Expert consensus on the nurturing care specialty construction for infants and young children

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0543

Abstract

Abstract: Infancy is a critical period for children's growth and development, and the provision of good nurturing care and health management at this stage will promote their all-round development in physical development, movement, language, cognition, emotion and sociality. Both the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) mentioned that the most direct and effective way to promote early childhood development is nurturing care. Based on this, the Child Health Care Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association led the establishment of an expert group to formulate this expert consensus in combination with the actual situation of child health care in China, in order to guide the construction of specialties in infants and young children nurturing care in health care institutions at all levels, improve caregivers' parenting and care skills, help create a good family environment, and ensure infants and young children's health, nutritional balance, life safety, emotional support and opportunities for early learning.

Key words: infants and young children, nurturing care, specialty construction

摘要： 婴幼儿期是儿童生长发育的关键时期,在此阶段提供良好的养育照护和健康管理,将促进其在身体发育、动作、语言、认知、情感与社会性等方面的全面发展。联合国儿童基金会及世界卫生组织在儿童发展目标中均提及,促进儿童早期发展最直接、有效的方法就是养育照护。基于此,中华预防医学会儿童保健分会牵头成立专家组,结合我国儿童保健工作实际情况,制定本专家共识,以指导各级医疗保健机构的婴幼儿养育照护专科建设,提高照护人养育照护技能,协助创造良好的家庭环境,确保婴幼儿身体健康、营养均衡、生活安全、情感支持、享有早期学习的机会。

关键词: 婴幼儿, 养育照护, 专科建设

CLC Number:

R179

Child Health Care Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Special Committee on Prevention and Treatment of Autism of China Maternal and Child Health Research Association, Hubei Special Children Rehabilitation Association. Expert consensus on the nurturing care specialty construction for infants and young children[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2023, 31(8): 813-816.

中华预防医学会儿童保健分会, 中国妇幼健康研究会孤独症防治研究专委会, 湖北省特殊儿童康复协会. 婴幼儿养育照护专科建设专家共识[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2023, 31(8): 813-816.

References

[1] 朱宗涵.养育照护是促进婴幼儿健康成长的重要保障[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2020,28(9):953-954.
Zhu ZH.Nurturing care is important to promote the healthy growth of infants and young children[J]. Chin J Child Health Care,2020, 28(9): 953-954.(in Chinese)
[2] Black MM, Walker SP, Fernald LCH, et al. Early childhood development coming of age:Science through the life course[J]. Lancet,2017,389(10064):77-90.
[3] Wertlieb D. Nurturing care framework for inclusive early childhood development:Opportunities and challenges[J]. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2019,61(11):1275-1280.
[4] 国务院办公厅.《关于促进3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务发展的指导意见》(国办发[2019]15号)[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2019-05/09/content_5389983.htm?ivk_sa=1024320u.
[5] 国家卫生健康委.《关于印发健康儿童行动提升计划(2021-2025年)的通知》(国卫妇幼发[2021]33号)[EB/OL].http://www.nhc.gov.cn/fys/s3585/202111/554a64ff0eff497
1a37db413a00083a6.shtml.
[6] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会. 3岁以下婴幼儿健康养育照护指南(试行)[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2023, 31(1): 1-9.
National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Guidelines of healthnurturing care for children under 3 years old (trial implementation)[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2023, 31(1): 1-9.(in Chinese)
[7] Britto PR, Lye SJ, Proulx K, et al. Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development[J]. Lancet, 2017,389(10064):91-102.
[8] World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, World Bank Group. Nurturing care for early childhood development:A framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential[EB/OL]. 2018[2020-07-01]. https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/child/nurturing-care-framework/en.
[9] 许培斌,奚翔云.养育照护策略与行动—解读世界卫生组织《儿童早期发展养育照护框架》[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2020,31(7):840-843.
Xu PB, Xi XY.Nurturing care strategies and actions-Interpretation of framework for nurturing care in early childhood development published by the World Health Organization[J]. Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research,2020,31(7):840-843.(in Chinese)
[10] World Health Organization. Improving Early Childhood Development: WHO Guideline [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2020[EB/OL].https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/97892400020986
[11] 中国妇幼保健协会婴幼儿养育照护专业委员会.婴幼儿养育照护专家共识[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2020,28(9):1063-1068.
Infants Nurturing Care Professional Council, Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association. Expert consensus on nurturing care for infants and toddlers[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2020, 28(9): 1063-1068.(in Chinese)
[12] 卫生部办公厅.《全国儿童保健工作规范(试行)》(卫妇社发[2009]235号)[EB/OL]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/bgt/s10697/201001/e7df299b1ff7421a98df7a3aaf53e369.shtml.
[13] 卫生部办公厅.《儿童健康检查服务技术规范》《儿童喂养与营养指导服务技术规范》和《儿童营养性疾病管理服务技术规范》(卫办妇社发[2012]49号)[EB/OL].http://www.nhc.gov.cn/wjw/gfxwj/201304/d8a8bd0cb3c242fe86a4804
a8810e741.shtml.
[14] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会办公厅.《儿童眼及视力保健技术规范》《儿童耳及听力保健技术规范》《儿童口腔保健技术规范》《儿童心理保健技术规范》(卫办妇社发[2013]26号)[EB/OL].http://www.nhc.gov.cn/wjw/gfxwj/201304/bfb996a2b8b3456da76d6ad6edb39d76.shtml.
[15] 徐玉英,王雪娜,李佳,等.婴幼儿回应性照护的研究进展[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2023,31(1):71-75.
Xu YY, Wang XN, Li J, et al. Research progress in responsive caregiving for infants and toddlers[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2023, 31(1): 71-75.(in Chinese)
[16] 国家卫生健康委办公厅.《0～6岁儿童眼保健及视力检查服务规范(试行)》(国卫办妇幼发[2021]11号)[EB/OL].http://www.nhc.gov.cn/fys/s7906/202106/15c5e7d23b3
843daa3d87d2d7cebc3ce.shtml.
[17] 许培斌,尹春岚.婴幼儿养育照护中的回应性喂养[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2020,28(9):955-957.
Xu PB, Yin CL. Responsive feeding in infant and young child nurturing care[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2020, 28(9): 955-957.(in Chinese)
[18] 中华医学会儿科学分会儿童保健学组, 中华医学会围产医学分会,中国营养学会妇幼营养分会, 等.母乳喂养促进策略指南(2018版)[J]. 中华儿科杂志,2018,56 (4): 261-266.
The Subspecialty Group of Child Health Care, the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Society of Perinatal Medicine, Chinese Nutrition Society Maternal and Child Nutrition Branch, et al. Guideline for breastfeeding promotion strategies (2018)[J]. Chin J Pediatr, 2018,56(4): 261-266.(in Chinese)
[19] 早产儿母乳强化剂使用专家共识工作组, 中华新生儿科杂志编辑委员会. 早产儿母乳强化剂使用专家共识[J]. 中华新生儿科杂志,2019,34 (5): 321-328.
Experts Working Group on Consensus on the Use of Human Milk Fortifier in Preterm Infants, Editorial Board Committee of Chinese Journal of Neonatology. Consensus on the use of human milk fortifier for preterm infants[J]. Chin J Neonatol, 2019,34 (5): 321-328.(in Chinese)
[20] 中华预防医学会儿童保健分会. 中国儿童维生素A、维生素D临床应用专家共识[J].中国儿童保健杂志, 2021, 29(1):110-116.
Child Health Care Professional Committee, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association. Expert consensus on clinical application of vitamin A and vitamin D in Chinese children[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2021, 29(1): 110-116.(in Chinese)
[21] 中华预防医学会儿童保健分会,中国妇幼保健协会儿童早期发展专业委员会,福棠儿童医学发展中心儿童保健专业委员会,等.儿童铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血防治专家共识[J]. 中国实用儿科杂志, 2023, 38(3):161-167.
Child Health Care Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association,Early Child Development Branch of China Maternal and Child Health Association,Health Care Branch of Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development,et al. Expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in children[J].Chin J Practical Pediatrics, 2023, 38(3):161-167.(in Chinese)
[22] Black MM, Hurley KM. Responsive feeding: Strategies to promote healthy mealtime interactions[J]. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser,2017,87:153-165.
[23] World Health Organization. Infant and young child feeding: Model chapter for textbooks for medical students and Allied health professionals[EB/OL]. 2009.
[24] Harris HA, Jansen E, Mallan KM, et al. Concern explaining nonresponsive feeding: A study of mothers' and fathers' response to their child's fussy eating[J]. J Nutr Educ Behav, 2018,50(8):757-764.
[25] Black MM. Nurturing care framework and implementation science: Promoting nutrition, health and development among infants and toddlers globally[J]. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser,2019,92:53-64.
[26] 倪雪菲,樊利春.儿童早期发展养育照护体系中的回应性照护[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2023,31(1):62-65.
Ni XF, Fan LC Responsive care in early childhood development nurturing care systems[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2023, 31(1): 62-65.(in Chinese)
[27] 张悦.婴幼儿养育照护中早期学习机会的概念与内涵探索[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2022,30(10):1088-1090.
Zhang Y. Exploration of the concept and connotation of early learning opportunities in nurturing care[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2022, 30(10): 1088-1090.(in Chinese)
[28] 池霞.脑科学视野下的养育照护[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2022,30(11):1161-1163.
Chi X. Nurturing care based on the perspective of brain science[J].Chin J Child Health Care, 2022, 30(11): 1161-1163.(in Chinese)
[29] World Health Organization. Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age[EB/OL].[2019-07-18].https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/311664.
[30] 刘国艳,李洁旋,肖丽梅,等.家庭亲密度在家庭情感表达与幼儿行为间的中介作用[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志, 2020,29(2):159-162.
Liu GY, Li JX,Xiao LM, et al. The mediating role of family cohesion between family expressiveness and preschool children's behavior[J]. Chin J Behav Med Brain Sci,2020,29(2):159-162.(in Chinese)
[31] Daelmans B, Darmstadt GL, Lombardi J, et al. Early childhood development: The foundation of sustainable development[J]. Lancet, 2017, 389(10064):9-11
[32] 王惠珊.睡眠养育照护行为与儿童健康[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2021,29(5):465-467.
Wang HS. Sleep nurturing care behaviors and children's health[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2021, 29(5):465-467.(in Chinese)
[33] 王惠珊,江帆,黄小娜,等.《0岁～5岁儿童睡眠卫生指南》[EB/OL].中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,2017.[2019-01-20]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2017/10/20171026154305316.pdf
[34] Mukherjee SB, Srivastava RN. Role of pediatricians in early childhood nurturing care related to safety and security[J]. Indian Pediatr, 2021,58(Suppl 1):80-84.
[35] 唐登华,王斌,钱英,等.系统视角下对家庭健康促进的思考[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志, 2022,31(10):869-873.
Tang DH, Wang B, Qian Y, et al. Systemic thinking on family health promotion[J]. Chin J Behav Med & Brain Sci, 2022, 31(10): 869-873.(in Chinese)