Abstract: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a common neuropsychological disorder in children, which is mainly manifested by defects in executive function such as inhibition, refresh, and conversion. Many studies have shown that exercise intervention, as an emerging treatment modality, can replace medication and psycho-behavioral interventions, and have a positive effect on ADHD children, improving their executive functions such as refreshment, conversion and inhibition. Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) and event-related potentials(ERP), two commonly used neuroimaging techniques, are important methods for studying ADHD in the completion of various cognitive processing activities and for comparing differences in brain regions and potentials. It has been shown that exercise interventions can activate brain areas closely related to executive functions such as the frontal lobe, bilateral parietal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus and cerebellum in ADHD children, effectively improving the latency and amplitude of the N2 and P3 components of the ERP in ADHD children, promoting the improvement of executive functions in ADHD children and consequently improving their clinical symptoms such as cognitive performance, memory, learning difficulties and emotional abnormalities. Both fMRI and ERP techniques have their own drawbacks and shortcomings. In future research, multimodal neuroimaging studies and emerging technologies can be used to improve the diagnosis and intervention of brain dysfunction in children with ADHD, to investigate and intervene on the neurophysiological mechanisms of children with ADHD as a whole, and to further explore the etiology and intervention methods of ADHD.

Key words: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, executive function, functional magnetic resonance imaging, event-related potentials, exercise

摘要： 注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童常见的神经心理行为障碍,主要表现为抑制、刷新、转换等执行功能的缺陷。诸多研究表明运动干预作为一种新兴的治疗方式可以替代药物治疗和心理行为干预,对ADHD儿童产生积极作用,改善其刷新、转换、抑制等执行功能。功能性磁共振成像技术(fMRI)和事件相关电位(ERP)技术做为常用的两种神经影像学技术,是研究ADHD在完成各种认知加工活动和进行脑区及电位差异对比时的重要方法。已有研究表明运动干预可以激活ADHD儿童额叶、双侧顶叶、颞叶、海马、小脑等与执行功能密切相关的脑区,有效改善ADHD儿童ERP成分中N2、P3等成分的潜伏期和波幅,促进ADHD儿童执行功能的改善,进而改善其认知能力、记忆能力、学习障碍、情绪异常等临床症状。fMRI和ERP技术均有各自的缺点和不足,在未来的研究中,可以使用多模态神经影像学研究和新兴技术来提高ADHD儿童脑功能障碍的诊断和干预效果,对ADHD儿童的神经生理机制进行整体的研究和干预,深入探索ADHD的病因和干预方法。

关键词: 注意缺陷多动障碍, 执行功能, 功能性磁共振成像技术, 事件相关电位, 运动干预