Abstract: Objective To analyze the emotional problems of children with asthma and the related factors, so as to provide basis for clinical comprehensive treatment and intervention of children with asthma. Methods A total of 70 asthmatic children aged 8 to 16 years who visited the Pediatric Asthma Clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from May to December 2017 were selected into this study. All participants were asked to fill out general condition questionnaire, Asthma Control Questionnaire(ACQ), the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED) and Depression Self-Rating Scale for children(DSRS). Results There were 24(34.3%) cases and 26(37.1%) cases of positive screening for anxiety and depression in children with asthma. The scores of anxiety and depressive disorders in the only child group were higher than those in the non-only birth group(t=2.986, 3.125), those in the disharmony family relationship group were higher than those in the harmony family relationship group(t=3.636, 5.309), and those in the asthma poor-controlled group were higher than those in the asthma well-controlled group(t=2.743, 2.086), and the differences were significant(P＜0.05). The score of depressive disorder in the asthma non-standard management group was significantly higher than that in the asthma standard management group(t=2.336, P＜0.05). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that whether the only child or not and the degree of asthma control were the main factors affecting anxiety disorder in children with asthma(β=0.289, -0.423, P＜0.05). Whether the only child or not, family relationship and the degree of asthma control were the main factors affecting depressive disorder in children with asthma(β=0.282, -0.283, -0.266, P＜0.05). Conclusions Children with asthma are more likely to have negative emotions such as anxiety and depression than healthy children of the same age. Family members and medical staff should pay more attention to children′s emotional problems and improve their quality of life.

Key words: bronchial asthma, anxiety, depression, children

摘要： 目的 分析哮喘患儿存在的情绪问题及影响其发生的相关因素,为哮喘患儿的临床综合治疗和干预提供依据。方法 选取2017年5—12月在西安交通大学第二附属医院儿童哮喘门诊就诊8~16岁哮喘儿童70例,采用一般情况调查表、哮喘控制问卷(ACQ)、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRS)进行评估及分析。结果 哮喘儿童焦虑、抑郁障碍筛查阳性者各24、26例,检出率分别为34.3％、37.1%。焦虑、抑郁障碍得分独生子女组高于非独生子女组(t=2.986、3.125)、家庭关系不和谐组高于家庭关系和谐组(t=3.636、5.309)、哮喘控制不佳组高于哮喘控制佳组(t=2.743、2.086);哮喘未规范管理组抑郁障碍得分高于哮喘规范管理组(t=2.336),差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。多因素回归分析结果显示:独生子女及哮喘控制程度是哮喘患儿焦虑障碍评分的主要因素(β=0.289、-0.423,P＜0.05);独生子女、家庭关系、哮喘控制程度是影响哮喘患儿抑郁障碍评分的主要因素(β=0.282、-0.283、-0.266,P＜0.05)。结论 哮喘儿童比同龄健康儿童更易出现焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪,家庭成员及医护人员需要重视儿童情绪问题,提高其生活质量。

关键词: 支气管哮喘, 焦虑, 抑郁, 儿童