Abstract: Objective To understand the effect of weight on the physical fitness of preschool children,to reduce the occurrence of underweight and overweight,and to promote the physical health of preschool children. Methods A total of 576 preschool children aged 5~6 in 6 kindergartens from Shanghai were selected as the research objects,and were divided into 3 groups,including group with underweight,normal weight and overweight.Physical fitness test included height,weight,sit and reach,10 m dashes,standing broad jump,softball throwing,side to side jump and balance beam.The correlation between physical fitness and body weight was analyzed. Results With the increase of age,the proportion of underweight decreased,and the proportion of underweight in girls was higher than those overweight group.There was significant difference on the total score of physical fitness among 3 groups (normal weight > underweight > overweight).The body mass index (BMI) in underweight group was positively correlated with physical fitness score (boys r=0.364,girls r=0.344,P<0.05).The BMI in overweight group was negatively correlated with physical fitness score (boys r=-0.515,girls r=-0.498,P<0.01). Conclusions The physical conditions vary in preschool children with different body weights,suggesting that body weight is an indicator of physical fitness.Therefore,underweight and overweight in preschool children is an urgent issue to address.

Key words: preschool children, weight, physical fitness

摘要： 目的 了解体重对于学龄前儿童身体素质的影响,减少低体重和超重发生,促进学龄前儿童的体质健康。方法 在上海市6所幼儿园中选取576名5~6岁的学龄前儿童,分为低体重组、正常体重组和超体重组。体质测试项目包括身高、体重、坐位体前屈、10 m折返跑、立定跳远、网球掷远、双脚连续跳和走平衡木,分析身体素质与体重的相关性。结果 随年龄增长,低体重组占同年龄段总人数比例呈现下降趋势;女童低体重组比例高于超体重组。三组间身体素质综合评分,表现为正常体重组>低体重组>超体重组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低体重组的体重指数(BMI)和其身体素质综合评分呈正相关关系(r_男=0.364,r_女=0.344,P<0.05),超体重组的BMI和其身体素质综合评分呈负相关关系(r_男=-0.515,r_女=-0.498,P<0.01)。结论 不同体重组的学龄前儿童身体素质情况差异较大,提示体重对身体素质指标有影响,建议重视学龄前儿童低体重和超体重问题。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 体重, 身体素质