Abstract: Objective To investigate current status of dietary intake of children and adolescents in Beijing, and to assess its association with body fat, so as to provide evidence for making scientific strategies for children's dietary management. Methods A total of 14 945 children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years were selected from 30 schools in Miyun, Tongzhou, Fangshan and Dongcheng districts of Beijing by using a stratified cluster sampling method from November 2017 to January 2018, including 7 483 (50.1%) boys. The survey contents included questionnaire survey (general demographic characteristics, life behavior variables, socioeconomic variables, etc.) and Physical examination (height, weight measurement and body fat test). According to the 2010 American Heart Association Criteria, the status of dietary was categorized as poor, intermediate and ideal. Results The proportions of children and adolescents with ideal, intermediate and poor dietary status were 19.4%, 52.8% and 27.8%, respectively. Fat mass index and fat mass percentage decreased with poor to ideal dietary status after adjusting for confounding factors (β=-0.081, -0.286, P_trend<0.05). Conclusions The dietary status of children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years in Beijing is not optimistic, and poor dietary status may affect fat accumulation among children. Therefore, targeted dietary guidance should be put forward at family, school and social levels to reduce the risk of obesity in children and adolescents.

Key words: adolescents, dietary status, body fat, obesity, children

摘要： 目的 了解北京地区儿童青少年膳食摄入现状,并评估其与身体脂肪的关联,为制定科学的儿童膳食策略提供依据。 方法 2017年11月—2018年1月,采用分层整群抽样,抽取北京密云、通州、房山和东城4个区的30所中小学校共14 945名6~16岁儿童作为研究对象,其中,男童7 483名,占50.1%。调查内容包括问卷调查(一般人口学特征、生活行为及社会经济学等)和体格检查(身高、体重以及身体脂肪)。参照2010年“美国心脏协会标准”,将儿童膳食状况分为差、一般、理想3个水平。 结果 被调查儿童膳食状况为理想、一般和差的比例分别为19.4%、52.8%和27.8%,且调整混杂因素后,随着膳食状况由差到理想,所有被调查儿童的体脂肪指数和体脂率呈下降趋势(β=-0.081、-0.286,P_趋势＜0.05)。 结论 北京市儿童青少年膳食状况不容乐观,不良膳食状况可导致儿童脂肪蓄积。应在家庭、学校及社会多个层面提出有针对性的膳食指导,降低儿童青少年肥胖发生风险。

关键词: 青少年, 膳食状况, 身体脂肪, 肥胖, 儿童