Table of Content

10 March 2022, Volume 30 Issue 3

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Expert Consensus

Expert consensus on early intervention for neurobehavioral development in high risk newborn

Infant and Child Development, China Eugenics Association Professional Committee

2022, 30(3):  233-236.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0625

Asbtract ( )   PDF (821KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Professional Forum

Preliminary study on genetic factors in the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy

HU Hao, QI Yi-fei

2022, 30(3):  237-239.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0177

Asbtract ( )   PDF (408KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cerebral palsy is the most prevalent physical disability in children. However, its inherent molecular mechanisms remain unclear.More and more evidences have showed that genetic factors play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy.Our research team has performed in-depth clinical and molecular analysis on 120 idiopathic cerebral palsy families, and identified underlying detrimental genetic variants in 45% of these patients.By a compilation of 114 known cerebral-palsy-related genes, characteristic features has been identified in terms of inheritance and function, from which a dichotomous classification system are proposed according to the expression patterns of these genes and associated cognitive impairments.Using this algorithm, the pathogenic mechanisms of two representative gene mutations, TYW1 and GPAM, are explored in depth.Taken together, our findings provide a novel and interesting mechanism for the etiology of cerebral palsy and insights for future therapeutic strategies.

Original Articles

Rehabilitation efficacy of suspension training combined with MOTOmed intelligent training for children with spastic cerebral palsy

WANG Jing, YUE Ling, CHEN Zhi-hong, SUN Su-zhen, MA Gui-lin, BAI Bing, CHEN Cui-ying

2022, 30(3):  240-243.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0971

Asbtract ( )   PDF (517KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the clinical effect of suspension therapy combined with MOTOmed intelligent training in children with spastic cerebral palsy, in order to provide reference for clinical improvement of related intervention programs. Methods A total of 150 children with spastic cerebral palsy and treated in Children's Hospital of Hebei Province from May 2020 to May 2021 were included and divided into observation group and control group by random number table, with 75 cases in each group.The control group received MOTOmed intelligent training, and the observation group received suspension therapy additionally.The intervention lasted for 8 weeks.Trunk control ability, Berg Scale Score, Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM) and Modified Barthel Index(MBI) score, serum nerve growth factor(NGF) and endothelin(ET) level were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the total trunk control ability, the front and back trunk control ability, the left and right trunk control ability of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=2.992, 6.860, 8.380,P＜0.05).The Berg score, GMFM score, MBI score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.192, 2.126, 2.331, P<0.05).The level of NGF in the observation group was higher than that of the control group, while the level of ET was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.560, 2.806, P<0.05). Conclusions Suspension therapy combined with MOTOmed intelligent training can effectively improve children's trunk control ability, promote their gross motor development, improve children's balance function and activities of daily living.Moreover, the combined efficacy is better than that of MOTOmed intelligent training alone, which can be popularized and applied in clinic.

Effect of women dietary patterns during pregnancy on infants' cognitive development in rural Yunnan

LI Yu-ping, CHEN Ying, CHEN Shu-qi, XIAO Xia, QI Zhi-ye, LI Yan

2022, 30(3):  244-248.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0992

Asbtract ( )   PDF (597KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objectives To investigate the association between pregnant women's dietary patterns (DP) and cognitive development of infants, in order to provide reference for facilitating cognitive development of rural infants. Methods An ambispective cohort study on the effects of women's dietary patterns during pregnancy on infants' cognitive development was established based on a birth cohort study of rural areas in Yunnan, and maternal dietary information during pregnancy was collected.A total of 228 mother-child pairs were enrolled and followed in the study from January 2018 to December 2019.A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among infant's mother or primary caregivers, including infants' health status, supplementary foods, main caregivers and so on.Meanwhile, children's cognitive development at 12 months old was assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition (BSID-Ⅲ).Women's dietary patterns during pregnancy were obtained through principal component analysis (PCA).Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the effects of dietary patterns during pregnancy on infants' cognitive development. Results Three dietary patterns were extracted in three trimesters as well as in the combined second and third trimester of pregnancy, including pickled food(ham, Chinese sauerkraut), animal protein (animal organs, livestock meat, poultry meat, fish and shrimp) and traditional food (potato/sweet potato, rice, flour and related products, vegetables).The average score of cognitive development in 228 infants was 98.84±16.66, and 20 (8.8%) infants were detected with developmental delay.Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that traditional dietary pattern was negatively associated with cognitive development of 12-month-old infants (β=-12.272, P=0.002), while primary caregivers with high school degree or above was positively associated with cognitive development of 12-month-old infants (β=12.476, P=0.035). Conclusions The cognitive development level of infants in rural Yunnan is slightly lower than other areas and needs to be improved.Traditional dietary pattern during pregnancy may delay the cognitive development of infants.

Validity of the Chinese version of Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (the Second Edition) for toddlers aged 12 to 35 months

ZHANG Jing, BIAN Xiao-yan, SQUIRES Jane, SONG Wei, PENG Yong-mei, DU Li, ZHU Li-ping

2022, 30(3):  249-253.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0919

Asbtract ( )   PDF (548KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objectives To investigate the validity of the Chinese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional, Second Edition (ASQ:SE-2) for toddlers aged 12 to 35 months, so as to provide an appropriate assessment tool for the early social-emotion development of children. Methods From 22nd May to 29th October 2020, a total of 560 children aged 12 to 35 months were selected from Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Huangpu, Jing'an, Hongkou and Jiading Districts Maternal and Child Healthcare Center of Shanghai and child health care department of several community health service centers.The questionnaires for 12-, 18-,24-, 30- and 36-month-old toddlers in Chinese version of ASQ:SE-2 covering children aged 12 - 35 months were used, and the Chinese Infant-Toddler Social & Emotional Assessment (CITSEA) were used as validation criteria. Results The questionnaires for 12-, 18-,24-, 30- and 36-month-old toddlers in ASQ:SE-2 had good validity, significant correlations of the social, emotional, social-emotional scores and total scores of ASQ:SE-2 with the scores of the externalizing domain, the internalizing domain, the dysregulation domain and the competence domain of CITSEA were found (r=0.31 - 0.72, 0.19 - 0.70, 0.23 - 0.75, -0.74 - -0.42,P＜0.05).And the correlation coefficient r between the factors of the two scales in the total sample ranged from |0.40| to |0.61| (P<0.01).When samples above the cut-off scores was identified as social-emotional delay, the sensitivity and specificity of ASQ:SE-2 was 60.48% and 95.41%, respectively, and the percentage of the agreement between the ASQ:SE-2 and the CITSEA was 87.68%.When samples in the monitoring zone was identified as social-emotional delay, the sensitivity and specificity of ASQ:SE-2 was 76.61% and 82.80%, respectively, and the percentage of the agreement between the ASQ:SE-2 and the CITSEA was 81.43%.Exploratory factor analysis of ASQ:SE-2 showed that the factor loading of social, emotional, social-emotional scores and total scores of the questionnaires for 12-, 18-,24-, 30- and 36-month-old children ranged from 0.84 to 0.99. Conclusions ASQ:SE-2 has good validity and can be used to screen and monitor social and emotional behavior development of children in mainland China.

Association of sleep timing and sleep patterns with allergic rhinitis among Chinese adolescents

LONG Zi-chong, CHEN Yi-ting, ZHAO An-da, HUANG Li-li, XIA Yuan-qing, LYU Jia-jun, LI Sheng-hui

2022, 30(3):  254-258.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0773

Asbtract ( )   PDF (584KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the correlations of sleep timing and sleep patterns with the risk of allergic rhinitis in Chinese adolescents, in order to provide scientific reference for understanding the health effect of sleep. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to perform a cross-sectional survey among 4 932 middle school students in six administrative districts of Shanghai in 2009. The Modified Version of the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (M-ASHS) was applied to evaluate sleep-related indicators. Adolescent Behavior and Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate allergic diseases, basic personal information and environmental exposure. Logistic multivariate regression was adopted to analyze the correlations of sleep timing, sleep patterns with allergic rhinitis in adolescents. Results The overall prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis was 17.5%, of which 19.2% for males and 15.8% for females (P=0.002). After controlling for basic social-demographic characteristics, maternal variables and chronic health-behavioral problems, Logistic regression analysis showed that bedtime and sleep patterns were associated with the risk of allergic rhinitis. The risk of allergic rhinitis was increased by 30% (OR= 1.30, 95%CI: 1.06 - 1.60, P=0.013) and 28% (OR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.07 - 1.78, P=0.014) with late bedtime and late bed/late wake-up sleep pattern, respectively. After further adjustment for nocturnal sleep duration, the above effects remained significant (OR=1.40,95%CI: 1.12 - 1.75, P=0.003; OR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.11 - 1.86, P=0.006), respectively. Conclusion Late bedtime and late bed/late wake-up sleep pattern are associated with a higher risk of allergic rhinitis in adolescents, suggesting that sleep management is of great significance in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.

Characteristics and influencing factors of parent-child interaction in children with developmental language disorder

GONG Yan-hui, GUO Ling-ling, CHE Chao, CHEN Kun-ping, CHAI Run-yu, CAO Ai-hua, TONG Lian

2022, 30(3):  259-263.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0902

Asbtract ( )   PDF (616KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the characteristics of parent-child interaction in children with developmental language disorder (DLD), and to analyze the influencing factors of DLD, so as to provide basis for early clinical detection and early intervention. Methods Thirty children with DLD diagnosed in the Child Health Care Clinic of Cheeloo Hospital of Shandong University were selected into this study from January 2018 to March 2020. Meanwhile, 30 normal children who took physical examination in the Child Healthcare Clinic of Cheeloo Hospital of Shandong University and the Child Healthcare Clinic of Shandong University Central Campus Hospital were selected as control. The Chinese version of the Parent-Child Interaction Assessment Scale and video analysis were used to assess the interactive behaviors of the children and their caregivers. Results There was significant difference in the scores of parent-child interaction between the DLD group and the control group (t=4.548, P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the higher the scores of autonomy and social emotion of parent-child interaction, the higher the risk of DLD (OR=5.935, 8.833,P<0.05); While the higher the scores of empathy, respect for autonomy and the cultivation of cognitive ability in parent-child interaction, the lower the risk of DLD (OR=0.165, 0.417, 0.202, P<0.05). Higher education level of mothers (OR=0.159, 95%CI: 0.031 - 0.805), better family rearing environment (OR=0.051, 0.140) and family annual income>10⁵ yuan (OR=0.013, 95%CI: 0.033 - 0.380) were protective factors for DLD, while the daily video time＞1 h/d (OR=21.605, 95% CI: 3.214 - 145.225) was a risk factor for DLD in children. Conclusions In community primary medical institutions, children with DLD can be identified early with the help of parent-child interaction, so as to get chance for early screening and intervention. Improving family rearing environment and reducing screen time may reduce the occurrence of children's language disorder.

Correlation of motor function with muscle strength and age in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

CHEN Tu-rong, HUANG Mei-huan, CAO Jian-guo

2022, 30(3):  264-267.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0942

Asbtract ( )   PDF (461KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the correlation of motor function with muscle strength and age in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), so as to provide theoretical reference for better management of DMD. Methods DMD Children in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2017 to March 2021 were enrolled in this study, and were assessed by Motor Function Measure (MFM-32), timing tests (supine standing test, upper 4-step step test, 10 meter walk/run test), Vignos score, Brooke score and Manual Muscle Testing.Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between scores of MFM-32 and other indexes.Besides, the association of age with motor function and muscle strength was analyzed. Results A total of 140 DMD children aged 4 to 12 years were enrolled in this study, with an average age of (8.0±1.87) years old.The total score and D1 subscale of the MFM-32 were strongly correlated with muscle strength, timing test and Vignos score (r=-0.887 - 0.677,P<0.05).The score of D2 subscale was moderately correlated with timing test (r=-0.478 - -0.423,P<0.05), while the score of D3 subscale was not correlated with these measures (P＞0.05).Children's age was moderately associated with MFM-32 score, score of D1 subscale and the whole body muscle strength (r=-0.585 - -0.468,P<0.05).However, it appeared to be not correlated with the score of D2 subscale (P＞0.05), and was slightly correlated with the score of D3 subscale (r =0.317, P<0.05). Conclusions The scores of MFM-32 correlate with whole body muscle strength, timing test, Vignos score and Brooke score to different degrees, which can reflect the motor function of DMD children.The lower limb motor function of DMD children during childhood decreases significantly, and should be given priority to strengthen their lower extremity motor function and muscle strength.

Exploration of the N400 event-related potential in normal preschool children

ZHU Yi-ke, YIN Yue, LIU Si-qi, ZHANG Fan, WANG Xiao-yue, REN Yong-ying, SUN Jing, WANG Xin, WANG Lin, YANG Jian

2022, 30(3):  268-271.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-1008

Asbtract ( )   PDF (482KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the latency, waveform characteristics and development of the N400 component of event-related potential in normal preschool children, so as to provide Objective indicators for early detection of language cognitive impairment in preschool children. Methods A total of 220 normal preschool children aged 3 to 5 years who took physical examination from August 2015 to January 2020 performed sound and shadow matching tasks, and event-related potentials were tested, then the latency and amplitude of N400 in scalp electrodes F_Z, C_Z, and P_Z were recorded.The latency and amplitude of N400 in F3 and F4 were recorded in 127 cases. Results The latency of N400 in 3- to 5-year-old children showed a decreasing trend gradually with increasing age, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The amplitude of N400 showed a tendency to decrease gradually with age, and the differences was significant in F_Z and C_Z between 3-year-old children and 4-year-old children [Fz: (-10.95±9.78)μV vs.(-6.40±6.53)μV,Cz: (-12.48±9.45)μV vs.(-7.71±7.80)μV], between 3-year-old children and 5-year-old children [Fz:(-10.95±9.78)μV vs.(-7.01±7.47)μV, Cz: (-12.48±9.45)μV vs.(-7.62±7.90)μV] (P<0.05).Effects of gender and lateralization on N400 latency and amplitude in preschool children were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion The waveform of N400 is clear and stable in preschool children, with latency and amplitude changing with age.

Exploration of HbA1c threshold for the diagnosis of prediabetes in obese children

YAO Jun-qiang, DING Shu-xia, YAN Lu-lu, XIE Min, LI Hai-bo

2022, 30(3):  272-275.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0852

Asbtract ( )   PDF (598KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the optimal threshold of HbA1c in the diagnosis of prediabetes in obese children, in order to provide reference for HbA1c in the diagnosis of prediabetes in obese children in China. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.Totally 191 obese children diagnosed in the Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital were enrolled in this study from June 2018 to May 2021.Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed 8 hours after fasting, and fasting blood glucose (FPG) and 2 h post load blood glucose (2 h PG), and HbA1c were tested.According to the diagnostic criteria of the American Diabetes Association in 2020, the participants were divided into the non-prediabetes group and the prediabetes group.The level of HbA1c was compared between the two groups, and ROC curve of HbA1c for the diagnosis of prediabetes was drawn.The diagnosis value of area under curve (AUC) and the sensitivity and specificity of different thresholds were calculated, so as to reveal the optimal threshold for diagnosis. Results According to the OGTT results, children diagnosed with diabetes were excluded, then the participants were divided into two groups, with 142 in the non-prediabetes group (77.6%) and 41 in the prediabetes group (22.4%).After correcting confounding factors by propensity score matching, 100 patients were included in the model, including 63 in the non-prediabetes group and 37 in the prediabetes group.The level of HbA1c of children in non-prediabetes group [(5.52±0.34)%] was significantly lower than that in prediabetes group[(5.69±0.39)%] (t=2.247,P=0.027).ROC curve indicated that area under the curve (AUC) of HbA1c in predicting prediabetes was 0.625 with the optimal threshold of 5.45%, the corresponding sensitivity and specificity was 73.0% and 66.7%, respectively. Conclusion It is speculated that the optimal threshold value of HbA1c for the diagnosis of prediabetes in obese children is 5.45%.

Review

Research progress on the relationship between microRNA and neuropsychiatric disorders in children

ZHANG Hong-mei, JIA Mei-xiang, LI Su-shui, XUE Man, SUN Zhi-gang

2022, 30(3):  276-280.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0078

Asbtract ( )   PDF (567KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

MicroRNA is a group of short endogenous non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and play an important role in the proliferation, differentiation, synaptic formation, synaptic plasticity and apoptosis of neurons in the central nervous system.A large number of studies have confirmed that changes in the expression pattern of microRNA in different brain regions may be involved in the occurrence and development of children's neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorders.MicroRNA is expected to become a biomarker for early diagnosis and a target for the development of new drugs.

Research progress in gut microbiota and neurological disease in children

DUAN Yuan-hui, CAO Jie

2022, 30(3):  281-284.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0496

Asbtract ( )   PDF (462KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In recent years, with the development of gene sequencing technology, more and more studies have been done on gut microbiota.Each individual's gut microbiota is unique, which is similar to each person's own genes.So it can be compared to " the second fingerprint of human beings".The gut microbiota progress most rapidly in the first three years of life, when was the most critical period of brain development for infants and young children.Their microbial composition changes with age.The brain-gut axis plays an important role in the connection between the brain and the intestinal tract, and intestinal microbiota can directly or indirectly affect the brain-gut axis, thus affecting the brain function through a variety of ways.At present, there are more studies on gut microbiota in adult neurological disorders, but few studies on intestinal flora and childhood neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and adolescent depression.Therefore, this paper mainly reviews the recent research progress of intestinal microbiota and neurological disorders in children.

Application of three-dimensional motion capture technology in children's developmental coordination disorder

ZHANG Jia-jia, XU Chun-xin, DAI Xiao-tian, SHEN Min, DU Wen-chong, CAI Xian-ying, HUA Jing

2022, 30(3):  285-288.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-2105

Asbtract ( )   PDF (553KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a developmental disease with motor coordination disorder as the main manifestation.It has a high prevalence in childhood and can seriously affect the physical and mental health of children.Three-dimensional motion capture has the advantage of accurately analyzing the nuances of movements, and is used in the diagnostic intervention of DCD in European and American countries.However, this technology is currently only used for gait analysis of children with cerebral palsy in China.This study reviews the domestic and foreign literature, analyzes the research progress of 3D motion capture technology in children's DCD function evaluation and diagnostic intervention application, and explores the feasibility of its ultra-early (infant) diagnosis, so as to provide new ideas and methods for further realizing the accuracy of children's DCD diagnosis.

Research progress on pediatric obstructive sleep apnea screening scale

WANG Qi, LIU La-mei

2022, 30(3):  289-292.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-2102

Asbtract ( )   PDF (494KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is the most serious sleep apnea disease in childhood. Early screening plays a crucial role in later treatment and intervention. This review combs the common screening scales of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in pediatrics.

Application of interdisciplinary cooperation in oral health promotion in the early 1 000 days of life

YANG Ya-lan, LI Yan-hong

2022, 30(3):  293-296.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0034

Asbtract ( )   PDF (445KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Oral healthcare in the early 1 000 days of life is closely related to health.During this period, non-dental health professionals such as obstetricians, pediatricians have more opportunities to contact pregnant women and young children than dentists, and they are important implementers of oral health promotion in the early years of life across the lifespan.Dental professionals and non-dental health professionals need to undertake the important task of oral health integration through the cooperation.In this article, the significance and current status of interdisciplinary cooperation in oral health promotion in the early 1 000 days of life are reviewed from the perspective of the importance of oral health care in the 1 000 days of early life, the current status of oral health care in home and abroad, the roles and responsibilities of non-dental professionals in oral health promotion, and the interdisciplinary education model to help interdisciplinary cooperation.

Progress of family factors and functional constipation in children

NIU Yu-shuo, LI Kui-nan, SUN Meng-ke, SUN Ya-ru, WANG Xin, YANG Xiu-ling

2022, 30(3):  297-300.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0091

Asbtract ( )   PDF (532KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Functional constipation is the most common functional gastrointestinal disease in children, with the prevalence of 9.5% in children all over the world.Its occurrence is affected by many factors, of which a significant factor is family.This paper reviews studies on the relationship between children functional constipation and family factor from demography, parenting behavior and psychological factors, in order to provide reference for reducing the prevalence of functional constipation and improving constipation symptoms.

Meta Analysis

Meta-analysis on the association between brain derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met gene polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

CHEN Wen-cai, ZUO Fei-yan, WAN Ying, WANG Mei-ling

2022, 30(3):  301-305.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-1952

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1934KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the association between brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDFN) Val66Met gene polymorphism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in order to provide clues for research on genetic etiology of ADHD. Methods The CNKI, WanFang, PubMed, EMbase and Web of Science databases were conducted to collect published case-control studies on the association between Val66Met and ADHD from establishment to April 2020.Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of included studies.RevMan 5.3 and Stata 11.0 software then were used to perform meta-analysis. Results Totally 9 articles were included with 8 458 samples (including 4 247 cases and 4 211 controls).Meta-analysis indicated that rs6265 was not associated with the susceptibility to ADHD (dominant gene model: OR=0.96, 95%CI:0.87 - 1.06, P=0.40 ; recessive model: OR=1.01, 95%CI:0.88 - 1.15, P=0.92; additive model: OR=0.95,95%CI:0.85 - 1.08,P=0.45). Conclusion The polymorphism of BDNF Val66Met gene is not associated with susceptibility to ADHD.

Clinical Research

Comparative study of DSM-Ⅳ and DSM-5 in diagnosing children's attention deficit hyperactivity disorders

LIU Rui, WANG Yan, JIANG Yan-rui, BAI Hua, ZHANG Rui-fang

2022, 30(3):  306-309.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0102

Asbtract ( )   PDF (917KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To compare the similarities and differences in the diagnosis of children's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) between Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-Ⅳ) and fifth edition (DSM-5), so as to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Methods From November 2013 to March 2014, all children suspected with ADHD who visited the developmental behavioral pediatric ADHD clinic of Shanghai Children's Medical Center were selected.All children were diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅳ and DSM-5, and were divided into three subtypes of attention deficit type, hyperactivity/impulse type and mixed type ADHD according to their symptoms.The clinical efficacy between the two methods was compared. Result The diagnostic rates of all children suspected with ADHD and the subtypes of ADHD between DSM-Ⅳ and DSM-5 were highly consistent, and the positive rate of diagnosis had no significant difference (χ²=0.881,P=0.076). Conclusions DSM-5 is highly consistent with DSM-Ⅳ in diagnosing each type of ADHD.And DSM-5 is more appropriate for diagnosing ADHD by specifying the items and ages.

Correlation of serum neurokinin B and Kisspeptin expressions with bone age index in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty

PEI Dan, ZHANG Yun-ling

2022, 30(3):  310-313.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0421

Asbtract ( )   PDF (509KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the changes in serum levels of neurokinin B (NKB) and neuropeptide (Kisspeptin) in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP), and to analyze the correlation with the bone age index, so as to provide reference for assessing the development of these children and the efficacy of treatment. Methods A total of 89 cases of ICPP girls treated in Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2017 to May 2019 were enrolled in this study, and meanwhile 90 healthy girls were selected as the control group.The levels of serum NKB, Kisspeptin, hormone, bone age and bone age index (BAI) of the participants were detected.The changes of the indicators were compared before and after treatment.Pearson analysis was used to analyze the correlation among serum NKB, Kisspeptin levels and BAI in girls with ICPP before treatment.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of bone age index (bone development). Results Compared with those in the control group, the bone age, BAI, uterine volume, serum estrogen, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, NKB and Kisspeptin levels were significantly increased in ICPP group (t=14.245, 22.089, 8.321, 18.619, 27.727, 14.241, 28.152,17.655,9.668, P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum NKB and Kisspeptin levels were positively correlated with BAI (r=0.591, 0.634, P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that NKB(OR=2.009, 95%CI:1.105 - 3.654, P=0.038) and Kisspeptin(OR=1.859, 95%CI:1.341 - 2.578, P=0.017) are factors that affect bone age index (bone development).Compared with those before treatment, the levels of serum estrogen, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, NKB, Kisspeptin and BAI in ICPP girls were significantly decreased after treatment (t=14.367, 22.482, 9.465, 23.807, 13.664, 8.642, 7.100, P<0.05). Conclusions The serum levels of NKB and Kisspeptin in ICPP girls are increasing, which is related to the patient's bone age index and can be used as markers to assess the sexual development of ICPP girls and the effect of treatment.

Association of disease control with family function, self-management and perceived stress in adolescent children with asthma

ZHANG Yu, XIE Xiao-min, MA Tian, TONG Hai-xia, WANG Lei, LI Ge, YU Xia, SHANG Lei, JIANG Xun

2022, 30(3):  314-318.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-1385

Asbtract ( )   PDF (622KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the association of disease control with family function, self-management and perceived stress in adolescent children with asthma, so as to provide theoretical basis for the formulation of targeted intervention programs. Methods The adolescent children with asthma who saw a doctor in the Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University from August 2020 to July 2021 were selected as the study subjects by a convenience sampling method.The General Information Questionnaire, Childhood Asthma Control Test Questionnaire, Family Assessment Device, Management Scale for Asthmatic Children, and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale were used to conduct questionnaire survey.The multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of disease control in adolescent children with asthma. Results The average score of disease control in 372 adolescent children with asthma was (22.97±3.72) points, and the complete control rate was 40.32% (150/272).The results of multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that gender, school residence, asthma control management training, duration of illness, family history of asthma, family function, self-management and perceived stress were the main influencing factors of disease control in adolescent children with asthma (β=-0.054,-0.045, 0.057, 0.069,-0.065,-0.164, 0.351,-0.373, P＜0.05, R²=0.890). Conclusions The disease control level of adolescent children with asthma needs to be improved.Pediatric medical staff should carry out targeted interventions based on the characteristics of different influencing factors to improve the disease control level of children and promote disease recovery.

Status and influencing factors of visual health of 2 036 children and adolescents in Songjiang District, Shanghai

TANG Min-hua, ZHAO Gen-ming, JIANG Yong-gen, ZHU Hong, LI Yong-mei, CHEN Ni-er, HE Yu-ping, YAO Chun-xia

2022, 30(3):  319-324.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0595

Asbtract ( )   PDF (610KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the current situation of visual health of children and adolescents in the primary, junior, and high schools in Shanghai Songjiang District in 2020, and to analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide guidance for the timely intervention of children and adolescents with poor vision. Methods From September to December in 2020, 7 schools in Shanghai Songjiang District were randomly selected as vision monitoring sites to check naked distal vision and the dilated refractive status under non-cycloplegia, including 2 primary schools, 2 junior high schools, and 3 high schools. A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 036 students to conduct a questionnaire survey. Then the influencing factors of poor eyesight were analyzed. Results Among 2 036 students, there were 1 381(67.83%) students with poor eyesight and 1 111(54.57%) students with myopia. The rates of myopia in primary school junior high school, and high school students were 25.40%, 73.44% and 88.99%, respectively. With the higher of grade, the rate of myopia increased continuously and the linear trend was significant (Z=26.204, P<0.001). Students have many bad habits of using eyes, such as using eyes too close, using eyes for a long time, not positively taking rest and so on. Multivariate analysis showed that female (OR=1.354,95%CI:1.116 - 1.642), myopia of parents (OR=1.470, 95%CI:1.207 - 1.790), and longer time for doing homework (OR=2.903, 95%CI:2.080 - 4.050) were risk factors for poor vision, while outdoor exercise(OR=0.678, 95%CI:0.533 - 0.863) and rest after continuous eye use for 30~40 min(OR=0.686, 95%CI:0.511 - 0.920) were protective factors. Conclusions The rates of poor vision and myopia in children and adolescents in Shanghai Songjiang district are relatively high, which was closely related to the habits and duration of using eyes. It is necessary to increase children and adolescents'outdoor exercise time, to strengthen eye hygiene and health education, and to take regular vision examination and early interventions.

Regulatory mechanism of hBD2 and ARGs genes on angiogenesis in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and its correlation with lung development markers

HUI Xiao-jun, QI Yu-min, WANG Pin, CHEN Ke-yun, WANG Yan

2022, 30(3):  325-329.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0443

Asbtract ( )   PDF (804KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the regulatory mechanism of recombinant human β defensin-2 (hBD2) and angiogenesis-related genes(ARGs) on angiogenesis in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and to analyze their correlation with lung development markers. Methods A total of 56 children with BPD in Nanyang Central Hospital from January 2018 to November 2020 were selected as the observation group.And 56 children with healthy physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group according to the 1∶1 matching principle based on age and gender.The serum levels of hBD2 and ARGs[thrombin sensitive protein-1 (THBS-1) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)] were compared between the two groups, as well as the levels of angiogenesis indexes [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Angiopoietin (Ang-1)] and lung development markers [kerbs von lungren 6 antigen (KL-6), serum Clara cell secretion protein (CC16)] in children with different serum hBD2 and ARGs levels.The relationship between serum hBD2, THBS-1, TGF-β1 and VEGF, Ang-1, KL-6, CC16 was analyzed, and the value of serum hBD2, ARGs in the diagnosis of BPD was evaluated. Results Serum hBD2 level in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and THBS-1 and TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=6.888, 9.505, 9.065, P＜0.05).VEGF, Ang-1 and CC16 levels in children with low serum hBD2 level were significantly lower than those with high hBD2 level, and KL-6 level was higher than those with high hBD2 level (t=6.596, 4.389, 4.635, 4.248, P＜0.05).The serum levels of VEGF, Ang-1 and CC16 in children with low levels of THBS-1 and TGF-β1 were higher than those with high levels, and KL-6 level was lower than those with high levels of THBS-1 and TGF-β1 (THBS-1:t=5.671, 3.683, 4.193, 3.296, P＜0.05; TGF-β1: t=6.200, 3.721, 3.970, 3.808, P＜0.05).Serum hBD2 level was positively correlated with VEGF, Ang-1, CC16, and negatively correlated with KL-6.THBS-1 and TGF-β1 levels were negatively correlated with VEGF, Ang-1, CC16, and positively correlated with KL-6 (P＜0.05).The AUC of serum hBD2, THBS-1, and TGF-β1 alone in the diagnosis of BPD were 0.788, 0.857 and 0.805, respectively.And the AUC of the combined diagnosis of BPD was 0.931, with the sensitivity of 94.64% and the specificity of 87.50%. Conclusions hBD2 and ARGs are involved in the angiogenesis process of children with BPD and have a certain correlation with lung development markers.Monitoring hBD2 and ARGs can provide evidence for evaluating the angiogenesis and the degree of lung development in children with BPD, and help guide clinical protection measures to improve the prognosis of the disease.

Experience Exchange

Related factors of recurrent respiratory tract infection in preschool children

HE Jia, LI Meng-qi, LI Xue-ning, LIU Ying

2022, 30(3):  330-334.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-1400

Asbtract ( )   PDF (558KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) in preschool children, so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of RRTI. Methods Children aged 3 to 6 years with RRTI hospitalized in the second Department of Pediatrics of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from December 2017 to December 2019 were selected, and the corresponding control group was matched according to age and sex.With the informed consent of parents, a questionnaire survey was conducted by voluntary participation.After all survey data were verified to be valid, SPSS 22.0 software was used for unified data entry and data analysis. Results A total of 275 children were investigated, including 137 children in the case group (49.8%) and 138 children in the control group (50.2%).There were 131(47.6%) boys and 144(52.4%) girls.The proportions of children aged 3, 4, 5, 6 years were 35.3% (97/275), 27.6% (76/275), 23.3% (64/275) and 13.8% (38/275), respectively.Univariate analysis showed the influencing factors related to RRTI included house decoration for the past year, keeping pets, paternal smoking, maternal illness during pregnancy, premature, washing hands before meals, picky eating (χ²=11.434、27.934、7.291、6.023、5.824、11.112、16.569,P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that maternal illness during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for RRTI in children (OR=5.023, 95%CI: 1.084 - 23.273, P<0.05).Interaction analysis of influencing factors indicated that there was an interaction between paternal smoking and renovation in the past year (OR=18.660, 95%CI: 1.555 - 223.961, P<0.05). Conclusion Maternal illness during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for RRTI in children.Paternal smoking and house decoration for the past year can interact with each other to increase the risk of children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.

Relationship between serum high mobility group box-1 protein, soluble cluster differentiation 163 levels andfractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration and severity of bronchiolitis in children

TAO Feng-jiao, WEN Hang-wei, LIU Zuo-jiao

2022, 30(3):  335-338.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0043

Asbtract ( )   PDF (604KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the relationship between serum high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), soluble cluster differentiation 163(sCD163) levels andfractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO) concentration and disease severity in children with bronchiolitis, and to analyze the diagnostic value of serum HMGB1 and sCD163 for bronchiolitis in children. Methods A total of 76 children with bronchiolitis for the first time in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University from September 2018 to September 2019 were selected into the study group, including mild group(n=23), moderate group(n=31) and severe group (n=22).At the same time, 50 healthy children at the same age were selected into the control group.Serum levels of HMGB1 and sCD163 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, FeNO concentration was measured by off-line tidal exhalation.Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between serum HMGB1, sCD163 levels and FeNO concentration in children with bronchiolitis.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) was used to evaluate the predictive value of serum HMGB1 and sCD163 levels in children with bronchiolitis. Results The levels of HMGB1 and sCD163 in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=8.927, 8.442, P<0.001).With the severity of bronchiolitis aggravating, the levels of serum HMGB1, sCD163 and FeNO became higher (F=67.908, 96.412, 23.390, P<0.001).Pearson results showed that serum HMGB1 and sCD163 levels were positively correlated with FeNO concentration in children with bronchiolitis (r=0.674,0.680, P<0.001).ROC results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of serum HMGB1 and sCD163 in the diagnosis of bronchiolitis was 0.849 (95%CI:0.775 - 0.897) and 0.863 (95%CI:0.802—0.906), respectively.The AUC of combined diagnosis was 0.925 (95% CI:0.870 - 0.968).Serum HMGB1 and sCD163 levels were positively correlated with the number of wheezing during follow-up (r=0.614, 0.672, P<0.001). Conclusion The levels of serum HMGB1 and sCD163 in children with bronchiolitis are positively correlated with FeNO concentration and severity of disease, which may be used as potential biological indicators to predict the occurrence, development and prognosis of bronchiolitis.

Appropriate Technology

Design and application of abdominal muscle strength trainer in children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy

SONG Fu-xiang, KONG Xiang-ying, GUO Jin, LIN Ping, ZHANG Peng, LI Xin

2022, 30(3):  339-342.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2021-0554

Asbtract ( )   PDF (616KB) ( )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To design an abdominal muscle strength trainer, and to observe its clinical efficacy in children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy (CP). Methods An abdominal muscle strength trainer was designed, consisting of three important parts: a seat plate, a base plate and a back training plate. Forty spastic diplegia CP children were enrolled in this study from January 2018 to December 2019, and were randomly divided into observation group (n=20) and control group (n=20). All children were treated with routine rehabilitation training with the frequency of once a day, 5 d/week. The control group received conventional rehabilitation, while the observation group received abdominal muscle strength trainer exercise training for 5 - 10 min per day. Children in both groups were assessed with manual muscle testing at the beginning and at the end of the three months of treatment course. Results After three-month treatment, MMT scores of children in both groups were improved significantly than those before training (t=2.517, 7.768, 2.179, 8.718, P＜0.05).MMT scores of children in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=3.454, 2.886, P＜0.01). Conclusions The abdominal muscle strength trainer is easy and safe for children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy to use, and it can significantly improve the rehabilitation efficacy.