Abstract: In recent years, with the development of gene sequencing technology, more and more studies have been done on gut microbiota.Each individual's gut microbiota is unique, which is similar to each person's own genes.So it can be compared to " the second fingerprint of human beings".The gut microbiota progress most rapidly in the first three years of life, when was the most critical period of brain development for infants and young children.Their microbial composition changes with age.The brain-gut axis plays an important role in the connection between the brain and the intestinal tract, and intestinal microbiota can directly or indirectly affect the brain-gut axis, thus affecting the brain function through a variety of ways.At present, there are more studies on gut microbiota in adult neurological disorders, but few studies on intestinal flora and childhood neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and adolescent depression.Therefore, this paper mainly reviews the recent research progress of intestinal microbiota and neurological disorders in children.

Key words: gut microbiota, brain gut axis, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, depression

摘要： 近年来,随着基因测序技术的发展,肠道菌群的研究越来越多。类似于人自身的基因,每个人的肠道菌群都是独一无二的,可比作“人类的第二指纹”。肠道菌群在人出生后3年内进展最快,而这也正好是婴幼儿大脑发育最关键的时期。随着年龄的增长,其肠道菌群或微生物组成也会发生变化。脑肠轴在大脑与肠道之间的联系有着重要的作用,而肠道菌群可通过多种途径直接或间接地影响脑肠轴进而对大脑功能产生影响。目前肠道菌群在成人的神经系统疾病研究较多,而肠道菌群与儿童神经系统疾病的研究尚较少,主要疾病包括孤独症谱系障碍、癫痫、注意力缺陷多动障碍以及青春期抑郁症等。因此,本文主要对肠道菌群与儿童神经系统疾病近年来的研究进展进行综述。

关键词: 肠道菌群, 脑肠轴, 孤独症谱系障碍, 癫痫, 抑郁症