Abstract: Objective To understand the physical development deviation and common diseases status of preschool children in an urban area of Xi′an city,so as to provide reference for children health care work. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 6 862 children from 17 kindergartens in a district of Xi′an in 2017.The researchers were admitted to the kindergarten for physical examination from March to September,and 6 595 eligible results of children were finally analyzed. Results The rates of growth retardation,low body weight and wasting rate were 0.23%,0.14% and 0.94%,respectively.And the rates of overweight,obesity,dental caries and anemia were 12.87%,11.89%,15.51% and 5.14%,respectively.Boys had lower rates of body weight and obesity than girls (P<0.01).With the increase of age,the detection rate of growth retardation,low body weight,obesity,dental caries and anemia increased (P<0.001).Meantime,the rates of growth retardation,obesity and anemia of children in private kindergartens were higher than those in public kindergartens (P<0.01). Conclusion The proportion of dystrophy in preschool children in this district is relatively lower,and the rates of reaching standard of height and weight need to be further improved.Moreover,the absolute number of dental caries and anemia should not be ignored

Key words: preschooler, overweight, obesity, anemia, dental caries

摘要： 目的 了解西安市某城区学龄前儿童体格发育偏离及常见病患病情况,为做好儿童保健工作提供参考。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取西安市某区17家托幼机构 2017年在园儿童6 862人,于3-9月入园体检,对符合条件的6 595名儿童的体检结果进行统计分析。结果 生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率分别为0.23%、0.14%、0.94%;超重率12.87%、肥胖率11.89%;患龋率15.51%、贫血率5.14%。男童低体重率、肥胖率高于女童(P<0.01);随着年龄的增加,儿童生长迟缓、低体重、肥胖、龋齿、贫血的检出率增加(P<0.001);民办幼儿园儿童生长迟缓率、肥胖率、贫血率均大于公办幼儿园(P<0.01)。结论 西安市该城区学龄前儿童营养不良比例较低,身高、体重达标率有待进一步提高,超重、肥胖率偏高,龋齿、贫血患病的绝对人数不容忽视。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 超重, 肥胖, 贫血, 龋齿