Abstract: Objective To compare the parenting stress differences between the preschool children with and without anxiety, analyz the relationship between parenting stress in parents and anxiety in preschool children, to provide scientific basis for prevention and intervention of preschool children's anxiety. Methods A sample of 326 children aged 3~6 were selected from Harbin.Parents were invited to complete the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) and Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Results The proportion of preschool children with anxiety in this surveyed sample was 6.13%, and there was no difference between genders (χ²=2.511, P＞0.05).The rate of higher level parenting stress was 32.5%.The rate of higher level parenting stress was in preschool children with anxiety than without anxiety (χ²=17.53, P＜0.05).Total stress score and each of three scales stress score were higher in preschool children with anxiety than without anxiety (P＜0.05).The scores of parental stress, parent-child dysfunctional interaction and difficult child were positively related with each of dimensions of PAS (P＜0.05). Conclusions Parents of preschool children with anxiety have more parenting stress.The anxiety problem is correlated with parenting stress in preschool children.

Key words: anxiety, parenting stress, preschool children

摘要： 目的 比较焦虑的学龄前儿童与正常的学龄前儿童的父母亲职压力的差异, 探讨学龄前儿童焦虑问题与父母亲职压力之间的关系, 为预防和干预学龄前儿童焦虑提供科学的依据。方法 采取整群抽样的方法, 对哈尔滨市的326名3~6岁学龄前儿童, 以Spence学龄前儿童焦虑量表中文版和亲职压力量表简表对学龄前儿童母亲进行问卷调查。结果 在所调查的样本中有焦虑情绪的学龄前儿童占所调查人数的6.13%, 男女之间差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.511, P＞0.05)。承受着较高水平的亲职压力的发生率为32.5%。学龄前儿童存在焦虑问题的父母较高水平的亲职压力检出率明显高于非焦虑学龄前儿童的父母(χ²=17.53, P＜0.05)。焦虑组儿童父母亲职压力总分、各分量表得分均显著高于非焦虑儿童(P＜0.05)。进一步的相关分析显示:学龄前儿童父母亲职压力量表中亲职愁苦、亲子互动失调、困难儿童三个分量表的得分与幼儿焦虑各维度得分均呈正相关(P＜0.05)。结论 焦虑的学龄前儿童父母存在较高水平的亲职压力, 学龄前儿童焦虑问题与父母亲职压力水平之间存在正相关关系。

关键词: 焦虑, 亲职压力, 学龄前儿童