Table of Content

05 March 2014, Volume 22 Issue 3

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Development and psychometric analysis of the Infant Sociality Performance Questionnaire.

JIANG Lan, YAN Shuang-qin, WANG Xiao-yan, HAO Jia-hu, CAO Hui, XU Ye-qing, TAO Fang-biao.

2014, 22(3):  231-235. 

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Objective To develop and validate a parent-completed Infant Sociality Performance Questionnaire suitable for primary care physicians. Methods A pool of items was created by literature review, Delphi technique, and so on.The original questionnaire was applied in 1 200 normal infants.The final questionnaire was determined through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).Eighty infants were re-tested with the questionnaire after three to five days. Results The test-retest reliability of 3-month questionnaire, 6-month questionnaire, 9-month questionnaire, 12-month questionnaire were 0.746, 0.773, 0.916 and 0.782 respectively;their inter-rater reliability were 0.719, 0.728, 0.943 and 0.790 respectively;their cronbach's α coefficient were 0.595, 0.607, 0.625 and 0.624 respectively.The Results of factor analysis of 3-month questionnaire, 6-month questionnaire, 9-month questionnaire and 12-month questionnaire showed that 1 common factors, 3 common factors, 3 common factors and 2 common factors were abstracted respectively, and the cumulative variance contribution rate were 80.1%, 51.2%, 46.4% and 40.8%.CFA Results provided support for the models.The difference among scores of infant sociality performance questionnaire of infants from different groups was significant, which provides evidence for good discriminant validity. Conclusion The structure of the questionnaire is clear, and it bears satisfactory psychometric properties suggesting that this instrument could be served as a developmental screening tool for infant.

Clinical tracking study of early intervention on healthy personality development in infants.

HE Shu-hua, GAO Jian-hui, DENG Cheng, GU Li-ping, HE Wan-yi, SHI Yu-qi, LI Jing, ZHANG Cui-mei, LIAO Yan, YE Chun-hong, WU Tao, FENG Hua-jun, ZHOU Jing, BAO Xiu-lan.

2014, 22(3):  236-238. 

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Objective To explore the effects of early intervention on healthy personality development in infants and the evidence for optimized nurture and education. Methods A total of 88 newborns who were born from September to December 2007 in Zhongshan city and took periodic medical examinations in Boai Hospital of Zhongshan City were chosen and randomly assigned to early intervention group (46 cases) and control group (42 cases).Regular follow-up and general parenting guidance were performed for both groups.In addition to common health guidance, individualized instructions of healthy personality and training courses for parents were organized by well-trained professionals for early intervention group.The standard instruments used to assess the effect of intervention were Temperament Questionnaire (1~4 months old and 2.5~3 years old), Personality Tendency Scale for Children (PTSC) (2.5~3 years old), Achenbach Children Behavior Check list (CBCL) and Children′s Developmental Center of China (CDCC). Results The mean scores of PTSC (t=4.276, P<0.001), CDCC (Mental Development Index, t=4.775, P<0.01; Psychomotive Development Index, t=2.559, P<0.05) and Temperament (χ²=17.636, P=0.001) in the intervention group were significantly better than those in control group. Conclusion Early intervention can significantly promote the formation of a healthy personality of early childhood; it is a golden stage to cultivate infants' healthy personality in 0～3 years old.

Factors associated with infant's cognitive development.

LI Jie, JIANG Yan-rui, WANG Chao-xia, CHEN Wei-bing, XU Xiao-juan, SUN Wan-qi, WANG Yan, ZHANG Yi-wen, JIANG Fan.

2014, 22(3):  239-241. 

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Objective To investigate factors associated with infant's cognitive development. Methods One urban hospital as well as one rural hospital in Shandong provinces were randomly selected, involved in the survey during December 2012 to March 2013.Total 118 infants aged 2~30 months were recruited.Parents were asked to fill out the Shanghai Children's Medical Center socio-demographic questionnaire.The Bayley Scales of Infant Development I was conducted to each participated child. Results The mean age of infants was (12.52±7.94) months, boys accounted for 55.9%, urban infants accounted for 47.5%.The mean Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) score were 109.97±16.88 and 108.18±13.76 separately.Age, location, the communication time of family members apart from mother with infants, mother's education levels were significantly associated with infant's MDI while birth weight, location, mother's education were significantly related to PDI. Conclusion Socio-demographic factors such as mother's education level, location, communication time of family members with infants are significantly associated with infant's cognitive development, it's necessary to monitor and pay more attention to infants whose mothers are in lower education level as well as rural infants.

Survey of infants social cognitive development status and its influencing factors in Huangpu District community of Guangzhou.

XIAN Dan-xia, JIN Yu, FENG Su-e, LIN Mei-ying, DENG Ming-qun, LIU Ying-xin, TANG Han-mei, TAN Jiao-min, CHEN Qiu-zhe, SONG Jia-yin, ZHAO Ping, YU Mei-qiao, ZHANG Wen.

2014, 22(3):  242-244. 

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Objective To learn infants social cognitive development status and its influencing factors in Huangpu District community of Guangzhou. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 450 children aged 6~36 months were selected from 3 community health service centers of Huangpu District in Guangzhou City, who were screened with the Screening Scale of Social Cognitive Development of infants and young children and the self-designed questionnaire to get the status and related factors. Result 1)The percentage of screened positive for infants social cognitive development was 5.6%.The sex ratio of male to female was 1∶1.The social cognitive backward mainly distributed in motor development, adaptive behavior and language development(P＜0.001).2) Parents little time to spend with their children every day (＜4 h), the bad mood of the mother during pregnancy and father introverted were influencing factors to social cognitive development behind in infants. Conclusions Backward situation of social cognitive development of infants is not uncommon so that we should pay attention to it in community work.At the same time, the influencing factors may provide targeted recommendations for community health services.

Positive effects of feedback family intervention on language and cognitive development in infants and toddlers.

XU Xiao-juan, MAO Hong-mei, JIANG Fan, Jill Gilkerson, Dong-xin Xu, XIN Yi, XIAO Lei, ZHANG Yi-wen.

2014, 22(3):  245-247. 

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Objective To investigate the effects of feedback family intervention on language and cognitive development in infants and toddlers and to explore the feasibility and parental acceptance of the intervention. Methods A total of 22 typical families/children(4~30 months) were targeted in the study.Bayley Scales of Infant Development-I (BSID) was used to assess language and cognitive development of children at baseline and the end of intervention. Results After 6 months intervention, more than 90% of parents found the LENA recordings were easy to be operated and didn't disturb their daily life.Parent trainings were the most effective method within all intervention, LENA recordings were less effective than parent training.Adult-child conversational turns (CT) increased 9% by the first month, then 6% by the first 3 months of intervention.CT was increased 34% by the first month and 26% by the first three months in the lower half of the sample.After 6 months intervention, Bayley mental development index(MDI) increased 19.69±16.91 (P<0.001). Conclusions LENA as an evaluation tool can reflect parent-child interaction objectively.The feedback family intervention has good feasibility and parental acceptance, and can promote child language and cognitive development.

Shanghai preschool children's mental health problems and related risk factors.

SUN Li-jing, JIANG Yan-rui, YANG You, CHENG Wen-hong, HE Yan-ling, JIANG Fan, SHEN Xiao-ming.

2014, 22(3):  248-251. 

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Objective To examine the general situation of the common mental health problems in preschool children of Shanghai and to study the risk factors related to preschool children's mental health problems. Methods The Chinese version of the parent-reported Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered to the parents of a representative sample of 2 073 children aged 4~6 years old.The response rate was 81.1%.Three scoring Methods were performed and examined their association with socio-demographic data. Results A total of 21.1% of preschoolers were classified as "borderline or abnormal" in the total difficulties score.Analyses of variance showed significant effects for SES, children's relationship with parents, and parent's relationship marital.The mean peer problem scores of this sample were clearly differed from the data of western countries.The proportion of "borderline or abnormal" in peer relationship problems was 40.5%, which was much higher than the Results of other countries. Conclusions The present study showed that prevalence rates of mental problems in Shanghai preschool children are mostly in line with other published findings of the developed countries except the rate of "borderline or abnormal" in the peer problem is much higher..And the parent-child relationship is one of the most important factors related to children's mental health problems.

Role of Test of Infant Motor Performance in premature evaluation in corrected gestational aged 8~9 and 12~13 weeks.

HE Li, SHAO Dong-dong, DU Hui-ying, CHEN Yan-ni.

2014, 22(3):  252-254. 

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Objective To access the relation between the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) and the gross motor quotient of Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS), and to compare with the American's TIMP standard. Methods A total of 30 cases of preterm were recruited in this study.Subjects were tested with the TIMP and the GDS in corrected gestational aged 8~9 and 12~13 weeks.Raw scores of TIMP were divided into average, below average, far below average.And gross motor quotient of GDS was divided into normal, critical level, developmental delay.Correlation between TIMP and gross motor quotient of GDS was analyzed.The raw scores of TIMP between this research and the American's standard were also compared. Results In both 8~9 weeks and 12~13 weeks after corrected gestational age, TIMP scores showed highly significant correlation with the gross motor quotient of GDS(r=0.533 and 0.567, P＜0.01).In both 8~9 weeks and 12~13 weeks, raw scores of TIMP of this study were 77±18 and 98±18, which were smaller than American's standards (93±18 and 108±19). Conclusion TIMP can be applied to access babies who were corrected the gestational aged 8~9 weeks and 12~13 weeks.There are significant differences between this study and American's standard.

Short-term longitudinal study on relationship between leisure activities and mood states of students of first grade junior middle school.

HU Bing-zheng.

2014, 22(3):  255-257. 

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Objective To explore the latent cause relationship between leisure activities participation and mood states of first grade junior middle school students. Methods Based on short-term longitudinal study, a sample of 200 students of first grade junior middle school completed the profiles of mood states scale(POMS) and a self-designed questionnaire of adolescents' leisure activities, and they were re-tested after one and half month.Data were analyzed by correlation analysis and cross-lagged regression analysis. Results To first grade middle school students, pre-test scores of general leisure participant could significantly predict post-test scores of vigor and self-esteem, however pre-test scores of vigor and self-esteem couldn't predict post-test scores of general leisure participant significantly.Scores in pre-test of participation in activities of fitness exercise, singing and dancing and shopping could significantly predict post-test sore of self-esteem, however, pre-test score of self-esteem could not predict post-test scores of the three activities above significantly. Conclusion Leisure participant has significant effects on positive moods of first grade middle school students.

Preliminary study on maternal speech style in early parent-child interactions.

LU Shan, SI Chen, WANG Zheng-yan, ZUO Yu-ting, HU Ruo-shi.

2014, 22(3):  258-260. 

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Objective To explore maternal speech style and the influencing factors. Method Maternal speech style was coded with two dimensions of the level of the pragmatic and the level of the interactivity from the video of mother-infant dyads (n=30) over 9.5 to 17 months of age. Results The majority of mothers(42.4%) usually used mandatory language and more likely to use the imperative sentence and simple repeated statements; Chinese mothers (77.2%) used more mother-focused speech; According to the Results of cluster analysis, the maternal speech style could be divided into four types:high level of using language and high level of interaction (13.3%), low level of pragmatic and high level of interaction (16.7%), high level of pragmatic and low level of interaction (13.3%), low level of pragmatic and low level of interaction (56.7%). Conclusion Family socioeconomic status is related to the maternal speech style.

Affective priming effect of 12~16 year-old children with autism spectrum disorders for facial expression recognition.

QIU Tian-long, DU Xiao-xin, SUN Ye, XIAO Ju-ying.

2014, 22(3):  261-263. 

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Objective To explore the impact of facial expression recognition characteristic and affective priming of children with autism spectrum disorders to their facial expression recognition. Method The facial expression recognition rate under different priming conditions with a 4 × 3 repeated measures analysis of variance were analyzed, with combinations of pictures and sound as the affective priming stimuli, with emoticons as the target stimuli. Results There were significant differences in the facial expression recognition of children with autism spectrum disorders among the four expressions which were happy, sad, anger and fear (P＜0.01).No significant difference was found in the recognition rate between no priming and positive priming for the four expressions (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the recognition rate between no priming and negative priming for happy and sad (P>0.05), the recognition rate of no priming was higher than that of negative priming for anger and fear. Conclusions The expression recognition of children with autism spectrum disorders for happy and sad were better than that for anger and fear.No priming effect had been happened for happy and sad expression recognition.Negative priming effect had been produced for anger and fear expression recognition, but not positive priming effect.

Association study of the IMMP2L and DOCK4 genes polymorphisms with autism in Chinese Han population.

ZOU Ming-yang, LIANG Shuang, GAO Jing-quan, ZHOU Yan-juan, HAO Yan-qiu, WANG Xue-lai, WU Li-jie.

2014, 22(3):  264-267. 

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Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IMMP2L and DOCK4 genes and childhood autism. Methods A total of 375 Chinese Han autism families (parent-parent-child trios) were recruited for this study.SNPS were genotyped using the SNaPshot method, and then analyzed the allele and genotype of rs12537269 and rs1528039 in IMMP2L gene, as well as rs2217262 in DOCK4 gene.Transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis was used in all nucleus families. Results TDT did not show significantly biased transmission of two different alleles from parents to affected patients as rs12537269 and rs1528029 (P>0.05), but there was significant transmission disequilibrium(χ²=5.343, P=0.021)for rs2217262 polymorphism.The rate of allele A transmitted from heterozygous parents to offspring was higher than that of transmitted C. Conclusion This study shows a possibility of linkage association between autism and DOCK4 gene polymorphism in Chinese Han population.

Roles of thymus and activation regulated chemokine in asthmatic rats and interference of budesonide.

WANG You, HUANG Xiu-lan, SU Zan-cai, WANG Yuan, XIE Chao-yang, TAN Jian-xin.

2014, 22(3):  268-270. 

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Objective To explore the role of thymus and activation regulated chemokine(TARC) in asthmatic rats and therapeutic effects of budesonide. Methods A total of 30 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, asthmatic group, budesonide treated group, the rat model of asthma was established by the ovalbumin (OVA) provocation methods.The blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected 24 h after the last inhaling budesonide.The cells were counted, the concentrations of IL-4 and TARC in serum and BALF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The IL-4 and TARC protein in lung tissue were detected by immnohistochemical method. Results 1)The counts of eosinophiles, the IL-4 and TARC levels in serum and BALF of asthmatic groups were significantly higher than those in normal group(P<0.05), and the expressions of IL-4 and TARC protein in lung tissue of asthmatic groups were obviously higher than those in normal groups (P<0.05);They were significantly increased when inhaling budesonide (P<0.05).There were no significances between the control groups and the budesonide treated groups (P>0.05).2)Significant association was found between expression of TARC and IL-4 in the lung tissue of asthma groups and they presented for positive correlations (r=0.50, P<0.05). Conclusions TARC levels were increased in asthmatic rats.Inhaling budesonide can decrease the levels of TARC, TARC plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.Downregulation of TARC expression may be the important mechanism of budesonide to treat asthma.

Effect of three kinds of lipid emulsions on the IL-6 expression on acute lung injury in young rats induced by endotoxin.

SHI Ji-peng, YAN Jian-guo, HAN Jin-fen, TANG Cheng-he, YU Zhen.

2014, 22(3):  271-274. 

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Objective To compare the effects of three kinds of lipid emulsions to IL-6, and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis of lipid emulsions (LPS)-induced rat lung of inflammatory. Methods One hundered young Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group, LPS group, intra group, Clino group and Omega group and then used normal saline or different fat emulsions for seven days.LPS was installed in order to establish the rat model of acute lung injury (ALI).Those rats were intratracheally instilled with normal saline or LPS 8 hours before sacrifice.Each lung tissue section's pathologic changes was observed, and apoptosis index(AI) was detected.Expression level of IL-6 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR, meanwhile the concentrations of IL-6 in BALF were measured by enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA). Results 1)The expressions of IL-6 mRNA in serum and the level of IL-6 in BALF of LPS groups and intra group were significantaly elevated than clino group and omega group (both P<0.005), but it was no significant difference(P＞0.005)when Clino group compared with Omega group.2)pulmonary histopathology:there were demonstrated significant inflammatory in light microscopy of HE-stained lungs tissues of rat, and they were showing inflammatory cells infiltrating around the bronchus and the vascular, even bleeding.3)apoptosis results:compared with LPS group and intra group, the AI of Clino group and Omega group significantly reduced(both P<0.005), which was no significant difference between each other(P＞0.005). Conclusion 20% clinoleic and 10% omegaven can relieve inflammation by downregulating the concentrations of IL-6, and reduce the alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis in rats with acute lung injury.

Effect of attachment relationship on infant's intelligent development.

YU Ying.

2014, 22(3):  287-288. 

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Objective To explore the effects of attachment relationship and intelligence development of infants. Methods A total of 56 infants and young children were selected at 3 months and intelligent assessment showed no significant difference (P>0.05).The children's mothers were surveyed with attachment relationship questionnaire when children aged 12 months.The intelligent evaluation of infants were evaluated by 0~6 Years Old Children Mental Development Scale. Results The secure attachment was 37 people, accounting for 66.1%, unsafe type was 19 people, accounting for 33.9%, among them anxious-avoidant 8 people, accounted for 14.3%, anxious-ambivalent 11 people, accounting for 19.6% intelligence score (DQ) of safety attachment (n=37) was 99.56±9.03, DQ of insecure attachment (n=19) was 92.85±8.26, there was significant difference between the two groups (t=2.350, P<0.05). Conclusion The secure attachment can make intelligent potential infants get sufficient play, there is conducive to the development of infant intelligence.

Research of early behavior monitoring and interventions to promote infant's healthy personality development.

XU Ping, ZHU Hua, LIU Huai, LIAO Zhu-gen, HE Shi-jie, WANG Shi-hua.

2014, 22(3):  289-291. 

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Objective To explore the effects of early behavior monitoring and intervention on infant is healthy personality development. Methods Healthy qualified infants borned from Jan .2009 to June 2010 in Jiangxi maternal and children health care hospital were divided into two groups:intervention group (78 cases) and normal group (80 cases).Intervention group accepted systematic instructions and training courses of infant's healthy personality.Normal group didn't accept any scheduled courses and guidance.Personality Tendency Scale for Children( PTSC) and Chinese version of urban Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment(CITSEA) were used to assess infants of two groups. Results Development of personality, social emotion and social behavior of infants in intervention group were significantly better than those in other groups (all P<0.05).Family upbringing in the crowd percentage of intervention group improved significantly after intervention, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Early behavior monitoring and intervention can improve family upbringing and parent-child interaction and effectively promote infant healthy personality, at the same time it is conducive to the development of infants social emotion and behavior.

Vocabulary comprehension development of infant in urban Shenyang.

PAN Hong-di, ZHAO Ya-ru, YANG Ying, LI Xue-ning, WANG Yong-juan, TAO Xu-wei, LIANG Cui.

2014, 22(3):  292-294. 

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Objective To investigate the developmental characteristics of children aged 8~16 months of lexical comprehension, explore the early development of Chinese vocabulary comprehension in infants. Methods Using Chinese communicative Development Inventory (CCDI Putonghua version), parents of 620 children(8~16 months)were asked to reported their children's language abilities. Results From 8~16 months of age was the rapid growth of the vocabulary comprehension, vocabulary comprehension capacity increased steadily in all sections with chronological age.Eighty-month-old children could understand an average of 53 words, include 23 nouns and 16 verbs.By 16 months, children could understand 310 words, include 153 nouns and 69 verbs.Nouns and verbs were stable occupy more than 70%, noun proportion increased gradually, the verb occupies the proportion declined gradually. Conclusion 8~16 months of age is a period of rapid development of children's vocabulary comprehension.By 8 months children could understand to 50 words, In 16 months, children could understand 300 words.

Behavioral and emotional problems in late-preterm infants at the age of 4~6 years old.

YE Chun-hong, GU Li-ping, LI Jing, HE Shu-hua, DENG Cheng, GAO Jian-hui.

2014, 22(3):  295-297. 

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Objective To explore the effect of premature on the behavior and emotion when the infants grow up to 4~6 years old. Methods A total of 97 late-preterm infants (34 weeks < gestational age < 37 weeks) which were followed up in Zhongshan Bo'ai Hospital of Guangdong Province were assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) when they were 4~6 years old, and compared the Results with those of the 107 normal controls. Results The total score of late-preterm group (25.67±20.07) was significantly higher than that in the control group (20.85±18.29)(P<0.05).Also most of the subscales scores were significantly higher in late-preterm group than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Children at 4~6 years old with late-preterm history are more likely to suffer from behavioral and emotional problems.

Study on the cognition function profiles in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

CHEN Xiao-xia, TANG Jiu-lai.

2014, 22(3):  298-300. 

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Objective To investigate the characteristics of the cognition function damage of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was carried out to detect the reaction of neural and psychology on the cognition function of children with ADHD and health control respectively. Results There were a significant differences in each index of WCST (CC, Re, Rfp, Rpe, Rp)between the ADHD group and control group(P＜0.05 or ＜0.01).Comparison in each index of WCST showed that there were a statistically significances between subtypes of children with ADHD(P＜0.05 or ＜0.01). Conclusion The cognition function damage exists in children with ADHD, and the extent of damage differs between the various subtypes.

Researches on the family factors of children with school refusal.

WANG Ling-hua, CHEN Qun, CHA Cai-hui, OU Wan-xing.

2014, 22(3):  301-303. 

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Objective To explore the family environment and parental rearing pattern of school refusal(SR)in children. Method Investigated 54 children who had SR as the case group and 78 normal students chosen randomly as the control group were tested by The Egma Minneen Bardndosna Uppforstran(EMBU) and the Family Environment Scale(FES). Results The result of FES showed that there were more conflicts in SR families than in normal families.While excepted the control, the remaining factors had lower scores in SR families than in normal families.Compared with the control group, the case group had lower scores in terms of parental emotional warmth, preferred subjects and had higer scores in parental punish severity, parental rejection.There was not a significant difference in terms of overinterfere, overprotection. Conclusion The children with SR have family functional defect.

Metabolic syndrome in childhood obesity and its characteristic of metabolic abnormality in a single centre outpatients from 2008 to 2010.

BA Hong-jun, CHEN Hong-shan, LI Yan-hong, DU Min-lian, SU Zhe, MA Hua-mei, CHEN Qiu-li, GU Yu-fen.

2014, 22(3):  304-306. 

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Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents and the clinical characteristic in outpatient. Method According to the newest diagnosis criteria of metabolic syndrome in children in China, the databases of the clinical and experimental characteristics in simple obesity children and adolescents diagnosed from 2008 to 2010 in the First Affiliated Hospital of SUN Yat-sen University were analysed. Results Eighty-eight patients with simple obesity were enrolled in the study, 63 were above 10 years old 60 had at least one component of metabolic syndrome, 8 (12.7%) were diagnosed as metabolic syndrome, 28 (44.44%) had one component, 24 (38.09%) had 2 components.Among 88 obese children, 25 were aged 6 to 10 year-old, of which, 11 (44%) had cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions Obese children in outpatient has high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.There are high prevalences of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and impaired fasting glucose in patients with the metabolic syndrome.

Comparative analysis of the anxiety emotion of middle school students in urban and rural, Shanxi.

ZHANG Li, LI Fei, MENG Ruan-he, LIN Ju-qing, ZHANG Yang-hui.

2014, 22(3):  307-309. 

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Objective To investigate the prevalence of anxiety emotion of middle school students in Changzhi and the existing differences of anxiety emotion of middle school students in urban and rural, Shanxi. Methods This study used a transect sampling approach.Questionnaire of The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was used among 3 210 middle school students of 7~12 grades to analyze the anxiety emotion of them and the existing differences and related factors. Results The students' anxiety positive rate was 36.6%, which of the urban middle school students was 32.6%, the rural was 47.5%, the difference was significant (χ²=60.480, P＜0.001).Anxiety scores and the factor scores in the rural middle school students were higher than those of urban students.In addition to the widely factor, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).Anxiety detection rates of boys, girls, only-child and non-only-child in rural schools were higher than those of the corresponding urban middle school students, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions The anxiety emotion of middle school students is severe in Changzhi.The problems are more obvious in rural middle school students than in urban middle school students, more attention should be paid to them.

Research on the consistency of the simplified 20 Items Neuromotor Assessment and the 52 Items Neuromotor Assessment from birth to 1 year old.

WU Wei-hong, BAO Xiu-lan, XI Bing-yu, SUN Shu-ying, LIU Pin-duo, ZHANG Yan, LIU Jian-jun, ZENG Fan-yong.

2014, 22(3):  310-311. 

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Objectives To research the consistency of the 20 items neuromotor assessment and the 52 items neuromotor assessment from birth to 1 year old of high-risk infants, the screening effect of cerebral palsy were applied during the early period. Methods A total of 295 children who were diagnosed as cerebral palsy were chosen, and all of them were high-risk neonates.During their 3 months old agreement was qualified via Kappa values. Results The value of Kappa of the consistency check for two Methods was 0.796, P=0, 000, and it had a significant difference. Conclusions In discovering the abnormal condition of the cerebral palsy children's neurological system during the first year of period, the consistency of the 20 items neuromotor assessment from birth to 1 year old and the 52 items neuromotor assessment from birth to 1 year old is excellent.Therefore, the 20 items neuromotor assessment from birth to 1 year old can replace the 52 items neuromotor assessment from birth to 1 year old.

Temperament analysis of children combined with retinopathy of prematurity aged 3 years old.

XIA Ning, YIN Tong-jin, YE Wei-ling, YANG Dai-xiu.

2014, 22(3):  312-314. 

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Objective To explore the temperament characteristic of children combined with retinopathy of prematurity aged 3 years old, and provide a reference for clinical early intervention. Method A total of 46 children combined with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were tested by Carry infants' Temperament Questionnaire at 3 years old, another 46 children as control group. Results The types of temperament in children combined with ROP were difficult nurturing and intermediate partial difficult nurturing, there were significant differences in temperament dimensions including adaptation, persistence, reaction threshold between the children combined with ROP and control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion The temperament of children combined ROP has special characters.

Influencing factors of care-seeking and medication on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

CHEN Min-rong, XUE Zhang, HUANG Lin-juan, CHEN Ling, HUANG Mei-qin, FANG Xiao-dan.

2014, 22(3):  315-317. 

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Objective To study the influencing factors of care-seeking and medication on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), to improve compliance of medication and prognosis. Methods All patients diagnosed and prescribed medicine at first time as ADHD in mental health department during May 2008 to May 2011.General information and psychological test were administered at the same time, retrospective interviews by self-designed questionnaire on July.2012. Results There were 699 ADHD patients, 490 patients were successfully followed, 453 patients(92.45%) accepted methylphenidate hydrochloride(MPH) therapy, 185 patients (37.75%) had good compliance.178 patients insisted on taking the medicine for more than 6 months.Earlier age of care-seeking of children with ADHD was related to education degree of mother(r=-0.140, P<0.01), full intelligence quotient(r=-0.089, P<0.05) and ADHD subtype(r=-0.092, P<0.05).The main three causes for families to stop medication were afraid of the side effects of drugs, behavior problems could not be improved, irregular use of drugs.Compliance of medication was influenced by psychological education (Waldχ²=6.148, P<0.05)and parents 'views on medication(Waldχ²=3.785, P<0.05). Conclusions Low education degree of mother with ADHD children, low score of full intelligence quotient and combined ADHD are related to earlier age of care-seeking.The compliance of medication in ADHD families is low, psychological education and changing views on medication may be helpful.

Epidemiological survey on obesity of preschool children in Shaoxing.

CHEN Xiao-xia, YU Hong, JIANG Li-ping.

2014, 22(3):  318-320. 

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Objective To study the epidemiological features of prevalence and influencing factors of obesity among preschool children, and to provide scientific basis for early intervention. Method Cluster-random sampling method was used to investigate 17 640 preschool children, and all of the children were involved in physical measurements, evaluation and questionnaires. Results The overall prevalence rate of obesity was 4.92%, 5.72% for boys and 4.04% for girls, there was significant difference in different sex(χ²=50.111, P<0.01).While the overall prevalence rate of overweight was 11.05%, 10.96% for boys and 11.52% for girls.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that birth weight, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, hours of watching TV, mother's BMI, eating speed, frequency of intake sweets were closely related to obesity. Conclusions The prevalence rate of obesity and overweight is at a high level.In order to reduce the incidence rate, the integrated management should be strengthened about the preschool children with obesity or overweight.

Effect of auditory integration training on the rehabilitation of children with autism.

ZHANG Jun, ZHANG Qin-liang.

2014, 22(3):  321-323. 

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Objective To investigate the influence of the auditory integration training in the rehabilitation of children with autism. Methods 80 children with autism were enrolled into this study, and they were divided into two groups.The differences were compared between auditory integration training combining with conventional rehabilitation and only conventional rehabilitation to cure autism children.The scores of Autism Behavior Checklist(ABC) were compared between them. Results 1)It was important for children with autism to have comprehensive rehabilitation.2)Compared with the control group, the experimental group's sensory and language function had improved after one month of treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05);3)The experimental group's sensory, language and social interaction function after three months of treatment had improved compared with the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The rehabilitation training has great significance for rehabilitation of children with autism, auditory integration training with conventional rehabilitation has a significant effect on the rehabilitation of children with autism, autistic children need to pay attention to strengthening the rehabilitation of auditory integration training during rehabilitation training.

Association between anxiety and parenting stress in preschool children.

HAO Jin-lian, CHEN Su-fen, HE Yan-li, FU Zhi-wei, ZHANG Xiao-juan, GUO Lin, ZHANG Hui-ying.

2014, 22(3):  324-326. 

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Objective To compare the parenting stress differences between the preschool children with and without anxiety, analyz the relationship between parenting stress in parents and anxiety in preschool children, to provide scientific basis for prevention and intervention of preschool children's anxiety. Methods A sample of 326 children aged 3~6 were selected from Harbin.Parents were invited to complete the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) and Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Results The proportion of preschool children with anxiety in this surveyed sample was 6.13%, and there was no difference between genders (χ²=2.511, P＞0.05).The rate of higher level parenting stress was 32.5%.The rate of higher level parenting stress was in preschool children with anxiety than without anxiety (χ²=17.53, P＜0.05).Total stress score and each of three scales stress score were higher in preschool children with anxiety than without anxiety (P＜0.05).The scores of parental stress, parent-child dysfunctional interaction and difficult child were positively related with each of dimensions of PAS (P＜0.05). Conclusions Parents of preschool children with anxiety have more parenting stress.The anxiety problem is correlated with parenting stress in preschool children.

Correlation analysis between Perfluorinated compounds occupational exposure of pregnant women and physical and mental development of 0~1 years old infants.

KONG Ling-wan, DENG Bing, WANG Jia-hao, LIU Chun-ting, ZHU Lin.

2014, 22(3):  327-329. 

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Objective To understand the situation of pregnant women Perfluorinated compounds(PFCs) occupational exposure, and to analyze the effects of 0~1 years old infants' physical and mental development when their mother subjected to the influence of PFCs. Method Pilot investigation was used to select 0~1 years old infants who went to a place for examination, and to collect infants' physical and mental development status and their mother' situation of PFCs occupational exposure with a self-designed questionnaire and Denver Development Screen Test (DPST). Results The survey of women's career related to PFCs occupational exposure factor accounted for 7.4%.The difference of the infants' physical development index, whose mother engaged in the career related to printing, leather and its products or other career were statistically significant, but the difference of the infants' mental development index was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).However, the survey Results showed that there were 60% infants that assessment result of mental development was suspicious, and their mother engaged in the career related to clothing and textile;there were 50% infants that assessment result of mental development was suspicious, and their mother engaged in the career related to boiler and coal-fired. Conclusion Women of childbearing age should avoid contact with PFCs, and those who engaged in the career related to PFCs should keep away from the environment as soon as possible.

Researche about relations among perceived social support, self-esteem and subjective well-being of country middle school students.

DANG Zheng-zheng, DANG Jing.

2014, 22(3):  330-332. 

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Objective To explore the influence of perceived social support and self-esteem on subjective well-being in country middle school students. Methods Perceived Social Support Scale, the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and the Oxford Happiness Inventory were administrated to 927 country middle school students of two schools; The mediator factor of influencing subjective well-being was analyzed. Results Perceived social support was positively correlated with subjective well-being(r=0.403)and self-esteem was positively correlated with subjective well-being(r=0.660);There were good regression relations between perceived social support and self-esteem, subjective well-being(R²=0.097, R²=0.163), and then self-esteem was good regression relations with subjective well-being based on perceived social support(R²=0.436). Conclusion Perceived social support and self-esteem influence subjective well-being.Self-esteem is a mediator factor between perceived social support and subjective well-being.

Intervention effects evaluation about the eating behavior problems of children by Identification and Management of Feeding Difficulties tools, China.

LI Jing, HUANG Yan-hong, DONG Ying, CAO Chun-lan, LI Li-li, ZHANG Xue-jiao, DONG Shuang, NI Jia, MA Hui, JIN Xing-ming.

2014, 22(3):  333-336. 

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Objective To evaluate the intervention effects of Identification and Management of Feeding Difficulties (IMFeD) tools for eating behavior problem in children, and to provide scientific basis for standardized intervention measures. Methods Prospective randomized controlled clinical study method was used for 211 children with the eating behavior problems in 8 communities and 4 kindergartens in Shenyang.The intervention group was used by IMFeD tools, the control group was used by the common health care technology. Results After 5 follow-up within 9 months, The comprehensive decreased scoreΔ (M9-M0) of the eating behavior problems in the intervention group was higher than that in control group, the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).In different age group, that of 3 and 4 years old group had statistically significant difference(P＜0.01);Comparison before and after the intervention group was decreased significantly(t=21.2, P＜0.01), and the decreased score increased gradually with the increase of age;Through the comparison of the intervention group and the control group, the protective rate of IMFeD tool was 66.8%, the index of effectiveness was 3.0;The protective rate was 85.2% through the comparison of M9 and M0 in the intervention group, the effect index was 6.7; NNT was 1.3 (95%CI:1.2~1.5). Conclusion Effects of applying IMFeD tool is obvious for diagnosing, classifying and intervening the eating behavior problems of children.