Abstract: Objective To develop the Preschool Children's Positive Mental Character Questionnaire(PCPMCQ), and the evaluation of its reliability and validity was carried out, and to provide a comprehensive tool for assessing the positive mental character of preschool children. Methods Based on literature review,interviewing caregivers as well as experts,and questionnaire survey,the original PCPMCQ containing 50 items was developed.A total of 2 686 preschool children were selected from January to March 2018,and the preschool children's guardians completed a series of questionnaires.The data were used to screen the items and evaluate its reliability and validity. Results The PCPMCQ included 37 items,and can be divided into five subscales,including the wisdom and knowledge,courage,humanity,justice and temperance.And the variance cumulative contribution rate was 51.667%.The values of Cronbach's α coefficient,split-half reliability coefficient,test-retest reliability coefficient of PCPMCQ were 0.854,0.772 and 0.894,respectively.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that all indexes were valid,and the values of goodness-of-fit index(GFI),adjusted goodness-of-fit index(AGFI),normal fit index(NFI),comparative fit index(CFI) and root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA) were 0.930,0.918,0.848,0.894 and 0.038,respectively.Discrimination analysis indicated that the total scores of PCPMCQ in preschool children with behavior problems were significantly lower than those without behavior problems(P＜0.001). Conclusion The PCPMCQ has credible reliability and validity,so it can be used as an effective tool for assessing positive mental character of preschool children.

Key words: preschool children, Positive Mental Character Scale, reliability, validity

摘要： 目的 编制学龄前儿童积极心理品质量表并进行信效度评价,为评估学龄前儿童积极心理品质提供测评工具。方法 通过文献资料分析法、访谈法和问卷调查等方法,编制含50个项目的学龄前儿童积极心理品质初始量表。进一步于2018年1－3月对2 686名学龄前儿童主要监护人进行问卷调查,并对该量表进行项目分析和信效度评价。结果 最终获得37个项目的学龄前儿童积极心理品质量表,包含智慧、勇气、仁爱、公正和克制5个维度,累计方差贡献率为51.667%。量表Cronbach's α系数、分半信度和重测信度分别为0.854、0.772和0.894;量表整体模型检验的指标拟合优度指数(GFI)、调整拟合优度指数(AGFI)、标准拟合指数(NFI)、比较拟合指数(CFI)和近似误差均方根(RMSEA)分别为0.930、0.918、0.848、0.894和0.038,各项指标均达到可接受范围;儿童行为和情绪问题异常检出者的学龄前儿童积极心理品质量表总分均低于未检出者(P＜0.001),说明该量表具有较好的区分效度。结论 学龄前儿童积极心理品质量表具有较可靠的信度和效度,可作为评定学龄前儿童积极心理品质的测量工具。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 积极心理品质量表, 信度, 效度