Abstract: Objective To understand alpha diversity and composition of neonatal gut microbiota and to explore the effect of gestational weight gain on neonatal gut microbiota acqusition. Methods The study was based on a prospective birth cohort.Totally 323 pregnant women with complete pregnancy follow-up information recruited in the cohort between April 2016 and February 2017 were randomly selected, and meconium of their babies after delivering were collected.16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed on the meconium samples.The sequence of 207 samples where bacteria exit were analyzed.According to the gestational weight gain standard of American Institute of Medicine, the subjects were divided into two groups:non-excessive gestational weight gain(n=129) and excessive gestational weight gain(n=78). Results Gestational weight gain influences the abundance of neonatal gut microbiota.Compared with the group of non-excessive gestational weight gain, the neonatal intestinal Proteobacteria was higher(P<0.05)and Parabacteroides was lower(P<0.05)in group of excessive gestational weight gain.Gestational weight gain was negatively related to Shannon index(β=-0.378,P=0.013;β=-0.502,P=0.041)and Simpson index(β=-0.055,P=0.012;β=-0.073,P=0.039)by adjusting pre-pregnancy BMI, delivery mode, parity, gestational age, antibiotic exposure and stratified by neonatal gender. Conclusion Excessive gestational weight gain influences the composition of neonatal intestinal microbiota and decreases the alpha diversity of gut microbiota of male neonates.

Key words: gestational weight gain, neonate, meconium, gut microbiota

摘要： 目的 了解新生儿肠道菌群的多样性和物种组成,分析孕期增重对新生儿肠道菌群定植的影响。方法 本研究基于前瞻性出生队列,随机选取2016年4月-2017年2月纳入队列的具有完整孕期随访信息的323名孕妇,留取分娩后新生儿胎粪样本进行16S rDNA肠道菌群测序,并对测序成功的207个样本序列进行分析。按照美国医学研究所的孕期增重标准,将研究对象分为孕期增重不过量组(n=129)和孕期增重过量组(n=78)。结果 孕期增重量影响新生儿肠道菌群丰度,和孕期增重不过量组相比,孕期增重过量组的新生儿肠道变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度较高(P<0.05),副拟杆菌属(Parabacteroides)相对丰度较低(P<0.05)。在调整孕前体重指数、分娩方式、生育史、孕周、宫内抗生素暴露等因素,并按性别分层后,结果显示孕前BMI和孕期增重与男性新生儿肠道菌群的Shannon指数(β=-0.378,P=0.013和β=-0.502,P=0.041)、Simpson指数(β=-0.055,P=0.012和β=-0.073,P=0.039)呈显著负相关。结论 孕期增重过量影响新生儿肠道菌群组成并降低男性新生儿肠道菌群的α多样性。

关键词: 孕期增重, 新生儿, 胎粪, 肠道菌群