test was used to compare the scores of two groups with adjacent age. Results The I-CVIs of the five subtests were 0.920,0.953,0.953,0.963 and 0.982, respectively.The average I-CVI was 0.954.In the three risk categories (normal,emerging and abnormal) of ASQ-3,Bayley-Ⅲ Screening cognitive,receptive communication and expressive communication scores of ASQ-3 emerging and abnormal categories were significantly lower than those of the normal category (P＜0.05).However,the fine motor and gross motor subtests were inconsistent with the ASQ categories.The scores of each subtests showed an increasing trend across age (P＜0.05).But girls′ receptive communication scores decreased in the first two groups with adjacent age without significant difference (P=0.487). Conclusions The cognitive,receptive communication and expressive communication subtests of the Bayley-Ⅲ Screening Test have good validity.However,further research and revision of the fine motor and gross motor subtests is needed.

Reliability and validity of Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale-Chinese version

HUA Jing, MAO Jie, CUI Wei, WU Zhuo-chun

2018, 26(10):  1064-1067.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-06

Asbtract ( )   PDF (609KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale-Chinese version (AHEMD-IS),so as to provide a valid tool for screening of early motor development environment . Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a tertiary and a secondary maternity and children′s health care hospital in Shanghai and a maternity and children′s health care hospital in Yancheng city.Totally 1 250 3 to 11-month-old infants who visited children′s health care clinics regularly for physical examination were recruited from December 2014 to September 2015.Cronbach′s α index for each item was used to determine internal consistency.Guttman half-split coefficient was used to determine external consistency.The content validity was determined by the item-level content validity index (I-CVI).Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to examine the factorial validity of the AHEMD-IS Scale. Results The Cronbach′s alpha value of all items together was 0.836.The Guttman half-split coefficient of AHEMD-IS was 0.515.The I-CVI of AHEMD-IS ranged from 0.75 to 1 except the 17th item.Principal component analysis was conducted to extract four common factors with cumulative contribution rate of 49.27%.The four common factors were named as “activity space”,“variety of stimulation”,“gross-motor toys” and “fine-motor toys” separately,which were consistent with the construction of the original scale. Conclusions Chinese version of AHEMD-IS has good psychometric reliability and validity,and it could be used as a valid tool for motor development in Chinese infants.

Impact of the assisted reproductive technology on the offsprings′ general movement assessment
by applying propensity score matching

JIANG Chun-hua, XIAO Li-ping, HUANG Jun, LI Yun, YANG Hong, CAO Jia-yan, ZHANG Ying, ZHONG Ping-li, CHENG Wen, ZHANG Yue

2018, 26(10):  1068-1071.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-07

Asbtract ( )   PDF (551KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the impact of the assisted reproductive technology (ART) on the offsprings′ general movement assessment (GMs) by applying propensity score matching . Method Infants who had received at least one time of GMs were collected in Minhang district from July 2015 to October 2017.Infants were divided into two groups of ART conceived and natural conceived.The first time of GMs results of the two groups during the two stages of “premature and twist” and “restless movement ” were matched by applying the one-to-one propensity score matching (PSM),setting the matching tolerance 0.000 03 and 0.000 15 respectively,with the gender,fetus number,birth weight,gestational age,the history of rescue,jaundice,brain and other disease,parental age,culture,occupation,maternal fetal miscarriage,medication,diabetes,or hypertension the history of other diseases as covariates.The differences between the two groups were compared. Results Before matched, the rate of abnormal result of two GMs stages in ART conceived group was significantly higher than that in natural conceived group(χ²=77.74,15.38,both P＜0.01).After matched,there were 164 pairs of data in the stage of premature and twist,and the rate of abnormal result of ART conceived group was significantly higher than that of natural conceived group (32.3% vs.18.9%,χ²=8.30,P=0.008).However,there was no significant difference between the two groups of 247 pairs of data in the stage of restless exercise (P>0.05). Conclusions ART may increase the risk of abnormal result in the stage of “premature and twist”,so further research is needed.

Application of joint attention in early identification of infants with autism spectrum disorders

ZHU Feng-lei, CHEN Kai-yun, CHENG San-mei, XIE Yi-xiang, ZOU Xiao-bing

2018, 26(10):  1072-1075.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-08

Asbtract ( )   PDF (518KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the behavioral characteristics of joint attention(JA) among infants with autism spectrum disorders (ASD),in order to provide references for early identification and diagnosis . Method Two professionals,according to the coding guide and based on video analysis Method,evaluated the joint attention behaviors of 61 ASD infants aged 16~30 months from April to December 2017.And the results were compared with infants with developmental delays (DD,n=32) and neuro-typical (NT,n=33) infants.Finally,the diagnosis for ASD infants was predicted according to the distinguishing behavioral indicators. Results Compared with DD and NT infants,the frequency of initiating joint attention (IJA) and the score of responding to joint attention (RJA) in ASD infants was significantly lower (all P<0.05).While the difference on all JA behaviors between DD and NT children was not significant(P＞0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of detecting ASD from all infants according to all indicators of JA was 0.891 (P<0.01). Conclusions There are significant differences on JA domain between ASD infants and DD or NT infants.Behavioral characteristics of JA have great application value in the early identification of ASD.

Prevalence and influencing factors of behavioral problems in the second-generation single child in Chongqing

LIU Xiao, CHENG Qian, LI Ting-yu

2018, 26(10):  1076-1080.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-09

Asbtract ( )   PDF (681KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of behavioral problems in the second-generation single child in Chongqing of China,in order to provide evidence for children behaviors management . Method A questionnaire-based investigation was conducted in preschoolers in Chongqing by using cluster-randomized sampling method from 2012 to 2014.Parents completed the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklists (CBCL) and the Temperament Checklists.SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze data. Results A total of ninety-six 2nd-generation single (G2) children were enrolled in this study,with average age of (4.67 ±0.69) years old.The prevalence of internalizing,externalizing,and total behavioral problems in G2 children were 25.0%,37.5%,and 37.5%.Logistic regression analysis indicated that boys (OR=1.613,95% CI:1.021~2.549),difficult temperament (OR=7.111,95% CI:3.028~16.701),and mothers′ recognition on the value of delivery to marriage (OR=9.38,95% CI:4.321~20.358) were risk factors of behavioral problems.The protective factors of behavioral problems included nuclear family (OR=0.366,95% CI:0.209~0.643),parents with college or above education (OR_mother=0.491,95% CI:0.265~ 0.910; OR_father=0.427,95% CI:0.192~0.948),mother with relaxed mood after delivery(OR=0.294,95% CI:0.158~0.550),children′s social interaction (OR=0.402,95% CI:0.225~0.721),and parents′ attention to behavioral development (OR=0.084,95% CI:0.013~0.551). Conclusions Second- generation single-child does not show significantly increased incidence of behavioral problems compared with control groups.The behaviors of children are influenced by gender,age,and family background,while are not correlated with the identification of single child.

Research on the association between ApoE genotype and global developmental delay

LIU Li-li, YANG Lin, WANG Qiong, CHEN Xiao-cong, MA Ying-ge

2018, 26(10):  1081-1083.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-10

Asbtract ( )   PDF (478KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the correlation between ApoE allele frequencies and generalized developmental delay(GDD) in children,in order to provide an effective way of etiological prevention,early diagnosis and intervention for children with GDD . Method Isolation and purification of DNA from peripheral blood,PCR amplication and Hha I digestion for the distribution of genotyping of ApoE were used to test the ApoE genotypes of 66 GDD children (GDD group) and 50 normal children (control group).Also,the correlation between ApoE allele frequencies and GDD was analyzed. Result The ApoEε4 allele frequency of GDD group was significantly higher than that of control group(χ² =5.05,P＜0.05). Conclusions The high frequency of ApoEε4 is associated with GDD,meantime it may be a genetic susceptibility factor for GDD children.

Effects of sevoflurane on learning-memory and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in juvenile rats

GONG Tao-wu, ZHENG Xue, ZHAO Peng-cheng, ZHONG Yuan-ping, ZHU Yu-hang, ZHANG Chao, ZHU Zhao-qiong

2018, 26(10):  1084-1087.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-11

Asbtract ( )   PDF (559KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the effects of sevoflurane on learning-memory and the signaling pathway of phosphatidylinositol -3- excitation enzyme (PI3K) / protein kinase B / (AKT) in juvenile rats,in order to provide theoretical evidence for related research . Method Totally 36 juvenile male SD rats (8 weeks old,220~250 g) were randomly divided into control group and experimental group using random number table.And the control group was divided into two subgroups:the vacuity contrast group (CON group) where rats were not treated and the positive control group (O₂ group) where rats inhaled pure oxygen for 30 minutes.The rats in the experimental group inhaled 2% sevoflurane for 30 minutes,and were divided into 4 subgroups:revive 2 h after anesthesia (T1 group),12 h (T2 group),24 h group (T3 group) and 72 h group (T4 group),with 6 rats in each group.All rats were trained by Morris water maze before anaesthesia.After anaesthesia,the Morris water maze behavior test was carried out again at every time point.The expression of PI3K mRNA and AKT mRNA in hippocampus of rats were detected by PCR method. Results There was no statistical difference in the behavior of rats in each group before anesthesia (P>0.05).Compared with the O₂ group,the escape latency after anesthesia was significantly prolonged in T1 group(P<0.05).Compared with the T1 group,the escape latency was shortened in T3 and T4 group(both P<0.05).There was no significant difference on the total route among each group (P>0.05).Compared with CON group,the expression of PI3K mRNA and AKT mRNA in O₂ group were significantly up-regulated,while the expression of PI3K mRNA and AKT mRNA in the T1 group were markedly down-regulated (all P<0.05).Compared with O₂ group,the expression of PI3K mRNA and AKT mRNA in T1 group significantly decreased (both P<0.05). Conclusions Sevoflurane anesthesia can cause temporary cognitive dysfunction in juvenile rats.And the mechanism is related to the inhibition of the expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Effect of antibiotics use on the weight and mortality in newborn mice

ZHANG Xin, LI Shao-wen, GAO Xiao-cui, CHEN Jia-yan

2018, 26(10):  1088-1091.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-12

Asbtract ( )   PDF (719KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the effect of antibiotics use in early life on weight and mortality of newborn mice . Method A total of 40 female wild-type C57BL/6 mice aged 6～8 weeks and 20 male wild-type C57BL/6 mice aged 6~8 weeks were randomly divided into control group and antibiotic treatment group, with 20 mice in each group. Two female mice in the control and antibiotic groups were paired with one male mouse in a cage for 12 weeks. The mice in the control group were given normal feed and water, while the mice in the antibiotic group were given both normal feed and antibiotic cocktail. The weight of newborn mice was measured each week, fecal bacterial DNA was tested, and mortality was counted. Results The overall mortality rate of newborn mice in the antibiotic group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.034, 0.027) within 1 week and 1～2 weeks after birth. There was no significantly gender difference in mortality between 1 week and 1～2 weeks after birth (P＞0.05). The weight of newborn mice in the control group and the antibiotic group at 1 week after birth was(3.870±0.079)g and(4.050±0.050)g, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (t=1.926, P=0.070). At 2 weeks, the weight was (6.230±0.142)g and (6.770±0.141)g, respectively. The weight of the antibiotic newborn mice was significantly higher than that of the control group at 2 weeks after birth (t=2.699, P=0.015). Moreover, the fecal DNA concentration of newborn mice in the antibiotic group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P=0.007) at 1 week and 2 weeks. Conclusions The use of antibiotics in early life in newborn mice significantly reduces the number of intestinal bacteria, increases weight and mortality, and the mechanism remains to be further studied.

Research progress on the effect of program for the education & enrichment of relational skills on social skill improvement among adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

SONG Rui, DU Ya-song

2018, 26(10):  1092-1095.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-13

Asbtract ( )   PDF (533KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Social dysfunctions are typical functional impairments of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),especially in adolescents.However,related training program is deadly needed in China.Program for the education & enrichment of relational skills (PEERS^®) is an evidence-based method that can effectively improve the social skills of ADHD adolescents.This review summarizes the applications and research progress on PEERS^®.

Status and influencing factors of medication compliance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

ZHAO Qiu-xia, CHEN Li

2018, 26(10):  1096-1099.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-14

Asbtract ( )   PDF (588KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuro-developmental disorder,which affects 5%~11% children around the world.Medication therapy is the preferred treatment for children aged over 6 years old with ADHD.It is considered that medication is effective for 70% of ADHD children.A variety of drugs have been used,such as methylphenidate and amphetamine,atomoxetine,guanfacine and clonidine.Medication adherence can be influenced by many factors,such as side effects of drugs,dosage form,growth velocity,families,and patients′ experience of taking medication,as well as sleep disorders.Doctors,parents and children cooperate to share information,decide on the medication treatment plan,monitor the effect of drug treatment and side effects,and actively carry out the combination of medical education and home school to implement behavior management and intervention,which will significantly improve the compliance,improve the treatment effect of medication treatment,promote the study of children with ADHD,improve overall promotion of social function and quality of life.

Research advances on screening scale for preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

WANG Lu, HUANG Yan-ke, JIANG Wen-qing, GAO Wu-hong, DU Ya-song

2018, 26(10):  1100-1103.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-15

Asbtract ( )   PDF (521KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood behavior problem,mainly diagnosed in school age.However,more behavioral problems has existed in preschool age.Therefore,early diagnosis of ADHD is becoming a trend.This review summarizes the research progress on the assessment scale of ADHD in preschool children.

Research progress on methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

HU Chun-shui, JIANG Wen-qing, SHEN Hong-yan, DU Ya-song

2018, 26(10):  1104-1106.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-16

Asbtract ( )   PDF (503KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Methylphenidate is a representative drug for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).It helps to control symptoms and to improve social function.More children with ADHD should have benefit from methylphenidate treatment.But patients can not get proper treatment because of their fear of side effects.This review will focus on the efficacy and side effect of methylphenidate,and make comparison between methylphenidate and atomoxetine.

Meta-analysis of the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and dental caries in young children

ZHAO Shuang-yun, LIU Xiao-li, DING Yuan, HUANG Yue, XIA Bin

2018, 26(10):  1107-1111.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-17

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1115KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and dental caries in young children, in order to provide evidence for early prevention of dental caries in children . Method Papers were searched through databases of both Chinese (including Chinese Journal Full-text Database, Wanfang Database and Weipu Database) and English (including PubMed, Science Direct OnSit, Elsevier, ProQuest, Cochrane and Wiley-Black Well) from 1979 to August 2017. Totally 12 cross-sectional studies on the incidence of dental caries in young children with exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding and artificial feeding were included in this study. The heterogeneity test was performed by Rev Man 5.3 and Meta-analysis was performed using a fixed or random effect model. Results Meta-analysis showed that the total correlation RR value of exclusive breastfeeding and dental caries in young children was 0.62 (95%CI: 0.48~0.80) compared with artificial feeding children, and was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.60~0.88) compared with mixed feeding children. The relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and severe dental caries in young children was not found. Conclusions Exclusive breastfeeding has a positive effect on the prevention of early childhood caries, and it is necessary to promote exclusive breastfeeding.

Effect of disease characteristics on compliance of patients with attention deficient hyperactive disorder

ZHENG Qing-mei, ZHAO Xiao-ming, TAN Hui-juan, LI Yao-dong, SONG Zhi-wen, DENG Liang-hua, CAI Yuan-fan, LIU Shi-mei

2018, 26(10):  1112-1114.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-18

Asbtract ( )   PDF (639KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the effects of disease characteristics on the compliance of patients with attention deficient and hyperactive disorder (ADHD),so as to provide an approach to improving patients′ treatment compliance . Method Totally 72 ADHD patients aged 6~12 who visited psychology clinic of Wu Zhongpei Memorial Hospital from July 2016 to June 2017 were selected.Before treatment,all patients were measured for Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC),number cancellation test (NCT),and Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ),so as to approach their cognitive characteristics and disease attributes. Results 1) Verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) was shown to be a significant positive predictor of the treatment compliance of ADHD patients (F＝8.36,P<0.001,coefficient of determination 0.14).Both VIQ and full intelligence quotient (FIQ) were shown to be positive predictors of clinic visit times of ADHD patients (F＝10.17,P<0.01,coefficient of determination 0.22).2) The hyperactivity-impulsiveness subscale score of PSQ was shown to be a significant negative predictor of the compliance of ADHD patients (F＝9.24,P<0.001,coefficient of determination 0.15). Conclusions The disease attributes affect ADHD patients′ treatment compliance.

Characteristics and associated factors of internet addiction behaviors among senior high school students in Beijing

HAN Geng-yu, LEI Yuan-ting, LÜ Ruo-ran, DUAN Jia-li, DONG Bin, HU Pei-jin, YE Zi, SONG Yi

2018, 26(10):  1115-1119.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-19

Asbtract ( )   PDF (776KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To estimate the prevalence and associated factors of internet addiction behavior in high school students in Beijing,so as to provide theoretical basis for further intervention and prevention measures. Method A stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted,and totally 18 154 students were selected as participants in 35 key high schools,36 senior high schools and 31 vocational-technical schools in 18 districts and counties of Beijing from April to May in 2014. Results The prevalence of internet addiction was 4.7% among participants,and it was significantly higher in boys(5.5%) than that in girls (4.0%).Students with higher grade and their mothers with high level of educational background were less prone to developing internet addiction (both P<0.01).In contrast,students with poor academic achievements,studying in vocational high school and living in non-nuclear family were more susceptible to internet addiction (P<0.01).Logistic analysis showed that male,poor academic achievements,living in single-parent family,family reorganization and grandparenting,suffered from bullying,having strong feeling of loneliness and sexual behaviors experience were risk factors of internet addiction,whereas physical exercise was a protective factor(OR=0.49~0.92). Conclusions Internet addiction in adolescent is closely related to family,academic achievements,being bullied,emotional problems,physical exercise and sexual behavior experience.Therefore,family,school and society should work together on these related factors to prevent and control internet addiction in adolescents.

Application of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale-Ⅳ for Children in cognitive assessment of epilepsy children

ZHANG Hui-min, WEN Xiao-hong, HUANG Jin-hua, WANG Shui-yun

2018, 26(10):  1120-1122.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-20

Asbtract ( )   PDF (633KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To assess the cognitive function and characteristics of children with epilepsy by using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Fourth Edition (WISC-Ⅳ),and to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive function in epilepsy children . Method Totally 45 children with epilepsy were screened according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) criteria from August 2016 to October 2017,and 36 matched healthy children were selected as control group.Cognitive function assessment was performed on all children with WISC-Ⅳ.Also,the characteristics and effects of cognitive function in epilepsy children were analyzed. Results The WISC-Ⅳ test showed that epilepsy group scored significantly lower in the total IQ,four indexes,and subtests than control group,and showed poorer performance in terms of cognitive efficiency(t=6.008,P<0.05).Parental education,medication time,frequency of seizures,and education forms could affect the cognitive efficiency of epilepsy children.Moreover,fathers′ education was a high-risk factor. Conclusions The application of WISC-Ⅳ can intuitively identify the advantages and disadvantages of cognitive function in epilepsy children,thereby providing evidence for early cognitive intervention.

Study on the temperament characteristics of 3 to 7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder

XING Yi-pei, DENG Wen-lin, WANG Fang, LIU Xing-hua, CHEN Kai-yun, ZOU Xiao-bing

2018, 26(10):  1123-1125.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-21

Asbtract ( )   PDF (698KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the temperament characteristics of 3 to 7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),in order to provide references for detection and intervention. Method A total of 130 ASD children diagnosed in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 2012 to March 2013 were selected as participants. And the temperament characteristics of ASD children were compared with the normal. Results The temperament of 3 to 7-year-old children with ASD was mainly I-E type, whose proportion in ASD children was significantly lower than that in normal children(P＜0.05). Also, the temperament dimensions of 3 to 7-year-old children with ASD significantly differed from normal preschool children(P＜0.05). The response threshold score of 3 to　7-year-old boys with ASD was higher(P＜0.05). Moreover, the score of response intensity was negatively correlated with month of age(r=-0.19, P＜0.05), and the scores of adaptability, response intensity and mood of ASD children were negatively related to birth weight(r=-0.26, -0.32, -0.31, all P＜0.01). Conclusions The temperament dimensions of 3 to 7-year-old children with ASD significantly differ from those of normal preschool children, so study on temperament characteristics will facilitate early recognition and intervention of ASD.

Study on the false memory in different age stages and different language types

YUE Lei, SUN Yan-chao, JIA Li-ping

2018, 26(10):  1126-1129.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-22

Asbtract ( )   PDF (570KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the effect of the language types and age on students′ false memory,in order to provide empirical evidence for further clarifying the mechanism and influencing factors of false memory . Method A total of 60 students from university,high school and junior school in Weifang were selected as subjects in April 2015.False memory test was conducted with DRM paradigm using Chinese and English words as the experimental material.Variance analysis was used get statistical results. Results 1)The correct recognition rate and the false recognition rate of critical lure were higher than those of irrelevant items(P<0.01);2) The correct recognition rate of college students was significantly higher than that of high school students and junior school students(P<0.05);There was no significant effect of learning on the correct recognition rate in different language types(P>0.05);3)The recognition rate of the critical lure of low age students was significantly lower than that of high age students(P<0.05);The false recognition rate of key bait in Chinese learning program was significantly higher than that in English learning program(P<0.05). Conclusions With the growth of age,the correct recognition rate of learning program is gradually improving,and different language and age have significant effect on false memory.

Analysis of dietary patterns and nutrient intake in obese children

WANG Li, YIN Chun-yan, XIAO Yan-feng, GAO Jie-di, WEI Fei, HUANG Zhen-zhen, LIU Xiao-hua

2018, 26(10):  1130-1132.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-23

Asbtract ( )   PDF (643KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

To explore the difference of dietary patterns and nutrient intake of obese children,in order to provide scientific evidence for the intervention of childhood obesity . Method Totally 70 children aged 7~14 with simple obesity and 70 normal children in pediatric outpatient of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University were enrolled from June 2016 to June 2017.Height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,blood pressure and body fat percentage (BFP) were measured.Body mass index(BMI) and waist to hip ratio were calculated as well.Daily intake of total calorie,three major nutrients,micronutrients and the proportion of meals were investigated by the 24 hour meal review method of 3 days in children,and the dietary structure and nutrient intake were analyzed by Nutrition Data System (Huicheng,Shanghai). Results Compared with the control group,the total calories,the intake of protein,fat,carbohydrate,the proportion of calorific energy supplied by fat and protein,the intake of thiamine and vitamin A sodium,zinc,iron and calcium in the obese group were significantly higher than those in control group(all P<0.01).However,the proportion of calorific energy supplied by carbohydrate was significantly lower in obese group compared with the control group(P<0.01). Conclusions There is intake imbalance of three major nutrient and mineral in dietary structure of obese children.Sustained excess nutrition intake can lead to childhood obesity.When adjusting the dietary structure of obese children,it is vital to pay more attention to the proportion of minerals and vitamin intake.

Study on the specificity of amyloid precursor protein and brain derived neurotrophic factor
in peripheral blood in children with autism spectrum disorder

WANG Hong, WANG Xiao-yan, WU Mei-rong, ZHAO Zhi-wei, DAI Qiong, LIU Xing-lian, XU Hai-qing

2018, 26(10):  1133-1136.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-24

Asbtract ( )   PDF (619KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the specificity of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in peripheral blood in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), so as to explore the biomarkers for early diagnosis of ASD. Method A total of 103 ASD children,25 children with intellectual disability (ID),25 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 78 healthy children in Hubei Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were enrolled in this study from January 2013 to December 2016. And the plasma total sAPP, sAPP-α, sAPP-β and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) of participants were tested by sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and were compared among those four groups. Results The levels of sAPP and sAPP-α among ASD, ID, ADHD and normal control groups were significantly different (Z=86.17,39.01,both P＜0.001), while the difference on the levels of sAPP-β and BDNF among those four groups were not significant (both P＞0.05). Conclusions Considering the specific change of APP in ASD children, APP may be a promising biomarker in the early diagnosis of ASD.

Analysis of psychological behaviors in children with selective mutism

OU Wan-xing, WANG Ling-hua, CHA Cai-hui, YANG Si-yuan, QIU Tian-xiang

2018, 26(10):  1137-1139.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-25

Asbtract ( )   PDF (470KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the behaviors of children with selective mutism,in order to provide evidence for treatment options . Method Totally 39 parents of children with selective mutism were surveyed by questionnaires to assess their behavioral problems from Janunry 2015 to December 2016. Results Symptoms of children with selective mutism occurred mostly at school age,and half of the children had no abnormal verbal communication with their families.Children with selective mutism were not significantly as good as normal children in school performance(P＜0.05).But problems of division,compulsion,depression and social withdrawal in selective mutism children were significantly higher than those in normal children.There were no significant differences on activity ability,social ability and school performance among boys and girls with selective mutism (all P＞0.05).However,behavioral problems including depression,body complaints,social withdrawal,discipline,hyperactivity and aggressive were significantly different between boys and girls with selective mutism (all P＜0.05). Conclusions According to the behavioral characteristics of children with selective mutism,early intervention is suggested to be made for children′s treatment.Family,school and medical staff should cooperate to give targeted intervention for boys and girls,along with anti-anxiety therapy.

Characteristics and risk factors of children with developmental language delay

HUA Li, HAO Yan, CHEN Min, YI Qin, TANG Li-na, XU Lu, JIN Xing-ming

2018, 26(10):  1140-1143.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-26

Asbtract ( )   PDF (571KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of intelligence development in children with delayed language development,in order to provide scientific evidence for early clinical diagnosis,intervention and treatment of language delay. Method A total of 209 children aged 1~5 years (including 164 boys and 45 girls) with main complaints of language delay were recruited in Wuhan Tongji Hospital from June 2016 to July 2017,of which 35 were diagnosed with developmental language delay,and 174 were diagnosed with global developmental delay(GDD).All participants were assessed with the Gesell Developmental Scale,the Early Language Development Screening Scale (Shanghai standardized edition) and self-designed demographic questionnaire to obtain relevant information. Results No significant differences were found on gender,father′s educational level,father′s occupation,parental relationship,temperament type,main caregivers,daily time spent with main caregivers,and daily screen time between children with developmental language delay and GDD children (all P>0.05).However,there were significant differences on children′s age(χ²=12.723),mother′s educational level(χ²=10.124),mother′s occupation(χ²=7.473)between two groups(all P<0.05).Multifactor regression analysis showed that children with less-educated mothers were 5 times more likely to develop GDD than those with more educated mothers (OR=5.419,P<0.01). Conclusions Language screening is badly needed in children′s routine physical examination in order to make early identification of developmental language delay.Besides,health education from medical professionals is suggested to be conducted in less-educated mothers,so as to reduce the potential adverse impacts of language delay on children′s overall development.

Study on the relationship among behavioral problems,family environment factors and temperaments in preschool children

LIU Ya-jing, LIU Chao, XIANG Zheng

2018, 26(10):  1144-1146.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-27

Asbtract ( )   PDF (606KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore general characteristic of behavioral problems among preschool children in Shunyi district,and to understand the effect of family environment factors and temperaments on childhood behavior problems . Method Totally 1 301 preschool children were selected from 4 kindergartens through a clustered-random sampling in Shunyi district from April to June 2017.Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL),Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version(FES-CV) and 3 to 7-year-old children temperament questionnaires(BSQ)were filled out by parents. Results The prevalence rate of behavioral problems in preschool children was 14.8% (192/1 301).Boys had higher score than girls on aggressive and disciplinary problems.The contradictory dimensions of preschool children were positively correlated with somatic factor(r=0.130,P<0.05).Attacking factor was negatively correlated with rhythm,avoidance and attentional dispersion in boys(r=-0.133,-0.119,-0.115,all P<0.05).And there were negative correlation between depression factor and activity level and insistence in girls(r=-0.125,-0.151). Conclusions The occurrence of behavioral problems in preschool children is related to family environment and temperament dimensions.So the development of comprehensive prevention measures should take into account the influence of family environment and temperament factors.

Study on the neglecting experience and mental health of junior high school students in Yili district

AN Yan

2018, 26(10):  1147-1150.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-28

Asbtract ( )   PDF (616KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the status of neglecting experience and mental health of young people in Yili district of Xinjiang,and to further explore the relationship between them,in order to provide assistance for the physical and mental health development of young people in the region . Method A total of 2 044 middle school students from 6 junior high schools in Yili area were surveyed using convenient sampling Method.Self-administered questionnaires and adolescent mental health scale surveys were conducted. Results The rate of neglecting in junior high school students in Yili District was 73.04%,with significantly higher rate in rural areas (76.00%) than in urban areas (69.57%).The average score of neglected students was 8.34±2.83,and the score of rural students was significantly higher than that of urban students (8.46±2.94 vs.8.21±2.71,t=－2.103,P=0.024).The mental health will and behavioral factors of adolescent scored 17.15±2.88,cognitive factor,personality factors,thinking factors and emotional factors scored 16.67±2.88,19.75±3.70,16.44±3.42 and 9.56±2.23,respectively.Mental health grades of the participants were mainly on the levels of "general health" and "better health".Junior high school students without neglecting experience scored significantly higher in mental health factors than students with neglected experiences (t=4.373,3.571,3.039,3.337,4.388,all P<0.01). Conclusions The neglect of adolescents in Yili district is severe.Neglecting experience has negative impact on the development of mental health of adolescents.

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of safety protection products use in preschool children

JIANG Yu , SUN Yuan-qiao, ZHOU Peng, XIA Qing-hua

2018, 26(10):  1151-1154.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-29

Asbtract ( )   PDF (606KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of safety protection facilities (SPPs) use in preschool children,in order to provide basis for promoting home environment safety.Method A parental self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted from July to September,2016. Results Totally 4% of the families did not use any SPPs in their home,and only 1.9% of the families used all listed SPPs in this study.Among all kinds of SPPs,the use rate of anti-collision prevention angle and bar was the highest,followed by power/socket protection cover and anti-clamp hand door block.The use rate of gas detector and smoke detector was low.Multivariate Logistic analysis indicated that the ownership of property,good command of injury related knowledge,receiving training on injury prevention and first aid may promote the use of SPPs.The main impediments to the use of SPPs were having no idea of where to buy (16.1%),not having heard of (13.3%),having trouble in use (13.2%),not knowing how to use (9.5%),and poor quality of SPPs (6.4%). Conclusions The overall use rate of home environment SPPs for preschool children is not as high as expected,especially those that can protect life in an emergency was critically low.Public education on SPPs use,improving the availability and quality of SPPs may improve SPPs use,thereby protecting healthy growth of preschool children.

Study on the effects of the O2O model on early childhood development

LI Jing, JIN Xing-ming, MA Jun

2018, 26(10):  1155-1157.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-10-30

Asbtract ( )   PDF (518KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the effects of the O2O model and the individualized intervention on early growth and development of children . Method Eligible children′s families were recruited from December 2016,and parents input the growth and development information into "cute baby software".Physicians assessed online data monthly,and gave the individualized assessment online or the offline guidance.The growth and development data were collected at the end of intervention for six months. Results Through six months of monitoring,evaluation and predictive guidance intervention,the gross motor (χ²=31.19),fine motor (χ²=22.94),cognition (χ²=15.19),language (χ²=14.28) and growth trend of children significantly improved (all P＜0.01). Conclusions The online monitoring of early childhood development can promote children′s health,break through the limitation of the time and the place,improve the efficiency and create the possibilities for the coverage of children healthcare throughout the region.