Abstract: Objective To analyze the influencing factors of recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) in preschool children, so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of RRTI. Methods Children aged 3 to 6 years with RRTI hospitalized in the second Department of Pediatrics of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from December 2017 to December 2019 were selected, and the corresponding control group was matched according to age and sex.With the informed consent of parents, a questionnaire survey was conducted by voluntary participation.After all survey data were verified to be valid, SPSS 22.0 software was used for unified data entry and data analysis. Results A total of 275 children were investigated, including 137 children in the case group (49.8%) and 138 children in the control group (50.2%).There were 131(47.6%) boys and 144(52.4%) girls.The proportions of children aged 3, 4, 5, 6 years were 35.3% (97/275), 27.6% (76/275), 23.3% (64/275) and 13.8% (38/275), respectively.Univariate analysis showed the influencing factors related to RRTI included house decoration for the past year, keeping pets, paternal smoking, maternal illness during pregnancy, premature, washing hands before meals, picky eating (χ²=11.434、27.934、7.291、6.023、5.824、11.112、16.569,P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that maternal illness during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for RRTI in children (OR=5.023, 95%CI: 1.084 - 23.273, P<0.05).Interaction analysis of influencing factors indicated that there was an interaction between paternal smoking and renovation in the past year (OR=18.660, 95%CI: 1.555 - 223.961, P<0.05). Conclusion Maternal illness during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for RRTI in children.Paternal smoking and house decoration for the past year can interact with each other to increase the risk of children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.

Key words: preschool children, recurrent respiratory tract infection, family factor

摘要： 目的 通过研究学龄前儿童反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)的影响因素,为预防RRTI提供理论依据。方法 选取2017年12月-2019年12月中国医科大学附属第四医院第二儿科收治住院的3~6岁RRTI患儿,按照年龄、性别配比相应对照组。在家长知情同意情况下采取自愿参加的方式,进行调查问卷。全部调查资料核对无误后,使用SPSS22.0软件统一进行数据录入和数据分析。结果 本次共调查儿童275人,包括病例组137人(49.8%),对照组138人(50.2%)。其中男童131人(47.6%),女童144人(52.4%)。儿童在各年龄的比例分别为3岁97人(35.3%)、4岁76人(27.6%)、5岁64人(23.3%)、6岁38人(13.8%)。儿童RRTI的单因素分析结果显示:与反复呼吸道感染相关的影响因素包括家中近一年装修、养宠物、父亲吸烟、母亲孕期患病、儿童早产、无饭前洗手习惯、偏食(χ²=11.434、27.934、7.291、6.023、5.824、11.112、16.569,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示:母孕期有疾病是儿童反复呼吸道感染的独立危险因素(OR=5.023, 95%CI:1.084~23.273,P<0.05)。影响因素交互作用分析结果显示父亲吸烟与近一年装修之间存在交互作用(OR=18.660,95%CI:1.555~223.961,P=0.021)。结论 母孕期患病是儿童反复呼吸道感染的独立危险因素。父亲吸烟与近一年装修可产生交互作用增加儿童反复呼吸道感染的发病风险。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 反复呼吸道感染, 家庭因素