Table of Content

10 January 2018, Volume 26 Issue 1

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Characteristics of the reading comprehension ability in children with learning difficulties in grade 3~5

ZHANG Qing, LIU Qiao-yun, ZHAO Hang, WEN Xiu-xiu, LU Hai-dan, DU Xiao-xin

2018, 26(1):  3-6.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-02

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Objective To probe into the reading comprehension ability of children with learning difficulties (LD) students in grade 3~5,and to provide some reasonable suggestions of rehabilitation training on LD students` reading comprehension. Method Totally 63 LD students and 76 normal students were tested with the Test of Reading Comprehension developed by Lin Bao-gui etc.Multi-factor analysis of variance was used to analyze data. Results In the reading comprehension,LD students lagged about 1 year behind the normal students,yet LD were late by about 2 years in phonological recoding and syntactic parsing.About 50% LD students had difficulty in reading comprehension,and the deficits number in phonological recoding and syntactic parsing was largest. Conclusion Children with LD had difficulties in the basic reading comprehension ability,and the effective intervention needed to be explored.

Analysis of the status and influencing factors of the nocturnal sleep-wake pattern of six-month-old infants

WEN Fang, HUANG Xiao-na, FENG Wei-wei, ZHANG Liang-fen

2018, 26(1):  7-10.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-03

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Objective To understand the status and the influencing factors of the nocturnal sleep-wake pattern in six-month-old infants,in order to provide information for the clinical assessment of infantile sleep. Methods Actiwatch was used to track the sleep-wake pattern development trajectory of six-month-old infants.Meanwhile,the influencing factors of nocturnal sleep-wake pattern of infants were analyzed. Results The nighttime sleep was (477.43±60.24)minutes,the longest continuous sleeping interval at the sixth month was (312.60±106.00)minutes,the latency of infants' nighttime sleep onset at sixth month was (19.06±14.53)minutes,and the numbers of nighttime awakening at sixth month were (2.24±1.21)times.Single-factor analysis showed that singing lullabies one hour before bedtime (t=-2.158,P=0.039) was associated with the nighttime sleep significantly.And sex (t=-2.57,P=0.016),feeding patterns (t=-2.391,P=0.028) and touching one hour before bedtime (t=-2.133,P=0.027) were associated with the longest continuous sleeping interval significantly;Sleeping in bed at the same time (t=2.882,P=0.011),taking a bath one hour before bedtime (t=-2.314,P=0.026) and touching (t=-2.888,P=0.011) were significantly associated with the latency of infants' nighttime sleep onset and sleeping alone in the crib (t=-2.091,P=0.045) was associated with the numbers of nighttime awakening significantly.Multiple linear regression showed that touching one hour before bedtime was related to the nighttime sleep (t=-2.158,P=0.039),sex related with the longest continuous sleeping interval (t=-2.083,P=0.047) and sleeping alone in the crib related with the numbers of nighttime awakening (t=-2.091,P=0.045). Conclutions Sleep nurturing behaviors are the important influencing factors of the nocturnal sleep-wake pattern in infants.It should be strengthened to correct sleep inappropriate nurturing behaviors habits in order to make the nocturnal sleep capability improved.

Study on nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase gene mutation in Shandong Han patients with congenital hypothyroidism

YANG Cheng-yu, LIU Yu-na, LIU Wen-miao, LIU Shi-guo, YI Ming-ji, YAN Sheng-li

2018, 26(1):  11-14.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-04

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Objective To screen nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) mutation of Chinese Han children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) from Shandong province,and to analyze the association between NNT and CH in order to provide theoretical basis for the diagnosis of CH. Methods Totally 50 Chinese Han children with CH from Shandong province were enrolled to complete NNT encoding regions screening.DNA was extracted from the blood,the NNT encoding regions amplified by PCR were sent for Sanger sequencing and theResults of Sanger sequencing were compared with the original sequence(NM_012343.3)in NCBI to identify mutations.Biological information analysis of the identified mutations had been down. Results NNTc.1475C＞T(p.A492V)was found in two patients and NNTc.2704C＞A(p.P902T)was carried in one patient.The former mutation might be not a pathogenic mutation while the later one might be pathogenic mutation according to the Polyphen value. Conclusion Maybe NNT mutation is not the main virulence gene of CH in Chinese Han patients from Shandong province and still needs further study with more patients.

Study on the correlation of IGF-1 levels and body mass index in children with growth hormone deficiency

WANG Pan-pan, ZHANG Mei, LI Ping, SUN Hai-ling, YAN Wen-hua, SHAO Qian, BAN Bo

2018, 26(1):  15-18.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-05

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Objective To study the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and body mass index (BMI) in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Methods The clinical data of 137 children with GHD were retrospectively analyzed.The data of body height (Ht),body weight (Wt),BMI,serum growth hormone (GH) and serum IGF-1 were collected. Results 1) The level of IGF-1 in children with GHD was positively correlated with BMI;2) The level of IGF-1 in children with GHD was influenced by factors such as sex,BMI,adolescent status and other factors;3) In the group of BMI SDS<0.30,IGF-1 SDS decreased significantly by 2% for per 1 unit increase of BMI SDS (P>0.05).In the BMI SDS≥0.30 group,IGF-1 SDS increased significantly by 93% for every 1 unit increase of BMI SDS (P<0.001);4) After adjusted for gender,platelet,aspartate aminotransferase,creatinine,high density lipoprotein,luteinizing hormone,follicle stimulating hormone,estradiol,testosterone,the level of IGF-1 SDS increased by 39.3% for per unit increase of BMI SDS in prepuberty children with GHD and decreased by 98.8% for per unit increase of BMI SDS in puberty children with GHD (P<0.001 or <0.05). Conclusions The level of IGF-1 in children with GHD is affected by factors such as sex,BMI,and adolescent status.Appropriate level of BMI can promote the growth and development of GHD children.GHD children should increase BMI appropriately at prepuberal stage,and control BMI at puberty,which may help maintain a high level of IGF-1 and facilitate its growth and development.

Preliminary establishment of simple family-video-feedback scale of early intervention for high-risk infants of 0 to 6 months old

SHEN Xiu-shu, SHI Wei, YANG Hong, CAO Jia-yan, ZHU Xiao-yun, YIN Huan-huan

2018, 26(1):  19-22.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-06

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Objective To establish a simple scale of family early intervention,through analyzing the family videos to supervise and improve the quality of intervention. Methods The preliminary framework of scale was built through expert discussion and literature review.Then in a three-round Delphi survey,26 experts from 6 provinces completed an internet-based questionnaire to evaluate the degree of importance of the indicators and shared opinions. Results All the 26 experts took part in this study,and the response rate for the questionnaire was 100%.The expert authority coefficient was 0.85,and the expert consensus coefficient of the third round questionnaire was 0.445 (P<0.001).The scale included two parts,one was the video quality including 4 indicators,and the other was the intervention quality including 10 indicators. Conclusion Video feedback can be used to combine the advantages between family and hospital,to monitor the intervention process of high-risk infants at home,to further guide the parents and improve the quality of early intervention.

Comparative analysis of physical fitness of Uighur urban and rural primary and middle school students aged 7~18 in 2015 and 2010

LIU Min-juan, JIANG Tao

2018, 26(1):  23-26.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-07

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Objective To understand Xinjiang Uygur students' body shape,function,quality change rules and characteristics,and to provide data for physical health education and health supervision of students in this region. Methods The whole group sampling method was adopted.A random selection of 11 primary and secondary schools from cities,and the Uighur students of 17 primary and middle schools in rural areas were enrolled. Results Comparison between 2015 and 2010:In 2015,the height of male and female students of all age atages in urban areas increased,among them,the increase in height of urban 14-year old girls was 11.3 cm,the increase in height for 13-year-old boys was 8.9 cm with the highest increase;And the rural boys and girls had a rise and fall in all ages.Urban male and female students weighed more than rural students between 7 and 12 years old,the 12-year-old boys from rural areas were 5.8 kg heavier than the boys from cities,girls aged 12 from cities were 6.2 kg heavier than rural girls;Men and women from cities aged 13 to 18 weighed less than those in the countryside.Both urban and rural students had varying increase of lung capacity (except for students aged 16~18).The gaps between height and weight in 2015 were larger than those in 2010 between urban and rural areas. Conclusions Uighur students' height,weight and lung capacity is increasing in cities,whereas the indicators of rural primary and middle school students are up and down.

Effects of individualized health management on body shape,glucose and lipid metabolism,C-reactive protein in children with simple obesity

WU Ying, SUN Jin-hai, YUE Qing-fang, JI Xiao-yi, HUANG Qian, CHEN Yan-lie, XIAO Ping

2018, 26(1):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-08

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Objective To compare effects of individualized health management and routine intervention on children with simple obesity for one year,and to explore a more effective intervention model for obese children. Methods A total of 130 simple obese children aged 3~8 were enrolled,and were randomly assigned to an individualized diet,exercise,behavioral intervention (individualized group) and general intervention (routine group).After one-year intervention,body mass index (BMI),waist circumference,body fat percentage,glucose and lipid metabolism and C-creative protein (CRP) were compared between two groups and body shape index of different genders,different places of study were compared before and after intervention among the individualized groups. Results After 1 year of intervention,the decrease of BMI,waist circumference,body weight and body fat percentage in the individual group was more obvious than those in the routine group (P<0.001).The height growth of the individualized group was higher than that of the routine group (P<0.001).The levels of fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,LDL,TG,TC and CRP in the individual group were lower than those in the routine group (P<0.01),and HDL was higher than that in the routine group (P<0.01). Conclusion Individualized health management can effectively improve the body shape of simple obese children aged 3~8.Improving the levels of glucose,lipid metabolism and CRP is an effective intervention model for obese children.

Effect of folic acid and vitamin B12 on the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase of rats with fetal growth restriction

ZHANG Hui, WANG Xin-li, ZHANG Jin, HAN Tong-yan, PIAO Mei-hua, TONG Xiao-mei, XING Yan

2018, 26(1):  32-36.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-09

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Objective To investigate the influence of adding folic acid and vitamin B12 in maternal lactation on the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)in phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinse /protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) insulin signaling pathway,and to analyze the relationship between the changes in the expression of the main molecules and the change in insulin resistance. Methods 1)To establish the model of insulin resistance index (IUGR) rats by low-protein (LP) and caloric restriction in the second and third trimester of pregnancy.IUGR newborn pups were randomly divided into IUGR intervention group and IUGR without intervention group.Lactating female rats of the intervention group were fed with high folate and vitamin B12 in the diet; Lactating female rats of without intervention group were fed normal diet.All of newborn pups were weaned at the 21st day after birth and then fed with normal diet to 120 days.2)On the 21st,60th and 120th day after birth,fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FINS) of the three groups were tested.IRI were calculated to evaluate insulin sensitivity.3)On the 21st,60th and 120th day after birth,skeletal muscle tissues were collected from rats of the three groups,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K) gene and protein expression levels were determined by using quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. Results 1)Birth weights of LP offspring[(4.44±0.58)g] were significantly lower than those of NP ones[(7.03±0.56)g] (t=15.75,P<0.05).The incidence of IUGR in LP was 93.33%.2)On the 21st day after birth,FPG,FINS and IRI of the three groups showed no significant difference.On the 60th and the 120th day,FPG,FINS and IRI of IUGR in the intervention group were significantly lower than those of IUGR in non-intervention group,but were higher than those of the control group (all P <0.05).3)On the 21st,60th and 120th day,the levels of PI3K mRNA and protein expression were highest in the NP group and were lowest in IUGR without intervention group.They appeared significant difference in three groups(all P<0.05).4)On the 60th and 120th day,both IRI levels of IUGR without intervention group and the intervention group had a negative correlation with PI3K (both P<0.05). Conclusion Adding folic acid and vitamin B12 in maternal lactation has an impact on the expression of PI3K in IUGR rats,and these changes are closely correlated with insulin resistance.

Application of virtual reality technology in diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

SUN Jin-lei, DU Ya-song

2018, 26(1):  37-39.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-10

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Virtual reality technology has made revolutionary progress on the diagnosis,intervention and treatment of children's mental illness.This paper combs the application of virtual reality technology in improving continuous attention,social skills,emotion recognition,time perception,executive function and impulsive behavior of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children,and summarizes the advantages,limitations and prospects of the application of virtual reality technology in ADHD diagnosis and treatment.

Research progress on effects of postpartum depression on children's comprehensive development

XING Ya-na, WANG Dong, DUAN Hong-mei

2018, 26(1):  40-43.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-11

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Postpartum depression occurs mainly during women in postpartum period.It not only does harm to women,but also has a negative impact on children's development.This paper reviews the effects of postpartum depression on the comprehensive development of children,such as physical,behavioral,cognitive and temperament development and so on,and discussed the mechanism of how postpartum depression influence children's comprehensive development,including heredity and gene,parenting style and family living environments.

Research advances on zinc finger protein ZBTB38 regulating growth and development

ZHAO Qian-qian, BAN Bo, SHAO Qian

2018, 26(1):  44-47.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-12

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Zinc finger protein ZBTB38 is a new member of the ZBTB zinc finger protein subfamily,homologous to known BCL6 and PLZF.Through the study,scholars have found that ZBTB38 plays an important role in growth and development,tumorigenesis,cytoskeletal tissue,stem cell homeostasis and transcription regulation,hematopoiesis,chromatin remodeling and protein degradation.Abnormal expression or dysfunction of ZBTB38 can lead to individual developmental disorders and is closely related to the pathophysiological process of tumor,prion disease and other major diseases.With the rapid development of technology,especially single nucleotide polymorphism,genomic hybridization,genome sequencing research,ZBTB38 gene was found to have strong correlation with human height.Zinc finger protein ZBTB38 regulating growth and development is reviewed in this paper.

Role of regulatory T-cells in different clinical expressions of Helicobacter pylori infection

WANG Fang-fang, XIE Qing-zhi

2018, 26(1):  48-50.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-13

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Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) colonization can induce vigorously innate and specific immune responses.However,the infection will not disappear and chronic active gastritis will continue if left untreated.It has been established that the topographical pattern of gastritis and its immune response are the main causes for the persistence of bacteria and the clinical outcome.There have been many controversies over the role of Treg cells in H.pylori infection.Treg cells can inhibit the body's immune response to Hp,thereby reducing the incidence of acute inflammation.At the same time,the response inhibition also causes long-term colonization of Hp in gastric mucosa and the persistence of chronic infection,leading to the further development of the disease.This paper reviews the role of Treg in different clinical expressions of H.Pylori infection.

Research progress on early identification of severe hand,foot and mouth disease from laboratory examination

HAI Yuan-ping, XIANG Wei

2018, 26(1):  51-54.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-14

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Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD)is an acute infectious disease caused by enterovirus infection,mostly affecting children under 3 years old.HFMD in most patients can be self-healing,but in few children,especially in children with type EV71 infection can rapidly progress to severe HFMD.Because of the damage to nervous system and cardiopulmonary function,HFMD may lead to serious sequelae,in patients and even death in few children,putting heavy burden for families and society.This literature review focuses on clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of the severe severe and critical severe HFMD,especially the laboratory examination marker which can predict disease progress.Early identification and diagnosis of severe HFMD can provide reliable scientific basis for clinical treatment.

Evidence based assessment of genomics in tic disorders in China

YANG Chun-song, ZHANG Ling-li, YU Dan, XU Qun-fen

2018, 26(1):  55-58.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-15

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Objective To systematically review the current status of genomics research in patients with tic disorder (TDs) in China,and to summarize the genes related to disease susceptibility and the effects of drug treatment,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of TDs. Methods Pubmend,Embase,Cochrane library,CBM,CNKI,VIP,and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to July 2017.Studies which assessed the association between related genes and TDs were included and then descriptive analysis were used to summarize the result. Results A total of 43 studies involving 3 723 children and 2 433 families were included.The age of participants ranged from 3 to 22 years old.Publication time was between 2001 and 2016.Only 44.2% (19/43) included studies reported a positive Conclusion.Included studies involved 24 genes,only 4 positive genes were associated with TDs disease,1 positive gene was related to drug efficacy,5 positive genes were related to TDs with comorbidity. Conclusions The researches of genome in TDs develop rapidly,and the related genes are diverse and complicated.However,the sample size is small,and less positive genes are found,also there is a lack of the standard method and path for the clinical transformation from gene research to clinical practice.Most studies need to be validated by high-quality and large sample clinical studies in order to provide evidence to guide clinical practice.

Relation of neonatal repetitive procedural pain to behavioral development in preterm toddlers

CHEN Meng-ying, XIA Dong-qing, MIN Cui-ting, CHEN Yin-hua, ZHOU Jin-jun, LI Xiao-nan

2018, 26(1):  59-62.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-16

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Objective In order to analyse the long-term effects of neonatal pain,and to observe the behavioral development of toddlers with repetitive procedaral pain experience in NICU during preterm infancy,as well as the relation to parenting environment,and to clarify long-term effects of neonatal pain on physical health. Methods A total of 25 preterm neonates admitted to NICU in Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University after birth were selected as preterm group (n=25).Thirty-eight term neonates healthly born at the same period and without hospitalization experience were selected as full-term group.When follow-up at 2 years postconception age (PCA),the parents filled in the questionnaire including general characteristics of children and parents,Parenting Stress Index-short form (PSI) and Child Behavior Check List (CBCL);At the same time,the toddlers underwent physical examination and Gesell Development Schedule (GDS). Results The development quotients (DQ) of GDS significantly decreased in preterm group compared to full-term group at 2 years PCA (P<0.05).Poor cognitive development of preterm group was related to the increased NICU skin-breaking procedures (P<0.05) and their mother's PSI score (P<0.05),as well as low education of mother (P<0.05).The internalizing behavior score manifested by withdrawn behaviors and depression significantly increased in preterm group,compared with full-term group at 2 years PCA (P<0.05).The higher internalizing behavior in Preterm Group was positively correlated with high PSI of their mother (P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with full-term counterparts,the preterm born toddlers have poorer cognitive development and increased internalizing behaviors at 2 years PCA.The poorer cognitive outcome in preterm born toddlers are related to the higher number of skin-breaking procedures experienced during NICU hospitalization.What's more,more parenting stress from mother will worsen the Results .

Study on correlation between family rearing environment and behavior development of 3~6 years old children

MU Li-juan, LV Ying, ZHAO Jing, LI He-li, LI Rong-ping, ZHANG Ya-ya

2018, 26(1):  63-66.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-17

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Objective To analyze the correlation between behavior problems of children aged 3~6 and family rearing environment in order to provide a basis for promoting children's behavior development. Method A total of 401 children aged 3~6 of Beijing Fangshan distrect were selected and investigated by Conners Parents Symptom Questionnaire and Urban 3~6-year-old Children Family Rearing Environment Scale. Results The scores of language/cognitive information,emotional warmth/self-expression,social adaptation/self government,ignore/interference/penalty,environment atmosphere were negatively related to the score of behavioral problems;The scores of language/cognitive information,emotional warmth/self-expression,social adaptation/self government,ignore/interference/penalty,diversity of activities/participating games and environment atmosphere were negatively related to the score of learning problems;The scores of ignore/interference/penalty,diversity of activities/participating games were negatively related to the score of psychosomastic disorder;The scores of language/cognitive information,emotional warmth/self-expression,social adaptation/self government,ignore/interference/penalty,environment atmosphere were negatively related to the score of impulsivity-hyperactivity;The scores of emotional warmth/self-expression,social adaptation/self government,ignore/interference/penalty,diversity of activities/participating games and environment atmosphere were negatively related to the score of anxious;The scores of language/cognitive information,emotional warmth/self-expression,social adaptation/self government,ignore/interference/penalty,environment atmosphere were negatively related to the score of hyperactivity index (all P<0.05). Conclusions Children's behavior problems are correlated with family rearing environment.Creating a good family rearing environment is conducive to the development of children's behavior.

Prevalence and risk factors of simple obesity in 3 373 preschool children in Huadu District,Guangzhou

HUANG Wan-ping, CHEN Gan-ne, WEI Rong-zhong, LIU Yun-hui, WU Sui-qiong

2018, 26(1):  67-69.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-18

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Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of children's obesity in Huadu District of Guangzhou,and to provide the scientific basis for preventing obesity in children. Methods A total of 3 373 children at the age of 2～6 years old in 10 kindergartens from Huadu district of Guangzhou were selected randomly by a random cluster sampling method from September to October,2016 and all subjects' basic information( height,weight,habits,parents,etc)were investigated.The prevalence rate of childhood obesity and its related factors were analyzed. Results The data showed that the rates of obesity and over-weight in preschool children were 3.0% and 8.7% respectively.Risk factors of obesity included high birth weight,non-breastfeeding,fast eating;eating while watching TV or playing while eating,meal times,encouragement of eating and food reward,having meals outside,parents' age and BMI,abnormal conditions at birth,maternal appetite,neglection of children's physical examination by parents.Long sleep time was the protective factor of obesity. Conclusions Childhood obesity is more related to lifestyle.The key to prevent obesity is to create a good family environment,to develop good eating habits and lifestyle.

Investigation of grip strength and grip strength index among children aged 6~9 in Guangzhou

GUAN Wen-yi, WEI Yuan-huan, CHEN Yong-xin, TONG Ye, ZENG Zhi-cong, WANG Jue, MAO Li-mei, ZHANG Zhe-qing

2018, 26(1):  70-73.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-19

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Objective To investigate grip strength and grip strength index in children aged 6~9 in Guangzhou,and to provide reference for clinical assessment. Method A total of 474 children aged 6~9 were recruited in Guangzhou from January to December,2016.Hand grip strength was measured using Jamar dynamometer with standard test posture.Weight was determined and grip strength index was calculated. Results The values of hand grip strength of right (left) hand in boys aged 6~9 were 8.5±1.9 (7.9±1.7),10.3±2.3 (9.5±2.0),11.6±3.0 (11.0±2.8) and 13.2±2.8 (12.3±2.5)kg,respectively,while 7.7±2.0 (7.3±2.0),8.9±1.7 (8.3±1.6),10.7±2.5 (9.8±2.3),11.4±2.7 (10.2±2.2) kg for girls aged 6~9,respectively.For hand grip strength index,the mean values of right (left) hand were 38.9±7.5 (36.1±7.3),42.3±8.0 (39.1±7.7),41.2±8.7 (38.7±7.9),41.0±10.0(38.5±9.6) for boys and 36.6±8.3 (35.2±8.8),38.7±6.3(36.1±6.5),40.3±8.0 (37.0±7.7),41.6±9.0 (37.4±7.6) for girls,respectively.Both hand grip strength and hand grip strength index were significantly higher in boys than those of girls in each age strata (P<0.05).With increasing age,the hand grip strength of either side increased significantly regardless of gender (P<0.001).For hand grip strength index,no significant differences among different age groups were observed except for the right hands of girls. Conclusion The data provide reference for evaluating grip strength and grip strength index in children aged 6~9 in Guangzhou.

Correlation analysis between body weight and physical fitness of preschool children

WANG Xiao-fei, CAO Xin-zhao, PAN Tian-shuai, LU Da-jiang

2018, 26(1):  74-76.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-20

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Objective To understand the effect of weight on the physical fitness of preschool children,to reduce the occurrence of underweight and overweight,and to promote the physical health of preschool children. Methods A total of 576 preschool children aged 5~6 in 6 kindergartens from Shanghai were selected as the research objects,and were divided into 3 groups,including group with underweight,normal weight and overweight.Physical fitness test included height,weight,sit and reach,10 m dashes,standing broad jump,softball throwing,side to side jump and balance beam.The correlation between physical fitness and body weight was analyzed. Results With the increase of age,the proportion of underweight decreased,and the proportion of underweight in girls was higher than those overweight group.There was significant difference on the total score of physical fitness among 3 groups (normal weight > underweight > overweight).The body mass index (BMI) in underweight group was positively correlated with physical fitness score (boys r=0.364,girls r=0.344,P<0.05).The BMI in overweight group was negatively correlated with physical fitness score (boys r=-0.515,girls r=-0.498,P<0.01). Conclusions The physical conditions vary in preschool children with different body weights,suggesting that body weight is an indicator of physical fitness.Therefore,underweight and overweight in preschool children is an urgent issue to address.

Analysis of relationship among body component and athletic ability of the children and adolescents in Qingdao

LIU Xiao-hui, WEI Jing, CHEN Jian

2018, 26(1):  77-80.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-21

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Objective To analyze the relationship among body mass index (BMI),fat mass index (FMI),fat-free mass index (FFMI) and athletic ability,and find out the influencing factors of athletic ability,and to provide theoretical basis for the development of appropriate interventions. Methods The height,body weight,sebum thickness,vital capacity,grip strength,speed (50 m run),lower limb explosive force (standing weight long jump) and three-dimensional position flexion.were measured in 4 917 children and adolescents aged 7~18 in Qingdao,who participated in the 2014 National Student Physique and Health Survey.The body fat percentage (BF%) was estimated and the adipose tissue index and non-adipose tissue index were calculated by using the Changling Jinji formula and Brozek formula.The result was analyzed by using correlation analysis and multi-factor linear regression analysis. Results The grip strength was positively correlated with BMI,FMI and FFMI with significant difference.The correlation coefficient between grip strength and FFMI was the highest.The explosive force and muscle strength were negatively correlated with FMI and positively correlated with FFMI.Time for speed run and endurance showed positive correlations with FMI and negatively correlation with FFMI.Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the effect of height,body weight,chest circumference,waist circumference and FFMI on body mass was statistically significant.The regression coefficient of FMI was -0.128,and it was not statistically significant.The regression coefficient of FFMI was 0.763,which was positively correlated with the total score of physical constitution,with statistical significance. Conclusion Physical exercise,obesity control,body composition improvement,adipose tissue content reduction and non-adipose tissue content increase should be enhanced to improve children and adolescents physical function and exercise quality.

Effect of scene type training on children with motor development retardation

CHEN Yan-juan, DONG Shang-sheng, FU Ren-shun

2018, 26(1):  81-83.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-22

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Objective To investigate the rehabilitation efficacy of scene type training on children with motor development retardation. Methods According to the prospective randomized controlled trial,80 children with motor retardation were randomly divided into two groups,with 40 cases in each group.The two groups were treated with comprehensive early intervention,and the treatment group was added with the scene type training.Motor and balance function were assessed before and after the treatment of the trial. Results The score of Gross Motor Function Measure scale (GMFM-88),Peabody Scale and Berg Balance Scale before treatment in two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05).In the two groups,the difference between before and after treatment showed the score of GMFM-88 scale、Peabody scale and Berg balance scale was statistically significant (P<0.05);After treatment,difference between the two groups on the score of GMFM-88 Scale、Peabody Scale and Berg Balance Scale was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The effect of scene type training has good effect on early development of children with motor retardation.

Study on neuropsychic behavior development of late preterm infants

YOU Jia, CAO Chun-hong, HAO Mei-chen, YANG Xiao-yan, WU Jun-ya

2018, 26(1):  84-87.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-23

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Objective To analyze the neuromotor,psychological and behavioral development of late preterm infants(LPIs),and to give advice on early intervention to avoid the abnormal neurodevelopment outcome. Methods A total of 102 LPIs and 153 healthy full term infants (FTIs) with the same age were chosen as LPIs group and FTIs group respectively.LPIs group was also subdivided into LPIs1 group (without risk factors) and LPIs2 group (with risk factors) by prenatal risk factors.Neurodevelopmental tests were completed when they were 24～30 months:Incidence of motor disorders (MD) was compared between the two groups.Development quotient (DQ) of Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale (GDDS),scores of Sensory Integrative Development Checklist for Child and S-M Social Living Capacity Scale were compared among LPIs1,LPIs2 and FTIs groups. Results Incidence of MD in LIPs group was significantly higher than that in LPIs group.Compared among LPIs1,LPIs2 and FTIs group,DQ of GDDS,scores of S-M Social Living Capacity Scale and Physiological Inhibition of Cranial Nerves in Sensory Integrative Development Checklist for children were significantly different in interior-group (all P<0.001).Infants in LPIs1 and LPIs2 group performed inferior to their partners in FTIs group in the tests above(all P<0.05).Between the subgroups,there was no significant difference in the tests (P>0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that pregnancy-induced hypertension was risk factor for S-M Social living capacity,adaptability,individual-social communication and language(all P<0.05).Premature rupture of fetal membranes was risk to S-M social living capacity,adaptability,fine motor and gross motor (all P<0.05).Gestational age was the risk factor for cerebral nerve suppression disorder and gross motor (all P<0.05).Birth weight was the risk factor for cerebral nerve suppression disorder and fine motor (all P<0.05). Conclusions The ending of neuropsychic behavior development of late preterm infants is not optimistic.Development monitoring should be strengthened in order to reduce bad development ending.

Study on the influence of family environment on behavior problems of children aged 3~6

DING Jun-li, YUE Rui-zhi, HAO Ai-zhen, WANG Yu-ting, CHEN Zhi-guo

2018, 26(1):  88-90.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-24

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Objective To investigate behavior problems of children aged 3-6 in Taiyuan City,and to analyze the impact of family environment on behavior problems of children in order to adopt targeted interventions to reduce child behavior problems. Methods The behavior and family environment of 1 143 children aged 3~6 years were assessed by Achenbach's Child Behavior Cheeklist (CBCL) and self-designed family environment scales,and the Results were analyzed statistically. Results Univariate analysis showed that seven factors influenced children's behavior development including parents' relationship,parents' educational level,education style,parents' expectation for their children,left-behind children,parent-child interaction and watching TV time.Multivariate analysis showed that five family environment factors were closely related to children's behavior problems,such as parents' relationship,parent-child interaction,parents' expectation for children,education style and left-behind children. Conclusions The behavior problem of 3 to 6-year-old children should not be neglected.In order to avoid the occurrence of behavior problems,it is necessary to effectively control the unfavorable factors in the family environment.

Current status and related factors for anemia of prematurity in Shanghai

JIANG Hong, LI Ya-chun, LI Zhen, TANG Qing-ya

2018, 26(1):  91-93.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-25

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Objective To analyze the current status of anemia and related factors in premature infants,and to provide scientific basis for clinical prevention. Method A retrospective,case-control study was conducted.A total of 653 premature infants samples within 72 hours after birth from Neonatal Unit from January 2010 to December 2016 were collected to investigate the current status and related factors of anemia in prematurity. Results The anemia rate in premature infants was 322/653 (49.3%).The gestational age,birth weight,Apgar score and jaundice appearance time in anemia group were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05).The length of hospital stay,food abstinence duration,the total number of venous blood collection in anemia group were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P<0.05).Multiple factor logistic regression analysis revealed that the length of hospital stay (OR=2.72,95%CI:1.652～4.477,P<0.001),birth weight evaluation (OR=2.424,95%CI:1.673～3.511,P<0.001),the total number of venous blood collection (OR=1.559,95%CI:1.203~2.02,P<0.001) were included as the only independent high-risk factors for anemia of prematurity. Conclusion The smaller gestational age,the lower birth weight,the greater laboratory blood loss and critically ill are associated with anemia of prematurity.

Analysis on blood lead level of 2 510 children aged 0~7 in Lanzhou

MA Xiu-lan, LIU Yue-fen, YUE Li, LIU Hong, HE Li, ZHU Ying, HUANG Lei

2018, 26(1):  94-96.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-26

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Objective To investigate children's blood lead level and its influencing factors in Lanzhou,and to provide evidence for public health policies. Methods Totally 2 510 children aged 0~7 from three kindergartens of two districts in Lanzhou were enrolled to test blood lead level and to finish questionnaires.Tungsten boat atomic absorption spectrometry was used to test blood lead levels. Results The detection rate of high blood lead was 7.8%.The detection rate of high blood lead in children under two years old was higher than that in children over 5 years old (P<0.05).Multivariate regression analysis showed the lower education level of father,indicated higher rate of high blood lead in children (P<0.01).Recent home decoration,lower toys cleaning frequency and gnawing fingernails were risk factors of high blood lead (P<0.05). Conclusion Environmental intervention combined with health education and developing good daily behavior habits are important Methodsof preventing high blood lead in chilren.
   Key words: children aged 0~7; blood lead; influencing factor

Clinical study on the correlation between serum vitamin A,D,E levels with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children

LIU Jin, YAN Hong, CHEN Xiao-geng, CHENG Fei

2018, 26(1):  97-99.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-27

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Objective To investigate the correlation between serum vitamin A,D,E levels and mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,and to provide guidance for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 415 cases of children hospitalized with mycoplasma pneumonia were selected as mycoplasma pneumonia group,and 431 children from child healthcare department without respiratory tract infection were selected as control group.The serum vitamin A,D,E in two groups were detected. Results The average levels of serum vitamin A,D and E in mycoplasma pneumonia group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01);The cases of vitamin A deficiency in mycoplasma pneumonia group were more than that in control group (P<0.01).There was no significant difference on the cases of subclinical vitamin A deficiency between two groups (P>0.05);The cases lack of vitamin D and vitamin D deficiency in mycoplasma pneumonia group were significantly more than those in the control group (P<0.01);The cases of vitamin E deficiency was more than that in control group significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion Vitamin A,D,E deficiency,especially lack of vitamin D,are associated with the mycoplasma pneumonia.Supplementation of vitamin A,D,E may prevent recurrent pneumonia mycoplasma pneumonia,and the specific mechanism still needs to be further explored.

Investigation of nutritional status of low birth weight infants with different gestational age

ZHANG Chi, ZHU Hui

2018, 26(1):  100-102.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-28

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Objective To investigate nutrition status of low birth weight infants (LBWI) with different gestational ages,and to provide theoretical evidence for rational nutrition intervention. Methods LBWI with different gestational ages who were treated in Fujian Provincial Hospital were selected as research participants.After nutrition intervention,their blood biochemical indexes were observed and the time of enteral nutrition reaching DRIs was recorded. Results According to different gestational ages,participants were divided into 3 groups,group Ⅰ (gestational age 28~31 weeks),group Ⅱ(gestational age 32~36 weeks),group Ⅲ(gestational age 37~42 weeks).Compared with group Ⅰ,the time for enteral nutrition reaching DRIs were significantly shortened in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ (P<0.05).The differences of the time for enteral nutrition reaching DRIs in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were not statistically significant (P>0.05).In terms of 1 d biochemical index,ALB in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ significantly increased than group Ⅰ (P<0.05);Compared with group Ⅲ,TC in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ obviously decreased,and HDL-C,LDL-C and ApoB in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ all obviously increased with significant differences (P<0.05).In terms of the 1 d biochemical index after enteral nutrition reaching DRIs,GLu in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ significantly increased than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05);Compared with group Ⅱ,ALB,TC,TG in group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ all obviously decreased,HDL-C,LDL-C and ApoA all obviously increased,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Blood lipid level detection should be conducted in low birth weight infants with different gestational ages,and reasonable nutritional intervention is suggested to adopt according to early evaluation Results .

Intervention effects on simple obesity of preschool children in Qixia District,Nanjing

NI Shao-xian

2018, 26(1):  103-105.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-29

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Objective To analyze the main factors of simple obesity in preschool children,and to give some effective measures. Methods Health questionnaires were handed out to 452 four-year-old preschool children from three different kindergartens and some interventions were conducted in May 2015.The effects of these interventions on overweight/obesity and body mass index (BMI) of preschool children were analyzed. Results The percentage of overweight/obesity children in the experimental group decreased after one year (14.16%) and the difference had no statistical significance(χ²=0.43,P＞0.05) while the percentage of overweight/obesity in children of observation group showed sharp increase (16.37%) and the difference was statistical significant(χ²=4.82,P＞0.05).Meanwhile,the research indicated that the main factors were mothers with overweight/obesity,children taking in too much meat (over 30%),overeating,and eating too fast,as well as shortage of sports.After intervention,the trend of BMI of overweight and obesity in children showed gentle increase(t=2.30 and 2.27,P<0.05),the curve of overweight closed to be normal. Conclusions Multiple factors result in overweight/obesity in preschool children.The trend of children overweight/obesity can be controlled by some effective interventions;However,the sustainability of intervention effects needs to be further studied.

Analysis on growth status and anemia of urban children under 6 years old in Hohhot

ZHANG Rui-fan, LI Xin-yan, WANG Wen-li, BAI Hua, FAN Guo-ye

2018, 26(1):  106-108.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-30

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Objective To evaluate the growth situation and the prevalence of anemia in urban children under 6 years old in Hohhot,and to analyze the relationship between them,thereby providing scientific reference for improving children health. Methods The method of cluster random sampling was used in this study.Totally 804 cases of children under 6 years old were respectively sampled from 4 preventive health posts of 4 districts in Hohhot City,and surveyed with self-designed questionnaires. Results 1)Prevalence rates of underweight,growth retardation and emaciation were 2.99%,3.98% and 4.23 % respectively.2)Prevalence rate of anemia was 12.19%.There were significant differences on anemia prevalence among different age groups(P<0.001),and the age of under 2 years old was the peak of anemia.3)Both height and weight of children with anemia were obviously lower than those of children without anemia,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001). Conclusions Anemia can affect the growth and development of children.So it is necessary to popularize knowledge of scientific feeding,and to prevent and treat anemia actively.

Correlation analysis between serum levels of vitamin D and pulmonary functions in asthma childen

JIANG Hua-fang, LI Li, HAN Wen-ning, LI Jin-liang

2018, 26(1):  109-111.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-31

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Objective To investigate serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] and its correlation with pulmonary functions and IgE,and to analyse the relationship between 25(OH)D and asthma. Methods A total of fifty asthma children treated in pediatrics of Weifang Maternity and Children Healthcare Hospital from 2015 to 2016 were chosen as asthmatic group,while 50 healthy children were selected as control group.Serum 25(OH)D and IgE were tested by ELISA.And pulmonary function indicators,including forced vital capacity (FVC),forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) and FEV₁/FVC% were measured by a device testing pulmonary function.Serum levels of 25(OH)D between asthmatic group and control group were compared,while its correlation with severity of asthma was calculated. Results The level of serum 25(OH)D was significantly lower in children with asthma(19.54±7.85)than that in control group(25.28±3.48)(t=5.679,P＜0.05).Positive correlation existed between vitamin D levels and FVC,FEV₁and FEV₁/FVC% (r=0.375,0.339,0.384).A negative relationship existed between vitamin D levels and IgE serum levels (r=-0.534). Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in children with asthma.There is a strong correlation between 25(OH)D and asthma severity.

Establishment and interpretation of warning signs checklist for screening psychological,behavioral and developmental problems of children

ZHANG Yue, HUANG Xiao-na, WANG Hui-shan, FENG Wei-wei

2018, 26(1):  112-114.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-26-01-32

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To develop a brief and effective tool for monitoring development of children aged 0~6 years in China,warning signs checklist (WSC) for screening psychological,behavioral and developmental problems of children was established by experts in 2011-2015.The process of establishing WSC included discussion on framework ,building indicators pool,selecting key indicators for each key age-point,indicators interpretation,accuracy and feasibility evaluation,and reliability and validity research.According to exciting developmental scales in China and expert's clinical?experience,WSC has 44 indicators disaggregated into 11 corresponding age points,which covered 4 domains including language,social-emotional,fine motor skill and gross motor skill.