Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the temperamental characteristics of the preschool children with emotional disorder. 【Method】 116 cases with emotional disorders (including separation anxiety, specific phobia, social anxiety) and 116 well-matched normal children were estimated by Chinese preschool children temperament scale. 【Results】 There were significant differences in the temperamental distribution between the children with emotional disorder and normal controls, and the difficult temperament and slow-to-warm-up temperament were more distributed in the children with emotional disorder comparing with normal controls (P<0.01). Children with emotional disorder showed higher(P<0.01) subscale scores in two factors of quality of mood and approach and withdrawal. And there were higher(P<0.01)subscale scores of approach and withdrawal in the children with specific phobia, separation anxiety or social anxiety respectively comparing with normal controls. 【Conclusions】 The temperament of preschool children with emotional disorder showed peculiar characteristics. And the factor about approaching and withdrawal shows a better response of behavioral inhibition, which may be acted as an predictor for emotional problems.

Key words: emotional disorders, temperament, preschool children

摘要： 【目的】 了解学龄前儿童不同情绪问题的气质特征。 【方法】 采用儿童气质量表对116名情绪问题儿童(包括特殊恐怖,社交退缩,分离焦虑)与116名正常对照儿童进行测查。 【结果】 情绪问题组与对照组气质类型分布差异有统计学意义,情绪问题组中麻烦型和缓慢型的比例明显比正常对照组的高(P<0.01)。情绪问题组在趋避性和情绪本质两个维度的得分与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。特殊恐惧、社交退缩和分离焦虑三种情绪问题在趋避性这一个维度评分与对照组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。 【结论】 情绪问题儿童气质有其独特性。趋避性因子能够较好的反应行为抑制的气质特征,对情绪问题发生的有预测作用。

关键词: 情绪问题, 气质, 学龄前儿童